Supreme Court of Florida
                                  ____________

                                  No. SC14-282
                                  ____________

                                 KELLY PATON,
                                   Petitioner,

                                         vs.

                    GEICO GENERAL INSURANCE CO.,
                             Respondent.

                                 [March 24, 2016]

LEWIS, J.

      Kelly Paton seeks review of the decision of the Fourth District Court of

Appeal in GEICO General Insurance Co. v. Paton (Paton II), 

(Fla.

4th DCA 2014), on the ground that it expressly and directly conflicts with the

decision of this Court in State Farm Fire & Casualty Co. v. Palma, 

(Fla. 1990), on a question of law. We have jurisdiction. See art. V, § 3(b)(3), Fla.

Const.

                                      FACTS

      Paton was injured in a car accident due to the negligence of an underinsured

driver. GEICO Gen. Ins. Co. v. Paton (Paton III), 

, 805 (Fla. 4th
DCA 2014). After Respondent GEICO General Insurance Company (GEICO)

failed to pay the total amount claimed by Paton under the underinsured motorist

(UM) policy maintained by her mother, she filed an action against GEICO. See

id.; see also Paton v. GEICO Gen. Ins. Co. (Paton I), No. 09CACE013697, 

, at *1 (Fla. 17th Cir. Ct. June 24, 2010) (trial court order). The jury

returned a verdict in favor of Paton for $469,247, which the trial court reduced to

$100,000, the limit of the UM policy. Paton 

.

      Paton subsequently amended her complaint to add a claim of bad faith

against GEICO under section 624.155, Florida Statutes (2010). 

a

jury verdict in her favor for $369,247, the amount of the excess verdict in the UM

trial. 

Thereafter, she moved for attorney’s fees and costs, and as the

fees were being highly contested, she sought discovery related to her opposition’s

attorneys’ time records. Paton 

. Specifically, Paton served

on opposing counsel a request to produce the following records:

      1. Any and all time keeping slips and records regarding time spent
      defending GEICO in the bad faith action in Paton v. GEICO General,
      Case No.: 09-013697 (12).

      2. Any and all bills, invoices, and/or other correspondence for
      payment of attorney’s fees for defending GEICO in the bad faith
      action in Paton v. GEICO General, Case No.: 09-013697 (12).

      3. Any and all retainer agreements between you and/or your
      respective law firm for defending GEICO in the bad faith action in
      Paton v. GEICO General, Case No.: 09-013697 (12).


                                        -2-
GEICO objected to the request to produce on the basis that the information was

privileged and irrelevant, and relied on Estilien v. Dyda, 

(Fla. 4th

DCA 2012), and HCA Health Services of Florida v. Hillman, 

(Fla.

2d DCA 2003). In Estilien, the Fourth District held that where a party seeks to

discover the billing records of opposing counsel solely to support a claim for

attorney’s fees, the party seeking the discovery must establish that the material

requested (1) is actually relevant to a disputed issue, (2) is necessary, and (3) that

its substantial equivalent cannot be obtained from another 

(citing 

). The circuit court overruled GEICO’s

objections, but provided that GEICO “may redact privileged information.”

      Paton also propounded Lodestar/Multiplier Fee Determination

Interrogatories to GEICO. GEICO objected, again on the basis of Estilien and

Hillman, to the following interrogatory:1


      1. The following interrogatory was also included:

             2. As to each of the following provisions, please provide
             your position on this bad faith case:
                    (A) the time and labor required, the novelty,
             complexity, and difficulty of the questions involved, and
             the skill requisite to perform the legal service properly.

GEICO responded, “[t]he time required will be provided. This was not a novel or
complex case. The questions were simple and this was a routine bad faith case
where carrier had opportunities to settle and declined each opportunity.” It is
unclear whether GEICO intended to respond that the time would not be provided,
but the circuit court ordered GEICO to provide an answer to this interrogatory.

                                          -3-
      8. Did you or your attorneys spend any attorney’s time in prosecuting
      or defending this lawsuit? If so, list a description of each such item of
      attorney’s fees, the date incurred, hourly rate and the hours incurred
      on each such date. (Note: you may answer this question by stapling
      your time records to the answers to interrogatories as long as those
      records are legible and complete or indicating that you are relying on
      attached time records for your answer).

Again, the circuit court overruled GEICO’s objection. This order did not reference

redaction of any privileged information.

      GEICO filed a petition for writ of certiorari in the Fourth District, requesting

that the district court quash the orders relating to the request to produce and the

interrogatory. GEICO alleged that Estilien and Hillman establish that a party must

make a special showing prior to the discovery of the billing records of opposing

counsel, and Paton failed to make such a showing. GEICO also alleged that the

materials were privileged and irrelevant.

      The Fourth District granted the petition and quashed the orders of the circuit

court. Paton 

. The district court held that Estilien controlled,

and noted that the court in Estilien stated that the records of opposing counsel are,

at best, only marginally relevant to the determination of reasonable attorney’s fees.

Id. (citing 

). The court recognized that Estilien required

a party to establish that the billing records of opposing counsel are actually



The ruling with respect to this interrogatory was not challenged in the petition for
writ of certiorari.

                                         -4-
relevant and necessary, and their substantial equivalent could not be obtained

elsewhere. 

court concluded Paton failed to make the necessary

showing. 

review of Paton II in this Court, alleging it conflicted with

Palma, 

, which concerned the appropriate range for a contingency

fee multiplier in the computation of a reasonable attorney’s fee. In Palma, this

Court considered the billing records of opposing counsel to be relevant to our

analysis, and explicitly noted the number of hours expended by opposing counsel

in our decision. 

In Palma, we explained that “the trial court found that

650 was a reasonable amount of hours and that a reasonable hourly rate was $150.

Further, the trial court applied a multiplier of 2.6. We note that State Farm’s

counsel [(opposing counsel)] expended 731 hours on this case.” 

The number of hours expended by counsel for both the plaintiff and

defendant in Palma demonstrated the complexity and significance of the issue,

which involved only a $600 medical bill. 

Our recognition that State

Farm expended more hours than those the trial court found to be reasonable for the

plaintiff demonstrates that the number of attorney hours expended by counsel for

State Farm was highly relevant to the determination of a reasonable attorney’s fee

for the plaintiff. Thus, the statement in Paton II that the billing records of counsel

for GEICO were “at best, only marginally relevant,” conflicts with our analysis in


                                         -5-
Palma. We accept jurisdiction to clarify the relevance of the time expended by

opposing counsel to the issue of reasonable hours for a party who is entitled to

payment of his or her attorney’s fees when the fees are contested.

                                    ANALYSIS

      The scope of discovery is provided in Florida Rule of Civil Procedure

1.280(b)(1), which states:

      Parties may obtain discovery regarding any matter, not privileged, that
      is relevant to the subject matter of the pending action, whether it
      relates to the claim or defense of the party seeking discovery or the
      claim or defense of any other party . . . . It is not ground for objection
      that the information sought will be inadmissible at the trial if the
      information sought appears reasonably calculated to lead to the
      discovery of admissible evidence.

Relevant evidence is defined by statute as evidence that tends to prove or disprove

a material fact. See § 90.401, Fla. Stat. (2015). Additionally, we have previously

explained that the definition of relevancy is broader in the context of discovery

than it is during trial. Bd. of Trs. of Internal Improvement Tr. Fund v. Am. Educ.

Enter., LLC, 

, 458 (Fla. 2012) (citing Amente v. Newman, 

1030, 1032 (Fla. 1995)).

      The decision below relied on Estilien, which, in turn, was founded on the

decision of the Second District Court of Appeal in Hillman. In Hillman, the trial

court granted the plaintiffs’ motion to compel a response to a subpoena duces

tecum that sought production of the following: “timesheets, invoices, bills,


                                        -6-
reimbursements, payments, correspondence, contract for services, fee agreement,

hourly fee schedules, all computer generated records pertaining to attorneys’ fees,

costs, expenses . . . , or other related 

(alterations in

original). However, the order of the trial court also provided that any material that

was protected by the attorney-client or work-product privileges should be redacted,

with an unredacted copy to be provided to the trial court. 

medical center petitioned the Second District for a writ of certiorari, which was

granted. 

The district court concluded that the billing records of

opposing counsel are only sometimes relevant to an attorney’s fees claim and, even

when relevant, are protected by the attorney-client and work-product privileges.

Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.280(b)(4)2 provides that privileged

information may be obtained:

      upon a showing that the party seeking discovery has need of the
      materials in the preparation of the case and is unable without undue
      hardship to obtain the substantial equivalent of the materials by other
      means. In ordering discovery of the materials when the required
      showing has been made, the court shall protect against disclosure of
      the mental impressions, conclusions, opinions, or legal theories of an
      attorney or other representative of a party concerning the litigation.

The Second District granted certiorari review and held that the billing records of

opposing counsel are privileged materials that can be obtained only if the party that



      2. At the time Hillman was decided, this portion of rule 1.280 fell under
subdivision (b)(3).

                                         -7-
seeks such discovery demonstrates the material is actually relevant to a disputed

issue, is needed to prepare for the attorney’s fees hearing, and that substantially

equivalent material cannot be obtained elsewhere. 

(citing Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.280(b)(3)).

      In Estilien, the Fourth District relied on the analysis in Hillman to grant

certiorari review of a trial court order that allowed discovery of the billing records

of opposing 

. In Estilien, the plaintiff prevailed during

trial and subsequently filed a motion for attorney’s fees pursuant to the offer of

judgment statute. 

768.79(6)(b), Fla. Stat. (2012)). In connection with

that motion, the plaintiff requested production of the billing records of the

attorneys for the defendant, who objected on the basis that such information was

both irrelevant and protected by the attorney-client and work-product privileges.

court ordered the discovery, but provided that any privileged

information be redacted. 

filed a petition for writ of certiorari in

the district court, which was granted. 

court noted that it had

previously held in Heinrich Gordon Batchelder Hargrove Weihe & Gent v. Kapner,

, 1319 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992), that billing records of opposing

counsel were not discoverable if they contained privileged or irrelevant

information, and the Second District in Hillman held that the billing records of an

attorney are generally protected as work product. 

The Fourth District


                                         -8-
concluded that the trial court order compelled the production of protected attorney-

client information without a showing of relevancy, and imposed the same standard

delineated in Hillman. 

      In contrast, the First District Court of Appeal denied a similar petition for

writ of certiorari that concerned an order of a Judge of Compensation Claims

(JCC) that compelled the disclosure of the hourly fee and time spent by opposing

counsel on the basis that the order did not depart from the essential requirements of

the law. Anderson Columbia v. Brown, 

, 840 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005).

In Anderson Columbia, the plaintiff asserted that a workers’ compensation statute

that limited an award of attorney’s fees based on prevailing in a claim for medical

benefits to $1500 was unconstitutional. 

440.34(7), Fla. Stat. (2003)).

To support that claim, the plaintiff sought discovery of the billing records of the

defendant’s counsel. 

objected on the basis that the information

was protected by either the attorney-client or work-product privilege, but the JCC

rejected this claim and ordered production. 

District in Anderson Columbia denied the petition for writ of

certiorari filed by the defendant on the basis that the order of the JCC did not

mandate the disclosure of information protected by either privilege. 

to work-product privilege, the district court stated that the order did not

require defense counsel to provide information that contained descriptions of the


                                         -9-
services rendered, and therefore did not require defense counsel to reveal their

mental impressions, conclusions, opinions, or legal theories. 

R.

Civ. P. 1.280(b)(3)). With respect to attorney-client privilege, the district court

stated that the defendant did not demonstrate how the disclosure of fees would

have a “chilling effect” on communications related to the legal rights, obligations,

or circumstances of the client. 

Thus, the district court concluded that,

where relevant, the discovery of the billing records of opposing counsel is best left

to the sound discretion of the trial court. 

Prior to Estilien, the Fourth

District had also denied similar petitions for writs of certiorari because the redacted

materials did not contain privileged information and the disclosure of such

materials would not result in irreparable harm. See Brown Distrib. Co. of W. Palm

Beach v. Marcel, 

, 161 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004); see also Finol v. Finol,

, 666 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004).

      We agree with the rationale of the First District in Anderson Columbia and

conclude that the billing records of opposing counsel are relevant to the issue of

reasonableness of time expended in a claim for attorney’s fees, and their discovery

falls within the discretion of the trial court when the fees are contested. When a

party files for attorney’s fees against an insurance company pursuant to sections

624.155 and 627.428, Florida Statutes, as occurred here, the billing records of the

defendant insurance company are relevant. The hours expended by the attorneys


                                         - 10 -
for the insurance company will demonstrate the complexity of the case along with

the time expended, and may belie a claim that the number of hours spent by the

plaintiff was unreasonable, or that the plaintiff is not entitled to a full lodestar

computation, including a multiplying factor. See 

(rejecting the claim that a multiplier should apply only to cases where the

plaintiff’s fee arrangement was based on the amount recovered because, although

the amount of the underlying claim was small, the case was highly litigated and the

risk of nonpayment justified the use of a multiplier).

      Moreover, the entirety of the billing records are not privileged, and where

the trial court specifically states that any privileged information may be redacted,

the plaintiff should not be required to make an additional special showing to obtain

the remaining relevant, non-privileged information. Additionally, even if the

amount of time spent defending a claim was privileged, this information would be

available only from the defendant insurance company, and the plaintiff has

necessarily satisfied the second prong of the test delineated by Florida Rule of

Civil Procedure 1.280(b)(4) for the discovery of privileged information—i.e., the

information or its substantial equivalent cannot be obtained by other means without

undue hardship. Thus, we conclude that by granting the petition for certiorari, the

Fourth District improperly infringed on the sound discretion of the trial court and

required Paton to meet an unnecessarily high standard.


                                          - 11 -
      Moreover, the district court improperly employed its certiorari jurisdiction

when it granted the petition on an issue that did not depart from the essential

requirements of the law and would not cause irreparable harm to GEICO.

Certiorari review of interlocutory orders is an extraordinary remedy that should be

granted only in very limited circumstances. See, e.g., Bd. of Trs. of Internal

Improvement Trust 

; Jaye v. Royal Saxon, Inc., 

, 214-15 (Fla. 1998) (“This Court has emphasized, however, that certiorari

review in this instance ‘is an extraordinary remedy and should not be used to

circumvent the interlocutory appeal rule which authorizes appeal from only a few

types of non-final orders.’ ” (quoting Martin-Johnson, Inc. v. Savage, 

, 1098 (Fla. 1987), superseded by statute on other grounds, § 768.72, Fla. Stat.

(1989))). To be entitled to certiorari review, a petitioner must demonstrate that the

order constitutes a departure from the essential requirements of the law and results

in material injury for the remainder of the case that cannot be corrected on appeal.

Bd. of Trs. of Internal Improvement Trust 

(citing Reeves v.

Fleetwood Homes of Fla., Inc., 

, 822 (Fla. 2004)). Simple

disagreement with the decision of the trial court is an insufficient basis for

certiorari jurisdiction. E.g., Ivey v. Allstate Ins. Co., 

, 683 (Fla.

2000) (citing Haines City Cmty. Dev. v. Heggs, 

, 525 (Fla. 1995)).




                                         - 12 -
      Here, the trial court correctly concluded the discovery was relevant and

provided that GEICO could redact any privileged information. Therefore,

compliance with the discovery orders did not depart from the essential

requirements of the law and would not result in any irreparable harm to GEICO,

and certiorari jurisdiction was not properly exercised by the district court.

Moreover, not only did the district court improperly grant this extraordinary

remedy based on its simple disagreement with the trial court order, the court

erroneously quashed legally correct trial court orders that allowed for the discovery

of relevant and non-privileged information.

                                  CONCLUSION

      We hold that the hours expended by counsel for the defendant insurance

company in a contested claim for attorney’s fees filed pursuant to sections 624.155

and 627.428, Florida Statutes, is relevant to the issue of the reasonableness of time

expended by counsel for the plaintiff, and discovery of such information, where

disputed, falls within the sound decision of the trial court. For this reason, we

quash the decision of the Fourth District in Paton II and remand for further

proceedings consistent with this opinion.

      It is so ordered.

LABARGA, C.J., and PARIENTE, and PERRY, JJ., concur.
QUINCE, J., dissents with an opinion, in which CANADY and POLSTON, JJ.,
concur.


                                        - 13 -
NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION, AND
IF FILED, DETERMINED.

QUINCE, J., dissenting.

      Because I conclude that the decision of the Fourth District Court of Appeal

in GEICO General Insurance Co. v. Paton, 

(Fla. 4th DCA 2014),

does not expressly and directly conflict with decisions of the other district courts of

appeal or this Court, I would dismiss this case for lack of jurisdiction under article

V, section 3(b)(3), of the Florida Constitution.

      The majority accepted jurisdiction of this case on the basis that Paton

expressly and directly conflicts with our decision in State Farm Fire & Casualty.

Co. v. Palma, 

, 838 (Fla. 1990), where this Court concluded “that a

contingency adjustment multiplier may be applied to those contingency fee

arrangements in which the amount of the attorney’s fee is not controlled by the

amount of the recovery.” In detailing the events that transpired below, we noted

that the trial court, in awarding attorney’s fees to the plaintiff, determined that 650

hours expended by plaintiff’s counsel were reasonable. 

We also

observed that opposing counsel expended 731 hours. 

Palma, the

district court in Paton addressed a different question of law, namely, whether, in

support of a claim for attorney’s fees, opposing counsel’s billing records were

discoverable. Paton 

.




                                         - 14 -
      Therefore, I conclude that this Court is without jurisdiction to review Paton

based on express and direct conflict. Accordingly, I dissent.

CANADY and POLSTON, JJ., concur.

Application for Review of the Decision of the District Court of Appeal - Direct
Conflict of Decisions

      Fourth District - Case No. 4D13-2166

      (Broward County)

Bard Daniel Rockenbach of Burlington & Rockenbach, P.A., West Palm Beach,
Florida, and Richard Mark Benrubi of Liggio Benrubi, West Palm Beach, Florida,

      for Petitioner

James Kendall Clark of Clark, Robb, Mason, Coulombe, Buschman & Charbonnet,
Miami, Florida,

      for Respondent




                                       - 15 -