GERBER, J.
The plaintiff appeals from a final summary judgment. The issue is whether the defendant can be liable for negligent entrustment or negligent undertaking where the defendant took his alcohol-impaired brother's car keys, and then put the keys in a place where his brother easily found the keys, resulting in his brother causing a fatal collision. We hold that, under those facts, the defendant cannot be liable for negligent entrustment or negligent undertaking. Therefore, we affirm.
The material facts are undisputed. One night at 8:30 p.m., the defendant and his brother went to a restaurant. Over the next hour and forty-five minutes, the defendant's brother drank several glasses of bourbon. At 10:15 p.m., the defendant and his brother left the restaurant. The defendant asked for his brother's keys because he felt his brother had too much to drink. His brother handed over the keys. The defendant then drove himself and his brother to the defendant's home. They arrived at 11:30 p.m. The defendant put the keys in the kitchen and went into his home office to do some work. His brother remained in the other part of the house.
At 2:00 a.m., the defendant's brother came into the office. The defendant recognized that his brother had been drinking more and was in worse shape than when they had left the restaurant. His brother had the keys and said he was going home. The defendant told his brother it would be best if he stayed the night. His brother agreed and again handed over the keys, saying that he would stay the night. The brother then went back to the other part of the house.
At 2:10 a.m., the defendant went into the living room and put the keys on a hutch. The hutch was twenty feet from the couch on which his brother would be sleeping. The defendant did not keep the keys because he did not want his brother to wake him and his wife when leaving for work at 8:00 or 9:00 that morning. After the defendant put the keys on the hutch, his brother got ready to sleep on the couch. The defendant then went back to his office.
At some time before 3:13 a.m., the defendant's brother got up, took the keys, and left the house. He drove the wrong way down a nearby road and collided head-on with a vehicle driven by Suzanne Cantalupo. Both the defendant's brother and Cantalupo were killed.
The personal representative of Cantalupo's estate filed a two-count action against the defendant for negligent entrustment and negligent undertaking. The defendant moved for final summary judgment, arguing that he could not be liable under the undisputed facts of this case. After a hearing, the circuit court granted the motion, reasoning:
This appeal followed. The plaintiff argues that the circuit court erred in granting the motion for summary judgment on public policy grounds without addressing the merits of the claims for negligent entrustment and negligent undertaking. The plaintiff further argues that, on the merits, the court should have denied the motion for summary judgment because genuine issues of material fact exist as to whether the defendant is liable for negligent entrustment and negligent undertaking. See Moore v. Morris, 475 So.2d 666, 668 (Fla.1985) ("A summary judgment should not be granted unless the facts are so crystallized that nothing remains but questions of law. If the evidence raises any issue of material fact ... it should be submitted to the jury.").
We agree with the plaintiff that the court should not have granted the motion for summary judgment on public policy grounds without addressing the merits of the claims. However, because the parties presented the court with arguments on the merits of the claims, and because our review is de novo, we can address the merits of the claims. See Fina v. Hennarichs, 19 So.3d 1081, 1084 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009) ("`The standard of review applicable to trial court rulings on motions for summary judgment is de novo.'") (citation omitted); Dade County Sch. Bd. v. Radio Station WQBA, 731 So.2d 638, 644 (Fla.1999) ("[I]f a trial court reaches the right result, but for the wrong reasons, it will be upheld if there is any basis which would support the judgment in the record.").
Having reviewed the merits of the claims, we find that the circuit court properly granted the motion for summary judgment. Without genuine issue of material fact, the defendant cannot be liable for negligent entrustment or negligent undertaking under the circumstances of this case. We address each cause of action in turn.
This court has recognized Section 390 of the Restatement (Second) of Torts as setting forth the law of negligent entrustment. Fina, 19 So.3d at 1085. Section 390 states:
Restatement (Second) of Torts § 390 (1965). Here, the plaintiff argues that the defendant, by putting the car keys where his brother easily could find them, constructively entrusted the car to his brother when he knew that his brother was likely to use the car in a manner involving unreasonable risk of harm to himself and others.
In support of this constructive entrustment theory, the plaintiff relies on Foster v. Arthur, 519 So.2d 1092 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988). In Foster, the defendant asked her housemate, a convicted murderer, to repair her bed frame. In doing so, the housemate discovered a gun which the defendant kept between the mattress and the box spring. The housemate later used the gun to shoot the plaintiff. The plaintiff sued the defendant for negligently entrusting the gun to the housemate. After the trial court entered a final judgment for the plaintiff, the first district affirmed. In its reasoning, the first district recognized that the defendant did not personally deliver the gun to her housemate. However, the first district found that the defendant placed the gun in her housemate's "constructive, if not actual, possession" by inviting the housemate to repair the bed frame. Id. at 1094. The court stated:
Id.
We find the plaintiff's reliance on Foster to be misplaced and therefore reject the plaintiff's argument. The defendant's mere placement of the car keys on the hutch where his brother easily could find them does not constitute "supplying" the keys, much less the car, to his brother. To the extent the first district found in Foster that such an action may be considered to be a "constructive" entrustment, we question whether such a finding should be recognized to exist as a matter of law. In any event, to avoid conflict with our sister court, we read Foster to be limited to the unique facts of that case, that is, the use of a firearm.
Our supreme court set forth the law of negligent undertaking in Clay Electric Cooperative, Inc. v. Johnson, 873 So.2d 1182 (Fla.2003):
Id. at 1186 (quoting Restatement (Second) of Torts § 324A (1965)). Here, the plaintiff argues that a genuine issue of material fact exists as to whether the defendant's conduct satisfied the first and second prongs of section 324A. We disagree.
As to section 324A's first prong, we find that no genuine issue of material fact exists because, even if the defendant failed to exercise reasonable care by putting the keys on the hutch where his brother easily could find them, that failure did not increase the risk of harm. From the time the defendant and his brother left the restaurant, the risk of harm was that the defendant's brother would drive under the influence and injure a third person other than himself. When the defendant twice convinced his brother to hand over the keys, the defendant reduced that risk of harm. When the defendant put the keys on the hutch where his brother easily could find them, the defendant merely restored the risk of harm to the level which existed when he and his brother left the restaurant. At no time during the night did the defendant increase the risk of harm above that level.
As to section 324A's second prong, we recognize that the defendant's brother owed a duty to third persons not to drive under the influence. However, the record establishes, without genuine issue of material fact, that the defendant did not undertake to perform that duty. Rather, the defendant attempted to prevent his brother from driving under the influence. "Not driving under the influence" is different in both words and substance from "attempting to prevent another from driving under the influence." Not driving under the influence is inaction. One cannot undertake to "perform" another's duty of inaction.
The plaintiff argues that this case is indistinguishable from Clay Electric. There, an electric company contractually agreed to maintain streetlights along a road but then failed to maintain the streetlights, resulting in a driver killing a boy who was walking to his school bus stop along the darkened road. Our supreme court found that the electric company assumed a specific duty to act with due care in maintaining the streetlights and that the electric company could be liable under section 324A's first and third prongs. According to the court: (1) the electric company's failure to exercise due care in maintaining the streetlights increased the risk that a driver would be unable to see the victim; and (2) the electric company, in undertaking to maintain the streetlights, arguably caused the victim's family to rely on the fact that the lights would be operating properly and that the victim's pathway to the school bus stop would be lighted. The court rejected the electric company's contention that the "increased risk" subsection was inapplicable because the victim was no worse off with an inoperative streetlight than he would have been with no light at all. The court reasoned:
873 So.2d at 1187 (emphasis in original).
Unlike the electric company, the defendant here did not have any duty to prevent his brother from driving under the influence. See Carney v. Gambel, 751 So.2d 653,
At oral argument, the plaintiff suggested in the alternative that the time from which the alleged increased risk of harm could be measured was the time at which the defendant and his brother arrived at the defendant's home and the brother obtained more to drink. We disagree. To the extent the defendant's brother drank more at the defendant's home, the defendant was a "social host" during that time. Our supreme court has found that a person injured by an impaired person does not have a cause of action against a social host who served alcoholic beverages to the impaired person. Bankston v. Brennan, 507 So.2d 1385, 1387 (Fla.1987); see also Dowell v. Gracewood Fruit Co., 559 So.2d 217, 218 (Fla.1990) (rejecting attempt to characterize Bankston as only deciding liability for serving alcoholic beverages to a minor). Thus, measuring the risk of harm from the time when the defendant and his brother arrived at the defendant's home does not create liability here.
Affirmed.
HAZOURI, J., and KELLEY, GLENN D., Associate Judge, concur.