DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
                                 FOURTH DISTRICT

                              CHARLES BARONE,
                                 Appellant,

                                         v.

      PALM BEACH HOTEL CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION, INC.,
                         Appellee.

                                 No. 4D17-3861

                             [ December 12, 2018 ]

  Appeal from the Circuit Court for the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit, Palm
Beach County; Thomas H. Barkdull, III, Judge; L.T. Case No.
502015CA012610.

    Brian Buckstein of Gonzalez, Shenkman & Buckstein, P.L., Wellington,
for appellant.

   Lillian M. Farinas-Sabogal and Jamie Dokovna of Becker & Poliakoff,
P.A., Miami, for appellee.

PER CURIAM.

   We reverse the final summary judgment entered in favor of appellant’s
former employer, the Palm Beach Hotel Condominium Association, on
appellant’s retaliation claim under Florida’s Private Sector Whistleblower
Act, section 448.101, et seq., Florida Statutes (2015). Even assuming,
without deciding, that the “manager rule” 1 should be applied to


1 “In essence, the ‘manager rule’ holds that a management employee that, in the
course of her normal job performance, disagrees with or opposes the actions of
an employer does not engage in ‘protected activity.’” Brush v. Sears Holdings
Corp., 466 Fed. Appx. 781, 787 (11th Cir. 2012). Florida courts apply Title VII
analysis to retaliatory discharge claims under this state’s whistleblower statutes.
Rustowicz v. N. Broward Hosp. Dist., 

, 419 (Fla. 4th DCA 2015).
However, federal courts are split as to whether the “manager rule” applies to
retaliation claims under Title VII. Compare Brush, 466 Fed. Appx. at 787
(applying the “manager rule” to a retaliation claim under Title VII), with Littlejohn
v. City of New York, 

, 317 n.16 (2d Cir. 2015) (“The manager rule’s
focus on an employee’s job duties, rather than the oppositional nature of the
whistleblower retaliation claims under section 448.102, we find that there
is a genuine issue of material fact as to whether appellant stepped outside
his role as manager and engaged in protected oppositional conduct.

   Furthermore, we find that there are genuine issues of material fact on
the issues of whether appellant had a good faith, objectively reasonable
belief that the Association engaged in unlawful activity, 2 and whether
appellant’s objections were the “but for” cause of the non-renewal of his
employment agreement, i.e., the Association’s proffered reasons for the
adverse employment action were pretextual. Accordingly, we reverse and
remand for further proceedings.

    Reversed and Remanded.

TAYLOR, LEVINE and FORST, JJ., concur.

                               *          *          *

    Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.




employee’s complaints or criticisms, is inapposite in the context of Title VII
retaliation claims.”).

2 Under our court’s interpretation of the Whistleblower Act, a plaintiff objecting
to the employer’s conduct need only have “a good faith, objectively reasonable
belief” that the employer’s activity was illegal. Aery v. Wallace Lincoln-Mercury,
LLC, 

, 916 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013). By contrast, the Second District
has disagreed with Aery in dicta and interpreted the Whistleblower Act as
requiring a plaintiff to prove “that he objected to an actual violation of law or that
he refused to participate in activity that would have been an actual violation of
law.” Kearns v. Farmer Acquisition Co., 

, 465 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015)
(emphasis added). In any event, the Association has not asked us to reconsider
Aery in this appeal, and it remains the law in this district.

                                          2