Third District Court of Appeal
                                State of Florida

                           Opinion filed January 28, 2015.
          Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

                                ________________

                                No. 3D13-2302
                           Lower Tribunal No. 13-1892
                              ________________


                              Ursula Q. Silveira,
                                     Petitioner,

                                         vs.

                  Guardianship of Ana Maria Quiroga,
                                    Respondent.



      A Writ of Certiorari to the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Bernard
S. Shapiro, Judge.

      Ursula Q. Silveira, in proper person.

      Guardianship Program of Dade County, Inc., and Caren Lesser and Farah
Viota, for respondent.


Before ROTHENGERG, FERNANDEZ, and LOGUE, JJ.

      ROTHENBERG, J.

      On March 26, 2013, the Chief Executive Officer of Kindred Hospital
(“CEO”) filed a petition to determine whether Ana Maria Quiroga (“Ana Maria”)

was legally incapacitated. The petition provided the names of Ana Maria’s next of

kin, listing both her sister, Ursula Q. Silveira (“Ms. Silveira”), and her mother,

Digna Lopez (“Ms. Lopez”), as required by section 744.3201(1)(g), Florida

Statutes (2013). The petition also alleged that Ana Maria was not using her social

security check and that the social security money was not being used in her best

interests.1 In support of the petition, the CEO attached a psychiatric re-evaluation

that had been performed on Ana Maria the month before, wherein the psychiatrist

noted that Ana Maria had stated that she could no longer make her own health care

decisions and wanted these decisions to be made by her sister or another family

member.

      Thereafter, the trial court appointed a three-member examining committee to

determine Ana Maria’s capacity as specified in section 744.331(3)(a), Fla. Stat.

(2013). The trial court also appointed the Office of Criminal Conflict and Civil

Regional Counsel to represent Ana Maria. See § 744.331(2)(a), Fla. Stat. (2013).

      On April 11, 2013, the CEO filed a Formal Notice of Petition to Determine

Incapacity and For the Appointment of Guardianship (“Formal Notice”), notifying

Ana Maria, as the “alleged incapacitated person,” that the petition to determine

incapacity and to seek the appointment of a guardian had been filed and that a

1The record indicates that Ana Maria receives both Social Security and a private
pension totaling approximately $2700 per month.

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hearing to appoint a guardian would be conducted on May 14, 2013. The Formal

Notice specifies that “the notice must be read to the alleged incapacitated person.”

The certificate of service indicates that a copy of the Formal Notice was furnished

to Ana Maria’s counsel and known next of kin.

      On April 22, 2013, the members of the reporting committee filed their

reports. Each member agreed that Ana Maria is incapacitated, see § 744.3215(2),

(3), Fla. Stat. (2013), and recommended that a plenary guardian be appointed.

      On May 10, 2013, four days before the guardianship hearing, Ana Maria’s

sister, Ms. Silveira, filed a notice of unavailability stating that she was not

available from May 9, 2013 to May 30, 2013. Ms. Silveira’s notice also claimed

that she was Ana Maria’s guardian, and therefore, she must be present when the

“petition” is read to Ana Maria.

      On May 14, 2013, the Guardianship Program of Dade County, Inc.

(“GPDC”) filed its petition seeking to be appointed as Ana Maria’s plenary

guardian. This petition also listed Ms. Silveira and Ms. Lopez as Ana Maria’s next

of kin.

      The trial court heard argument regarding the petition to determine incapacity

and the petition for appointment of a guardian despite Ms. Silveira’s notice of

unavailability. Following the hearing on May 14, 2013, the trial court entered an

order finding that Ana Maria is totally incapacitated and in need of a plenary



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guardian based on the clear and convincing evidence presented at the hearing.

This order specifies that the notice of hearing and petition were read to Ana Maria,

Ana Maria’s known next of kin were given the petition and notified of the hearing,

Ana Maria’s counsel was present at the hearing, and the trial court had taken

testimony and considered the reports of the examining committee. The trial court

appointed GPDC, a public guardian, as Ana Maria’s plenary guardian.2

      A public guardian should be appointed where “there is no willing and

responsible family member or friend, other person, bank, or corporation available

to serve as guardian for an incapacitated person, and such person does not have

adequate income or wealth for the compensation of a private guardian.”             §

744.702, Fla. Stat. (2011). In addition to being “willing and responsible,” the

family member or friend seeking to be appointed guardian cannot be statutorily

disqualified to be appointed as a guardian. See § 744.309(3), Fla. Stat. (2013).

      The record before this Court does not explain why the trial court appointed a

public guardian, GPDC, when Ana Maria’s sister, Ms. Silveira, is willing to act as

guardian and has actively attempted to take that role. The record before this Court

does not include a transcript of the hearing conducted on May 14, 2013, see Fla.

Prob. R. 5.541 (“Electronic or stenographic recordings shall be made of all

hearings on the: (a) adjudication of incapacity; (b) appointment of a guardian . . .

2Ms. Silveira did not appeal the trial court’s order appointing GPDC as Ana
Maria’s plenary guardian.

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.”), and the trial court’s order appointing GPDC as Ana Maria’s guardian does not

address Ms. Silveira whatsoever.

      After the trial court appointed GPDC as guardian, Ms. Silveira filed

numerous pro se motions and petitions essentially seeking to have GPDC removed

as her sister’s plenary guardian and to have herself appointed as the plenary

guardian instead.   Florida Probate Rule 5.660(a) provides:      “Proceedings for

removal of a guardian may be instituted by a court or by verified petition of any

other guardian, any surety, the next of kin, or any other interested person.”

(emphasis added). However, a review of Ms. Silveira’s numerous petitions and

motions reflect that they do not comply with the legal requirements for a petition

for the appointment of a guardian, see § 744.334, Fla. Stat. (2013); Fla. Prob. R.

5.560, or the requirements for a petition for the removal of a guardian, see §§

744.474, 744.477, Fla. Stat. (2013).

      In response to Ms. Silveira’s numerous motions and petitions, the trial court

entered an order on August 9, 2013, finding, in part, that despite appointing GPDC

as Ana Maria’s guardian on May 14, 2013, Ms. Silveira “professes to be the

Guardian, Decision Maker and Trustee for [Ana Maria] while in actuality she

holds none of those positions.” Further, the trial court found that Ms. Silveira

continues to file “pleadings, personally visit[] the Courthouse and make[]

telephone calls purportedly on behalf of her sister while having no authority to do



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so.” Therefore, “should [Ms.] Silveira seek to become the legal guardian of her

sister she shall retain an attorney to file the appropriate Petition on her behalf and

in the interim shall refrain from the above described actions.” On September 27,

2013, the trial court entered an order clarifying its August 9, 2013, order and

ordering the Clerk for Miami-Dade County to accept no further pleadings from

Ms. Silveira because she filed a pleading following the trial court’s August 9, 2013

order.

         Ms. Silveira appeals the trial court’s August 9, 2013, and September 27,

2013, orders. We treat Ms. Silveira’s appeal as a petition for writ of certiorari,

grant the petition, and quash the orders under review in part.

         In GPDC’s memorandum of points and authority in support of its position,3

GPDC asserts that pursuant to Florida Probate Rule 5.030(a), Ms. Silveira cannot

file any pro se motions or pleadings because guardians “shall be represented by an

attorney admitted to practice in Florida.”      GPDC’s reliance on rule 5.030(a),

however, is misplaced because Ms. Silveira is not a “guardian” as defined in the

Florida Probate Rules, see Fla. Prob. R. 5.015(b)(6) (defining a “guardian” as “a

person appointed pursuant to chapter 744, Florida Statutes, or a guardian advocate

3 This Court issued an order directing GPDC to file an answer brief within ten days
from the date of the order or be precluded from filing a brief and/or presenting an
oral argument. GPDC failed to file an answer brief as directed by this Court.
Thereafter, this Court issued an order precluding GPDC from filing an answer brief
or presenting an oral argument unless otherwise ordered, but allowed GPDC to file
a memorandum of points and authorities in support of its position.

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unless a rule indicates otherwise”), or in the Florida Guardianship Law, see

§744.102(9) (defining a “guardian” as “a person who has been appointed by the

court to act on behalf of a ward’s person or property, or both”). Here, Ms. Silveira

has not been appointed by the trial court to act as Ana Maria’s guardian, and

therefore, rule 5.030(a) does not apply to her. Ms. Silveira accordingly cannot be

precluded from filing further documents on that basis.

      A trial court, however, does have the inherent authority to prevent “abusive

litigants from continuously filing frivolous petitions . . . .” See Sibley v. Sibley,

, 985 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004) (quoting Rivera v. State, 

, 1166 (Fla. 1998)). Further, if a litigant is abusing the legal process, the trial

court can require that the litigant obtain counsel in order to proceed. See 

. Although we understand the trial court’s frustration, as Ms.

Silveira’s various filings seeking to be appointed as her sister’s guardian do not

comply with the applicable statutes and procedural rules, see § 744.334, Fla. Stat.

(2013); Fla. Prob. R. 5.560, our review of the record indicates that Ms. Silveira’s

actions have not risen to the point that she should be precluded from filing further

pro se pleadings.

      Accordingly, we grant the petition for writ of certiorari and quash the

portion of the August 9, 2013, order requiring Ms. Silveira to retain an attorney in

order to file a petition for appointment of a guardian and also quash the portion of



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the September 27, 2009, order that directs the Clerk of the Court for Miami-Dade

County not to accept any further filings from Ms. Silveira. We do not quash the

portion of the trial court’s August 9, 2013, order which prohibits Ms. Silveira from

holding herself out as Ana Maria’s guardian.

      We also take this opportunity to explain to Ms. Silveira that pro se litigants

are not held to a “lesser standard than a reasonably competent attorney.” See Kohn

v. City of Miami Beach, 

, 539 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992). Therefore, if

she opts to file a pro se petition seeking to be appointed as her sister’s guardian,

the petition must sufficiently comply with the applicable statutes and procedural

rules. Further, due to Ana Maria’s declining health, Ms. Silveira should consider

retaining counsel or seeking pro bono legal assistance.

      Petition granted; orders quashed in part.




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