STARK, District Judge.
Plaintiff Nina Shahin ("Plaintiff") filed this action against Defendants the State of Delaware ("the State") and the Department of Transportation ("DOT") (together "Defendants") alleging employment discrimination and retaliation pursuant to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("Title VII") and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act ("ADEA"). (D.I. 2) Presently before the Court are Defendants' motion for summary judgment (D.I. 56) and Plaintiffs opposition (D.I. 58) thereto, as well as Plaintiffs motion for jury trial (D.I. 61) and motion for sanctions
Plaintiffs charge of discrimination, dated October 30, 2006, asserts that Defendants discriminated against her by reason of national origin (Ukrainian) and age, and retaliated against her for previously filed charges of discrimination, when they did not hire her for an accountant position at the DOT. (D.I. 2 at charge of discrimination) Plaintiff filed her complaint on October 16, 2007.
The Court entered a Scheduling Order on April 14, 2008, setting a discovery deadline of October 16, 2008, and a dispositive motion deadline of December 16, 2008.
Thereafter, the parties were ordered to submit status reports (D.I. 48), followed by entry of a second scheduling order (D.I. 52) on January 9, 2012, setting a new discovery deadline of July 9, 2012 and a new dispositive motion deadline of August 9, 2012. Defendants served Plaintiff with discovery requests, but she did not respond to the requests (D.I. 53, 54, 55).
Defendants filed the pending motion for summary judgment on August 9, 2012.
Plaintiff applied for the position of accountant (posting # 9403061) in the DOT. (D.I. 2 at charge of discrimination) She alleges that she belatedly returned calls to schedule her interview immediately upon her return for an overseas trip—only one day late—but was told the position had been filled, even though "it was only a period of interview scheduling." (D.I. 2)
Plaintiffs October 30, 2006 charge of discrimination is similar to the complaint and states that Plaintiff scored a 98 on the initial evaluation and, during her absence from the immediate area, the DOT scheduled anticipated interview dates of Thursday, September 28, 2006 and Friday, September 29, 2006. (D.I. 2 at charge of discrimination) Upon her return on Saturday, September 30, 2006, Plaintiff discovered the phone messages and returned the telephone calls the next business day, Monday, October 2, 2006, but was informed that a candidate was "appointed" to the position. (Id.)
Two accounting positions were advertised at the same time, and candidates were interviewed for both positions at the same time. (D.I. 27 at interrog. No. 1) Interviews were held on Thursday, September 28, and Friday, September 29, 2006. (Id. at interrog. No. 3) A note indicates that messages were left for Plaintiff on September 21 and September 22, 2006. (D.I. 28 at DelDot641-10) Thirteen candidates were interviewed for the two positions. (D.I. 27 at interrog. No. 2)
Althea Trower ("Trower"), a black female over forty, received one position, and
The last interview was scheduled for 10:30 a.m. on Friday, September 29, 2006. (D.I. 28 at DelDot641-8) An email from the DOT, dated Friday, September 29, 2006, at 4:28 p.m. discusses the selected individuals. The subject line states, "EEO Hiring approval—Accountant—Pos. #9403, 10192." The email lists the top three individuals selected for each position. (Id.) Trower was the number two person on the "selected" list for position 9403, but the number one person declined the position. (D.I. 28 at DelDot641-11) Penney was the number one person on the "selected" list. (Id.) The DOT made its selection from those who responded to the interview requests. (D.I. 12 at ¶ 9) The documents of record reflect the race, but not the national origin, of the applicants.
"The court shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a). The moving party bears the burden of demonstrating the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. See Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586 n. 10, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986). An assertion that a fact cannot be—or, alternatively, is—genuinely disputed must be supported either by citing to "particular parts of materials in the record, including depositions, documents, electronically stored information, affidavits or declarations, stipulations (including those made for the purposes of the motion only), admissions, interrogatory answers, or other materials," or by "showing that the materials cited do not establish the absence or presence of a genuine dispute, or that an adverse party cannot produce admissible evidence to support the fact." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c)(1)(A) & (B). If the moving party has carried its burden, the nonmovant must then "come forward with specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial." Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 587, 106 S.Ct. 1348 (internal quotation marks omitted). The Court will "draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the nonmoving party, and it may not make credibility determinations or weigh the evidence." Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 150, 120 S.Ct. 2097, 147 L.Ed.2d 105 (2000).
To defeat a motion for summary judgment, the non-moving party must "do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts." Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 586, 106 S.Ct. 1348; see also Podobnik v. United States Postal Serv., 409 F.3d 584, 594 (3d Cir.2005) (stating party opposing summary judgment "must present more than just bare assertions, conclusory allegations or suspicions to show the existence of a genuine issue") (internal quotation marks omitted). However, the "mere existence of some alleged factual dispute between the parties will not defeat an otherwise properly supported motion for summary judgment;" and a factual dispute is genuine only where "the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). "If the evidence is merely colorable, or is not significantly
With respect to summary judgment in a discrimination case, the Court's role is "to determine whether, upon reviewing all the facts and inferences to be drawn therefrom in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, there exists sufficient evidence to create a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the employer intentionally discriminated against the plaintiff." Hankins v. Temple Univ., 829 F.2d 437, 440 (3d Cir.1987).
Defendants move for summary judgment, or in the alternative for dismissal, on the basis that there are no genuine issues as to any material fact and they are entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Plaintiff opposes the motion on the grounds that she did not receive the January 9, 2012 scheduling order found at Docket Item 52. Plaintiff did not file a substantive response to the motion.
Plaintiff contends that the instant motion for summary judgment should not be considered because she did not receive a service copy of the January 9, 2012 scheduling order. She argues that this is "another gross violation" of her constitutional rights of due process and equal protection because the order was communicated to only one party. Plaintiff argues that, unless the Court establishes a new scheduling order, granting Defendants' motion for summary judgment will violate her right to due process and equal protection.
The court docket receipt for the January 9, 2012 scheduling order indicates that it was sent to Plaintiff at her address of record. It was not returned as undeliverable. In addition, the court docket reflects that Plaintiff propounded discovery upon Defendants and they responded to her requests. Conversely, Defendants served discovery (D.I. 53, 54, 55) upon Plaintiff, but she did not respond to the discovery. Plaintiff states that she never received the discovery requests and demanded proof of mailing. (See D.I. 62) Defendants provided Plaintiff with Federal Express tracking documents confirming delivery to Plaintiff's address.
The Court finds Plaintiffs position unavailing. The record does not support Plaintiffs position. The Court docket indicates that the scheduling order was sent to Plaintiffs address of record and it was not returned as undeliverable. Similarly, the record reflects that Defendants served Plaintiff with their discovery requests. Notably, there is nothing in the record to indicate that Plaintiff's ability to litigate this matter was hampered in any way. To the contrary, Plaintiff was provided with the discovery she sought, while Defendants were not.
Plaintiff alleges that Defendants discriminated against her on the basis of age, in violation of the ADEA. She seeks damages and injunctive relief. The ADEA
Plaintiff filed her suit against the State of Delaware and its Department of Transportation. She did not name any state officials. Defendants are immune from suit. Therefore, the Court will grant the motion for summary judgment on the ADEA claims.
Plaintiff alleges she was not hired due to her national origin. Defendants seek summary judgment on the grounds that Plaintiff failed to establish a prima facie case of discrimination and, alternatively, they have articulated a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for selecting the candidates they did.
Plaintiff has provided no direct evidence of discrimination by reason of her national origin.
If the plaintiff succeeds in establishing a prima facie case, the burden shifts to the defendant employer to proffer a "legitimate non-discriminatory" reason for its actions. See Woodson v. Scott Paper Co., 109 F.3d 913, 920 n. 2 (3d Cir.1997). If the defendant meets this burden, the burden again shifts to plaintiff to demonstrate, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the employer's rationale is pretextual. See McDonnell Douglas, 411 U.S. at 804, 93 S.Ct. 1817.
Here, Plaintiff alleges discrimination occurred when she responded one day late to messages left to schedule her interview, only to be told that the positions had been filled, "although it was only a period interview scheduling." (D.I. 2) It is undisputed
Alternatively, even if Plaintiff could make out a prima facie case of national origin discrimination, she has not produced evidence from which a reasonable juror could find that Defendants' reasons for their employment decisions were a pretext for discrimination. When a plaintiff succeeds in establishing a prima facie case, the burden shifts to the defendant-employer to proffer a "legitimate non-discriminatory" reason for its actions. Woodson, 109 F.3d at 920 n. 2. If defendant meets this burden, the burden again shifts to the plaintiff to demonstrate, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the employer's rationale is pretextual. See McDonnell Douglas, 411 U.S. at 804, 93 S.Ct. 1817. To do this, plaintiff must "point to some evidence, direct or circumstantial, from which a factfinder could reasonably either (1) disbelieve the employer's articulated legitimate reasons; or (2) believe that an invidious discriminatory reason was more likely than not a motivating or determinative cause of the employer's action." Fuentes v. Perskie, 32 F.3d 759, 764 (3d Cir.1994). "[T]o avoid summary judgment, the plaintiff's evidence rebutting the employer's proffered legitimate reasons must allow a factfinder reasonably to infer that each of the employer's proffered non-discriminatory reasons was either a post hoc fabrication or otherwise did not actually motivate the employment action (that is, the proffered reason is a pretext)." Harding v. Careerbuilder, LLC, 168 Fed. Appx. 535, 537 (3d Cir.2006) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
Defendants have met their burden by articulating a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for not hiring Plaintiff. Plaintiff was not hired because she failed to respond to several calls for an interview. Nothing before the Court contradicts Defendants' proffered reason for their failure to hire Plaintiff. Nor is Defendants' proffered reason for their action weak, incoherent, implausible, or so inconsistent that a reasonable factfinder could rationally find it unworthy of credence. See Sarullo, 352 F.3d at 800. Even construing the evidence in the light most favorable to Plaintiff, she has provided no evidence from which a fact-finder could either disbelieve Defendants' articulated reason or believe that a discriminatory reason was more likely than not the cause of the employment action. As there is no genuine dispute on the dispositive legal issue of whether Defendants had a discriminatory motive, the Court will grant Defendants' motion for summary judgment on the issue of national origin employment discrimination.
Plaintiff appears to allege that she was not hired by Defendants in retaliation for previously filed charges of discrimination. To the extent she raises such a claim, this claim, too, fails.
To establish a prima facie case of retaliation, a plaintiff must show: (1) she engaged in protected activity; (2) the employer took a materially adverse action against her; and (3) there was a causal connection between the protected activity and the employer's action. See LeBoon v. Lancaster Jewish Comty., Ctr. Ass'n, 503 F.3d 217, 231 (3d Cir.2007). Here, no reasonable juror could find for Plaintiff on the retaliation issue. There is no evidence of record that an adverse employment action was taken after, or contemporaneous with, a protected activity. Indeed, other than Plaintiffs bald assertions, there is no evidence that Plaintiff engaged in protected activity. Because there is no evidence of a nexus between the filing of a charge of discrimination and Defendants' hiring decision, the retaliation claim fails.
For the above reasons, the Court will grant Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment (D.I. 56) and will deny as moot Plaintiffs Motion for Jury Trial (D.I. 61) and Motion for Sanctions (D.I. 64).
An appropriate Order follows.
At Wilmington this 29th day of March, 2013, consistent with the Memorandum Opinion issued this date, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:
1. Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment (D.I. 56) is GRANTED.
2. Plaintiff's Motion for Jury Trial (D.I. 61) and Motion for Sanctions (D.I. 64) are DENIED as moot.
3. The Clerk of Court is directed to enter judgment in favor of the Defendants and against Plaintiff and to CLOSE the case.