RICHARD G. ANDREWS, District Judge.
Pursuant to Rule 65 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Plaintiff Temsa Ulasim Araclari Sanyi Ve Ticaret A.S. ("Temsa") has moved for a Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction against Defendant CH Bus Sales, LLC ("CH Bus"). (D.I. 20). For the reasons set forth below, the motion for a temporary restraining order is granted in part and denied in part. The motion for preliminary injunction will be decided after discovery and a separate hearing.
Temsa manufacturers motorcoaches sold worldwide. (D.I. 21 at 2). In February 2010, Temsa and CH Bus entered into a Distribution Agreement, by which CH Bus became the exclusive distributor and servicer of Temsa motorcoaches in the United States, Canada, Guam, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (D.I. 1-1, Ex. A to Ex. A, § 1.1). The Distribution Agreement, as amended, requires CH Bus to remit payment for the motorcoaches to Temsa by cash or wire transfer within ninety (90) days of the bill of lading or the time of sale, if sold earlier. (Id. at § 4.5; D.I. 1-1, Ex. B to Ex. A). Finally, the Distribution Agreement provides that any unresolved disputes "arising under this Agreement" shall be submitted to arbitration to be held in New York. (Id. at § 17.3).
In January 2016, CH Bus and Temsa entered into a Security Agreement that granted Temsa a security interest in each motorcoach "sold ... to date" and each motorcoach "sold hereafter." (D.I. 1-1, Ex. D to Ex. A, Recitals). The security interest secures CH Bus's "Payment Obligation," which is the obligation of CH Bus "to pay the full purchase price for each [motorcoach] pursuant to the terms of the Distribution Agreement." (Id.). The Security Agreement further provides that Temsa holds the security interest in, and retains title to, each motorcoach "until [Temsa] shall have been paid in full" for that motorcoach. (Id. at § 1(a)). Any breach of any Payment Obligation constitutes "an event default" that gives Temsa "all rights and remedies available at law or in equity," including its rights as a secured party under the Uniform Commercial Code. (Id. at § 1(f)). The Delaware Uniform Commercial Code provides, "After default, a secured party may take possession of the collateral." 6 Del. C. § 9-609(a)(1). There does not appear to be any arbitration clause in the Security Agreement.
Temsa claims that, to date, CH has failed to remit payment for 74 motorcoaches. (D.I. 22 at ¶ 9). The 74 motorcoaches fall into two groups: (i) 41 motorcoaches Temsa financed directly pursuant to the Security Agreement; and (ii) 33 motorcoaches financed by Turkiye Ihracat Kredi Bankasi A.S., also known as Turk EximBank ("EximBank"). (D.I. 22 at ¶ 6). According to Temsa, CH Bus defaulted under its agreement with EximBank, Temsa satisfied the debt CH Bus owed to EximBank, and EximBank assigned its rights to Temsa. (D.I. 21 at 1 n. 1). Neither EximBank's contract with CH Bus nor EximBank's assignment agreement with Temsa are in the record.
On March 22, 2018, Temsa filed a demand for arbitration against CH Bus with the American Arbitration Association. (D.I. 5-1, Ex. C). The arbitration demand asserts claims for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, unjust enrichment, conversion, and an accounting. (Id.). On April 9, 2018, Temsa sued CH Bus in the Delaware Court of Chancery, asserting claims for declaratory judgment, specific performance, and a constructive trust. (D.I. 1-1, Ex. A at ¶¶ 15-40). Based on the representations of Temsa's counsel, it appears that Temsa is asking the court to issue an order that will prevent the loss or destruction of the motorcoaches that serve as collateral until the arbitration is resolved. CH Bus has answered the complaint and filed counterclaims for breaches of contract and tortious interference. (D.I. 26).
A party seeking a temporary restraining order must show: (1) a likelihood of success on the merits; (2) that it will suffer irreparable harm if the injunction is denied; (3) that granting preliminary relief will not result in even greater harm to the nonmoving party; and (4) that the public interest favors such relief. KOS Pharms., Inc. v. Andrx Corp., 369 F.3d 700 (3d Cir.2004); QVC, Inc. v. Your Vitamins, Inc., 714 F.Supp.2d 291, 297 (D. Del. 2010). In addition to disputing whether Temsa has satisfied each of these four factors, CH Bus has raised two equitable defenses: laches and unclean hands. (D.I. 27 at 6-7, 14-15). Finally, if a temporary restraining order does issue, CH Bus has requested that Temsa post a bond. (Id. at 15). "The court may issue a preliminary injunction or a temporary restraining order only if the movant gives security in an amount that the court considers proper to pay the costs and damages sustained by any party found to have been wrongfully enjoined or restrained." Globus Med., Inc. v. Vortex Spine, LLC, 605 Fed. Appx. 126, 129 (3d Cir. 2015) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(c)). The court will address each of these issues in turn.
Here, Temsa has demonstrated a sufficient threat to its security interest to warrant a preliminary injunction. CH Bus has not been forthcoming about the current location of all 74 motorcoaches. (D.I. 21 at 6-12). When CH Bus finally made 23 motorcoaches available for inspection, they were not located at one of the four addresses mandated by the Security Agreement. (Id.; see also D.I. 1-1, Ex. D to Ex. A, at § 1(c)(iii)). On the day of the inspection, the motorcoaches were not even located at the address CH Bus provided. (D.I. 21 at 6-12). When CH Bus finally provided the correct address, 6 of the 23 motorcoaches were missing and remain unaccounted for. (D.I. 21 at 6-12). Temsa states that the lot where the motorcoaches are currently stored is not secure. The motorcoaches are highly mobile, making them easily susceptible to concealment. (Id. at 4-5). Finally, with the passage of time, and use by CH Bus, the motorcoaches which serve as collateral will depreciate in value.
CH Bus asserts the equitable defense of laches and unclean hands. (D.I. 27 at 6-7, 14-15). The court does not find either defense persuasive. "Laches is not determined by the mere passage of time." Nevins v. Bryan, 885 A.2d 233, 253-54 (Del. Ch. 2005). Instead, there must be an unreasonable delay that is prejudicial to the defendant. Khanna v. McMinn, 2006 WL 1388744, at *30 (Del. Ch. May 9, 2006). CH Bus has shown neither an unreasonable delay nor prejudice. It has merely pointed to number of months between the date the dispute first arose and the date Temsa filed its motion for injunctive relief, during which time the parties worked unsuccessfully to settle their disputes. (D.I. 27 at 6-7). There is nothing unreasonable about trying to resolve a dispute without excessive or unnecessary litigation.
"The equitable doctrine of unclean hands bars litigants who have acted inequitably from seeking what might otherwise be available relief." Tafeen v. Homestore, Inc., 2004 WL 556733, at *6 (Del. Ch. Mar. 22, 2004). On the record currently before the court, CH Bus has not shown the likelihood of an unclean hands defense. According to CH Bus, Temsa stopped warranty reimbursement payments, prevented the sale of a non-Temsa product, prevented the acquisition of another product line, stopped shipping motorcoaches, and started selling motorcoaches directly. (D.I. 27 at 3-4, 15). These acts, if proven true, may be a breach of contract, but that does not mean they necessarily rise to the level of inequitable conduct. More importantly, it appears that some of Temsa's actions may have been permitted under the terms of the various contracts. (See, e.g., D.I. 1-1, Ex. A to Ex. A, § 1.1 (stating that "[Temsa] may sell directly ... to those customers in the Territory"); Id. at § 2.1.3 ("[CH Bus] shall refrain from ... offering for sale ... any third-party ... products which serve the same function as [Temsa's products]."); Id. at § 4.13 ("[Temsa] may suspend the supply of Products to [CH Bus] for so long as [CH Bus] is in breach of its material obligations under this Agreement...."). Thus, CH Bus has not shown any likelihood that Temsa has unclean hands on the current record.
For the foregoing reasons, Temsa Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction is granted in part and denied in part. The motion for a temporary restraining order is granted with respect to the 41 motorcoaches financed directly by Temsa. The motion for a temporary restraining order is denied with respect to the 33 motorcoaches financed by
EximBank. The motion for a preliminary injunction is held in abeyance.
An appropriate order will be entered.