DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
                             FOURTH DISTRICT

                           GILBERT E. HALL,
                               Appellant,

                                     v.

                             SUSAN B. HALL,
                                Appellee.

                              No. 4D13-2897

                            [August 12, 2015]

   Appeal from the Circuit Court for the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit,
Broward County; Timothy L. Bailey, Judge; L.T. Case No. FMCE
11013362.

  Virginia R. Vetter, Tampa, and Susana Rice Roque, Miami, for
appellant.

  Linda M. Jaffe of Law Offices of Linda M. Jaffe, Fort Lauderdale, for
appellee.

KLINGENSMITH, J.

   Gilbert E. Hall (“Former Husband”) appeals the trial court’s final
judgment of dissolution of marriage terminating his marriage to Susan B.
Hall (“Former Wife”). Former Husband raises several issues on appeal. We
write to address his argument that the trial court erred by ruling a
contested marriage settlement agreement (“MSA”) was valid and
enforceable and his contention that the trial court abused its discretion by
denying his motion to amend. Because we find that the MSA was valid,
yet Former Husband was improperly denied the opportunity to amend his
answer to Former Wife’s petition for dissolution of marriage, we reverse
and remand so Former Husband may file an amended answer consistent
with this opinion. We affirm the final judgment in all other respects.

   Former Husband’s initial answer to Former Wife’s petition did not
request any affirmative relief. After the answer was filed, the parties met
in December 2012 for mediation with their respective attorneys and a
mediator. During mediation, the parties remained in separate rooms while
the mediator went back and forth between them.
   The mediation resulted in a two-page, handwritten marriage settlement
agreement (“MSA”), which was drafted by Former Husband’s attorney. The
substantive portion of the agreement appears entirely on the first page of
the document:

      This settlement agreement is entered into on Dec. 20, 2012,
      as follows:

      The parties agree to equally divide the net proceeds from the
      sale, except that Husband shall receive $6,000 less as
      consideration for Wife’s payments of certain marital expenses
      that were necessary.

      The parties agree that the Florida prepaid college plan on
      behalf of their daughter Samantha shall be used exclusively
      for education/housing expenses. In the event that a refund
      (whether full or partial), the parties agree to equally divide
      same.

      [Crossed-out paragraph].

      The parties agree that each shall retain any and all assets or
      debts that are in their respective names, including but not
      limited to all of Wife’s credit cards, Husband’s bankruptcy
      debt (Chapt. 13), each parties’ 2012 taxes due (both shall file
      separately); Wife’s jewelry and the cars that they drive.

   The first page also contains the style of the case, and was initialed by
both Former Husband and Former Wife. The second page reflects the
signatures of both parties, their attorneys, and the mediator.

   After the mediation, Former Husband’s attorney repeatedly contacted
Former Wife’s attorney and claimed that she had forgotten to present an
additional page of her draft agreement for Former Wife to consider. Former
Husband’s attorney claimed that this additional page represented what
was supposed to be the first page of the MSA. She requested that Former
Wife’s attorney confirm that the alleged first page represented the parties’
intended agreement and asked that Former Wife sign the page.

   This alleged first page contained additional terms that assigned Former
Husband the entire value of Former Wife’s tax sheltered annuity as of
September 2011 and certain percentages of Former Wife’s retirement
accounts. The page did not contain the signatures or initials of either
party, a date, or the style of the case.

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    The record does not reflect that Former Wife’s attorney ever responded
to the requests made by Former Husband’s attorney, and, in early
February, Former Wife filed the two-page MSA with the trial court. Shortly
thereafter, Former Husband filed a motion for partial declaration and leave
to amend his answer, requesting an order declaring that the two-page MSA
was not complete, and that the purported three-page MSA accurately
reflected the parties’ intended agreement. Former Husband also attached
his amended answer wherein he requested affirmative relief.

   Specifically, Former Husband raised issues in his amended answer
pertaining to timesharing and his need for child support, alimony, and
attorney’s fees. He also sought equitable distribution of certain corporate
interests, retirement accounts, automobiles, bank accounts, furnishings,
and other property known and unknown, with the exception of the marital
home that already had been sold.

    At the hearing on Former Husband’s motion, Former Wife testified that
she never had seen the newly-presented alleged first page of the MSA until
after the mediation and that she never would have agreed to its terms.
Former Husband testified that “[he] initialed [the MSA] where [he] was
asked to after [he] read it.” He also stated: “If I agreed on it, I initialed it.”
Former Husband’s explanation for why his initials were missing from the
alleged first page amounted to “I just didn’t. That’s all.” Neither Former
Husband nor his attorney could provide the court with the original alleged
first page during the hearing, and the mediator testified that he had no
memory or documentation relating to the parties’ mediation.

  Based on this evidence, the trial judge denied Former Husband’s
motion for partial declaration and leave to amend, stating:

         The Husband’s request that I declare the two-page
      document to be incomplete is denied.

         The settlement agreement filed with the Court by Wife’s
      attorney on February 8th states at the top – it is a two-page
      document. It’s actually one single piece of paper front and
      back. The back is just the signature, signature page. But it
      states at the top “This settlement agreement is entered into on
      12/20/12”. Not this partial agreement. “This agreement”.

         And the Court just finds it to be illogical that you would
      say “this agreement” on the second page of the agreement.


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      And you wouldn’t say this settlement agreement on the first
      page.

          No one knows where this first page is. Husband’s counsel
      doesn’t know. Husband doesn’t know. Wife’s counsel doesn’t
      know. Wife doesn’t know. No one knows where the first page
      is.

          The first page of the settlement agreement that’s actually
      in the court file states on its face “The parties agree that each
      will keep all the assets titled in their respective names”.
      There’s nothing ambiguous about that. It doesn’t say except
      for what we’ve already cited on Page 1, or except for those
      assets we already discussed.

         Just based on the evidence that came out at this hearing,
      the Court is going to deny Husband’s request that I find the
      two-page document that’s in the court file to be incomplete.

         The Court is also going to deny Husband’s request that he
      be allowed to file a counter-petition today on a case that’s 18
      months old and we’re 30 days from trial.

   Former Husband filed a motion to vacate or reform this judgment,
which was denied. Ultimately, the trial court issued a short final judgment
of dissolution of marriage which stated: “[t]he parties entered into a
Mediation Agreement dated December 20, 2012, attached as ‘Exhibit A’
which settles and resolves the issues associated with their marriage.”

   On appeal, Former Husband argues that the trial court erred by ruling
that the two-page MSA filed by Former Wife was a complete and valid MSA
and claims that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his motion
to amend his answer.

   I. The Two-Page MSA was a Valid, Enforceable Agreement

  In Casto v. Casto, 

, 333-34 (Fla. 1987), the Florida
Supreme Court established two grounds for setting aside or modifying a
marriage settlement agreement:

         First, a spouse may set aside or modify an agreement by
      establishing that it was reached under fraud, deceit, duress,
      coercion, misrepresentation, or overreaching. Masilotti v.
      Masilotti, 

, 

(1947); Hahn [v. Hahn,

                                     4


(Fla. 5th DCA 1985)]; O’Connor [v. O’Connor,

(Fla. 1st DCA 1983)]. See also Del Vecchio v.
Del Vecchio, 

(Fla. 1962).

   The second ground to vacate a settlement agreement
contains multiple elements. Initially, the challenging spouse
must establish that the agreement makes an unfair or
unreasonable provision for that spouse, given the
circumstances of the parties. Del 

.
To establish that an agreement is unreasonable, the
challenging spouse must present evidence of the parties’
relative situations, including their respective ages, health,
education, and financial status. With this basic information,
a trial court may determine that the agreement, on its face,
does not adequately provide for the challenging spouse and,
consequently, is unreasonable. In making this determination,
the trial court must find that the agreement is
“disproportionate to the means” of the defending spouse. 

requires some evidence in the record to establish
a defending spouse’s financial means. Additional evidence
other than the basic financial information may be necessary
to establish the unreasonableness of the agreement.

    Once the claiming spouse establishes that the agreement
is unreasonable, a presumption arises that there was either
concealment by the defending spouse or a presumed lack of
knowledge by the challenging spouse of the defending
spouse’s finances at the time the agreement was reached. The
burden then shifts to the defending spouse, who may rebut
these presumptions by showing that there was either (a) a full,
frank disclosure to the challenging spouse by the defending
spouse before the signing of the agreement relative to the
value of all the marital property and the income of the parties,
or (b) a general and approximate knowledge by the challenging
spouse of the character and extent of the marital property
sufficient to obtain a value by reasonable means, as well as a
general knowledge of the income of the parties. The test in
this regard is the adequacy of the challenging spouse’s
knowledge at the time of the agreement and whether the
challenging spouse is prejudiced by the lack of information.

v. Belcher, 

(Fla. 1972); Del
Vecchio.



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          As reflected by the above principles, the fact that one party
      to the agreement apparently made a bad bargain is not a
      sufficient ground, by itself, to vacate or modify a settlement
      agreement. The critical test in determining the validity of
      marital agreements is whether there was fraud or
      overreaching on one side, or, assuming unreasonableness,
      whether the challenging spouse did not have adequate
      knowledge of the marital property and income of the parties
      at the time the agreement was reached. A bad fiscal bargain
      that appears unreasonable can be knowledgeably entered into
      for reasons other than insufficient knowledge of assets and
      income. There may be a desire to leave the marriage for
      reasons unrelated to the parties’ fiscal position.          If an
      agreement that is unreasonable is freely entered into, it is
      enforceable. Courts, however, must recognize that parties to a
      marriage are not dealing at arm’s length, and, consequently,
      trial judges must carefully examine the circumstances to
      determine the validity of these agreements.

(footnote omitted).

   Regarding the first ground for setting aside a marriage settlement
agreement, Former Husband has not presented any evidence that Former
Wife or her attorney engaged in any “fraud, deceit, duress, coercion,
misrepresentation, or overreaching” during the mediation, or after. 

Rather, Former Husband’s position is that his attorney inadvertently
forgot to present the alleged first page to Former Wife for her to consider.

    With respect to the second ground, it is difficult to ascertain from this
record whether the agreement “makes an unfair or unreasonable
provision” for appellant, given the parties’ relative circumstances. 

contention between the parties appears to be the division of certain
accounts held in Former Wife’s name. Former Husband’s financial
affidavit states that he made $64,299.23 in 2010 compared with
$62,821.32 for Former Wife. He also claims that Former Wife has
$94,774.08 in a TSA Quinta flex-individual account, $58,516.76 in a TSA
ING retirement plus individual account, and $12,672.13 in a TSA LSW
account.

   Former Wife’s financial affidavit does not provide a total yearly income,
but does show that her monthly expenses exceeded her monthly income.
Regarding her retirement accounts, Former Wife did not provide amounts
and merely stated that they were “TBD.” The alleged first page proffered
by Former Husband awards him portions of some of these accounts, which

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Former Wife contends she never would have agreed to if she had been
presented with the document.

    Thus, the record reflects that Former Husband wants to assign certain
values to Former Wife’s retirement accounts which Former Wife has not
confirmed. These figures are contained in Former Husband’s financial
affidavit, which he himself filled out, but are not corroborated by bank
statements or any other official documentation. All that is clear from the
record is that Former Wife does not agree with the percentages of the
accounts Former Husband claims he is entitled to as reflected on the
alleged first page.

   As such, Former Husband has not demonstrated that the two-page
MSA filed by Former Wife was unfair or unreasonable because he has not
“present[ed] evidence of the parties’ relative situations” which would
permit a court to “determine that the agreement, on its face, does not
adequately provide for the challenging spouse and, consequently, is
unreasonable.” 

above, the three-page MSA, which Former Husband
maintains was the intended agreement, contains two substantive pages
and one signature page. Thus, Former Husband is essentially asking this
court to find, based solely on his assertion and no other evidence, that his
attorney forgot to present to Former Wife one-half of the intended
agreement’s substantive portions but did not realize it until the next day.
The evidence presented to the trial court contradicts this claim.

    Unlike the first page of the two-page MSA filed by Former Wife, the
alleged first page of the purported three-page MSA proffered by the Former
Husband lacks both the style of the case and the parties’ initials.
Moreover, the first page of the two-page MSA begins with the heading:
“This settlement agreement is entered into on Dec. 20, 2012, as follows.”
As the trial court noted, it would be illogical, based on the evidence
presented at the hearing, to find that the alleged first page now proffered
by the Former Husband constituted the true first page of the agreement
when it lacked these attributes.

   The two-page MSA accepted by the trial court contains the style of the
case, a clear heading, the parties’ initials, the signature page, and
addresses the parties’ financial accounts by stating that they “agree that
each shall retain any and all assets or debts that are in their respective
names . . . .” In light of these facts, and because Former Husband has not
presented any evidence to support his position that his purported first
page inadvertently was omitted during the mediation, the trial court did

                                     7
not err by ruling that the two-page MSA filed by Former Wife was a valid,
enforceable agreement.

   II. Former Husband Should Have Been Permitted to Amend

   The trial court denied Former Husband’s motion to amend his answer
because eighteen months had passed since Former Wife filed her petition
and the case was thirty days from trial. We review a trial court’s ruling on
a motion to amend for an abuse of discretion. Vaughn v. Boerckel, 

443, 445 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009).

   “Refusal to allow an amendment is an abuse of the trial court’s
discretion ‘unless it clearly appears that allowing the amendment would
prejudice the opposing party, the privilege to amend has been abused, or
amendment would be futile.’” 

v. Publix Super Mkts.,
Inc., 

, 507 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008)).

   The record reflects that Former Husband filed his motion to amend
after Former Wife already had filed the two-page MSA with the trial court.
This was Former Husband’s first request to amend his answer, and there
was no allegation or finding that he was abusing the privilege to amend.
Additionally, the trial court made no express finding that allowing Former
Husband leave to amend one month before the scheduled hearing would
result in prejudice to Former Wife.

   The two-page MSA addresses the proceeds from the sale of the marital
home, the minor child’s Florida Prepaid tuition funds, and states that the
parties shall “retain any and all assets or debts that are in [the parties’]
respective names, including but not limited to all of [Former] Wife’s credit
cards, [Former] Husband’s bankruptcy debt . . ., each parties [sic] 2012
taxes due . . .; [Former] Wife’s jewelry and the cars that they drive.” Former
Husband’s amended answer raised issues concerning child support,
alimony, time-sharing, attorney’s fees, and equitable distribution of
corporate interests, assets, retirement accounts, automobiles, bank
accounts, furnishings, and other property known and unknown.

   The parties’ valid two-page MSA specifically states that they each shall
retain the assets which are in their respective names, and is therefore
dispositive as to those items. However, as the two-page MSA does not
address child support, alimony, time-sharing, or attorney’s fees, it is clear
that the parties had not yet come to an agreement concerning these issues.
Thus, allowing Former Husband leave to amend would not have been
futile.


                                      8
   Because (1) it is not clear that allowing Former Husband leave to amend
would have prejudiced Former Wife; (2) Former Husband did not abuse
the privilege to amend; and (3) allowing him leave to amend would not have
been in vain, the trial court abused its discretion by denying Former
Husband leave to amend his answer.

    Therefore, we remand this case to the trial court with instructions to
allow Former Husband to file his amended answer in accordance with this
opinion. We affirm in all other respects.

   Affirmed in part; Reversed and Remanded in part.

CIKLIN, C.J., and FORST, J., concur.

                            *          *     *

   Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.




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