IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
                               FIFTH DISTRICT

                                                NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO
                                                FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND
                                                DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED


TIMBER PINES PLAZA, LLC,

               Appellant,

 v.                                                          Case No. 5D16-3275

RICHARD ZABRZYSKI and
GRAZYNA B. MACHNIK,

               Appellees.

________________________________/

Opinion filed March 10, 2017

Non-Final Appeal from the Circuit Court
for Hernando County,
Donald E. Scaglione, Judge.

Randall P. Mueller and Michael P. Quinn,
of Carey, O'Malley, Whitaker & Mueller,
P.A., Tampa, for Appellant.

George G. Angeliadis, of The Hogan Law
Firm, Spring Hill, for Appellees.


WALLIS, J.

       Timber Pines Plaza, LLC ("Timber Pines"), appeals the trial court's order denying

its motion to compel arbitration on a counterclaim brought by Richard Zabrzyski and

Grazyna B. Machnik (collectively, "Appellees"). For reasons that follow, we reverse the

trial court's order and remand with instructions to grant Timber Pines' motion to compel

arbitration.
      Timber Pines owns the Shopping Outlet Mall in Spring Hill, Florida (the "Outlet

Mall"). The Outlet Mall contains two outparcels, the North Outparcel and the South

Outparcel. In April 2014, Timber Pines contracted to sell the North Outparcel to Appellees

for $550,000. The contract contains the following broad arbitration provision:

             14. DISPUTE RESOLUTION: This Contract will be construed
             under Florida law. All controversies, claims, and other matters
             in question arising out of or relating to this transaction or
             Contract or its breach will be settled as follows:

             (a) Disputes concerning entitlement to deposits made
             and agreed to be made: Buyer and Seller will have 30 days
             from the date conflicting demands are made to attempt to
             resolve the dispute through mediation. . . .

             (b) All other disputes: Buyer and Seller will have 30 days
             from the date a dispute arises between them to attempt to
             resolve the matter though mediation, failing which the parties
             will resolve the dispute through neutral binding arbitration in
             the county where the Property is located. The arbitrator may
             not alter the Contract terms or award any remedy not provided
             for in this Contract. . . .

      Before the purchase and sale closed, Timber Pines imposed Amended Deed

Restrictions (the "ADR") on the North Outparcel, which provide:

             All future buildings or structures, property or building uses or
             ancillary or related uses, plans, site plans, on site parking,
             remodeling, renovations or additions as to building type,
             construction and set backs, Tract replats or subdivisions and
             the like must be previously submitted to and approved by
             [Timber Pines], its successors, heirs, assigns or successors
             in title in its sole discretion without necessity of consent of any
             other tract owner. Failure of [Timber Pines] to grant approval
             shall not be considered a waiver. [Timber Pines] also reserves
             for itself, its assignees and successors the right to approve
             and make any such changes described above for any
             property it owns, at any time without consent or approval by
             any tract owner.




                                             2
(emphasis added). Appellees signed an acknowledgment form consenting to the ADR's

terms. The transaction closed in October 2014, after which Appellees obtained building

permits for the construction of a 6124 square foot building on the North Outparcel.

Crucially, the contract for the sale of the North Outparcel does not reference, much less

incorporate, the ADR.

       In October 2015, Timber Pines filed a complaint for injunctive relief and damages,

alleging that Appellees commenced construction on the North Outparcel without obtaining

approval pursuant to the ADR. Timber Pines requested that Appellees cease construction

and comply with the restrictions, but Appellees refused. The trial court denied Timber

Pines' request for an injunction, and our court per curiam affirmed the trial court's ruling.

Timber Pines Plaza, LLC v. Zabrzyski, No. 5D16-95, 

, at *1 (Fla. 5th

DCA Dec. 20, 2016).

       In March 2016, Appellees answered the original complaint and included a counter-

claim for breach of contract, alleging that Timber Pines "failed or refused to object or

otherwise provide any input on the building plans." Appellees further argued Timber Pines

breached the contract by failing to provide them with a cross-parking easement. Timber

Pines responded by moving to dismiss and compel arbitration on Appellees' counterclaim

pursuant to the contract's arbitration provision. Appellees responded that Timber Pines

waived its right to compel arbitration by asserting claims under the ADR that were

"inextricably intertwined" with the contract. Neither party requested a hearing on Timber

Pines's motion to compel arbitration, and the trial court ultimately denied Timber Pines's

motion. The trial court's order does not include any factual findings or detail its reasons

for denying the motion.




                                             3
contained an arbitration provision covering "any dispute" with the employer "arising under

[the employee's] employment." The court found that, although the employee's worker's

compensation claim arose from his employer-employee relationship, that claim was

separate and distinct from the employment agreement containing the arbitration

provision. 

Pines's claim arose in part because it agreed to sell the

North Outparcel to Appellees. However, once that sale closed, the ADR controlled the

relationship between the parties regarding approval of construction plans—the only claim

Timber Pines asserts in this case.

       Based on the foregoing, we find that Timber Pines did not waive its right to compel

arbitration on Appellees' counterclaim. Therefore, we reverse and remand with

instructions to grant Timber Pines's motion to stay litigation of Appellees' counterclaim1

and to compel arbitration.

       REVERSED and REMANDED with Instructions


ORFINGER, J., and JACOBUS, B.W., Senior Judge, concur.




       1  See § 682.03(7), Fla. Stat. (2016) ("If the court orders arbitration, the court on
just terms shall stay any judicial proceeding that involves a claim subject to the arbitration.
If a claim subject to the arbitration is severable, the court may limit the stay to that claim.").

                                                7
              A "significant relationship" between a claim and an arbitration
              provision does not necessarily exist merely because the
              parties in the dispute have a contractual relationship. Rather,
              a significant relationship is described to exist between an
              arbitration provision and a claim if there is a "contractual
              nexus" between the claim and the contract. A contractual
              nexus exists between a claim and a contract if the claim
              presents circumstances in which the resolution of the disputed
              issue requires either reference to, or construction of, a portion
              of the contract. More specifically, a claim has a nexus to a
              contract and arises from the terms of the contract if it
              emanates from an inimitable duty created by the parties'
              unique contractual relationship. In contrast, a claim does not
              have a nexus to a contract if it pertains to the breach of a duty
              otherwise imposed by law or in recognition of public policy,
              such as a duty under the general common law owed not only
              to the contracting parties but also to third parties and the
              public.

Jackson v. Shakespeare Found., Inc., 

, 593 (Fla. 2013) (citations omitted).

       The determination as to whether a party waived the right to arbitrate "should be

analyzed much the same way as in any other contractual context. The essential question

is whether, under the totality of the circumstances, the . . . party has acted inconsistently

with the arbitration right." Raymond James Fin. Servs., Inc. v. Saldukas, 

,

711 (Fla. 2005) (quoting Nat'l Found. for Cancer Research v. A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc.,

, 774 (D.C. Cir. 1987)). A party acts inconsistently with the arbitration right

by prosecuting or defending "a lawsuit on issues subject to arbitration." Green Tree

Servicing, LLC v. McLeod, 

, 687 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009) (quoting Seville Condo.

#1, Inc. v. Clearwater Dev. Corp., 

, 1245 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976)). Once a

party waives the right to arbitrate, "the party may not reclaim the arbitration right without

the consent of his or her adversary." 

that there exists no significant relationship between Timber Pines's claims

under the ADR and the arbitration clause contained in the contract for the purchase and



                                             5
sale of the North Outparcel. Accordingly, we find that Timber Pines did not waive its right

to compel arbitration on Appellees' counterclaim. See 

referenced the

contract in its complaint only to provide context for the parties' relationship and events

leading up to the dispute. Timber Pines sought relief on the sole basis that Appellees

commenced construction on the North Outparcel without obtaining approval as required

by the ADR. The Florida Supreme Court has stressed that a "contractual nexus" requires

that the claim "emanate[] from an inimitable duty created by the parties' unique contractual

relationship." 

. Here, the contract creates no "inimitable duty"

concerning prior approval before commencing construction; the contract is silent on this

issue. See 

ADR provides that Appellees must obtain approval before

beginning construction on the North Outparcel. Thus, we agree with Timber Pines that

there exists no significant relationship between its claim for injunctive relief under the ADR

and Appellees' counterclaim under the contract because resolution of Timber Pines's

claims does not require any "reference to or construction of some portion of the contract

itself." Kolsky v. Jackson Square, LLC, 

, 969 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010) (quoting

).

       Of course, the instant dispute would not exist had the parties not contracted for the

purchase and sale of the North Outparcel, but "the mere fact that the dispute would not

have arisen but for the existence of the contract and consequent relationship between the

parties is insufficient by itself to transform a dispute into one 'arising out of or relating to'

the agreement." 

. The Fourth District Court addressed

analogous facts in AMS Staff Leasing, Inc. v. Taylor, 

, 685 (Fla. 4th DCA

2015), where the employer and employee had an existing employment agreement that




                                               6
contained an arbitration provision covering "any dispute" with the employer "arising under

[the employee's] employment." The court found that, although the employee's worker's

compensation claim arose from his employer-employee relationship, that claim was

separate and distinct from the employment agreement containing the arbitration

provision. 

Pines's claim arose in part because it agreed to sell the

North Outparcel to Appellees. However, once that sale closed, the ADR controlled the

relationship between the parties regarding approval of construction plans—the only claim

Timber Pines asserts in this case.

       Based on the foregoing, we find that Timber Pines did not waive its right to compel

arbitration on Appellees' counterclaim. Therefore, we reverse and remand with

instructions to grant Timber Pines's motion to stay litigation of Appellees' counterclaim1

and to compel arbitration.

       REVERSED and REMANDED with Instructions


ORFINGER, J., and JACOBUS, B.W., Senior Judge, concur.




       1  See § 682.03(7), Fla. Stat. (2016) ("If the court orders arbitration, the court on
just terms shall stay any judicial proceeding that involves a claim subject to the arbitration.
If a claim subject to the arbitration is severable, the court may limit the stay to that claim.").

                                                7