EMAS, J.
This is an appeal from an order of the trial court dismissing with prejudice Appellants' second amended complaint, based upon a finding that Appellants perpetrated a fraud upon the court. For the following reasons, we reverse.
Appellants, Jose Suarez and Anais Suarez, filed a complaint (subsequently amended twice) against Benihana National of Florida Corporation ("Benihana") seeking damages for severe injuries they (and the four-year-old daughter of Anais Suarez) allegedly sustained when they were attacked and beaten by at least three other patrons at the Benihana restaurant. The operative complaint alleged that Benihana was negligent in failing to provide adequate security at the restaurant.
The incident occurred at the Benihana restaurant on August 4, 2006. Appellants had finished eating at the restaurant and were waiting outside for the valet to bring their car when they were confronted by one of the attackers. A verbal altercation initially began between Jose Suarez and one of the attackers. This initial verbal altercation appeared to have ended, but was later renewed when two other individuals came out of the restaurant, joined their friend (the first attacker), and verbally confronted Jose Suarez again. The verbal confrontation soon escalated into a physical altercation, during which Appellants were beaten by the three men. As a result of the incident, the three men were arrested and charged with felonies arising out of the assault and battery upon Appellants. In January of 2007, each of the Appellants was deposed by the attorneys representing the defendants in the criminal proceeding. Those depositions were transcribed and were a part of the file maintained by the Clerk of Courts in the criminal proceeding.
During the course of the 2011 civil deposition, Jose Suarez gave answers which contradicted some of the answers he provided in his 2007 criminal deposition. The inconsistencies of Jose Suarez, as detailed by the trial court in its dismissal order, are set forth below:
— In his criminal deposition, Jose Suarez testified that he "had a drink" the night of the incident. In his civil deposition he testified that he "did not drink alcohol that night."
— In his criminal deposition, Jose Suarez testified he acknowledged using profanity when talking to the attackers. In his civil deposition, he testified he never used profanity.
— In his criminal deposition, Jose Suarez testified that before the attacker began punching him, the attacker was "patting me on the chest." In his civil deposition, he testified that the first physical contact was when the attacker punched him.
— In his criminal deposition, Jose Suarez testified that when the attacker punched him "I punched him back." In his civil deposition, he testified that "I did nothing to cause or contribute to the fight."
— In his criminal deposition, Jose Suarez testified that one of the attackers asked him "Do you want to fight? Let's go across the street." In response, Jose Suarez told the attacker "No, let's do this right here." In his civil deposition he testified that, in response to the attacker's question he replied "I'm not moving from here. I'm not going anywhere."
— In his criminal deposition he testified "I go to fight him." In his civil deposition he testified that he never suggested that he was willing to fight them.
Anais Suarez also gave a deposition in both the criminal and civil cases. She attended the civil deposition of Jose Suarez and was present during his questioning
Further, in her criminal deposition, Anais Suarez testified that Jose Suarez told the initial attacker: "We'll go across the street and I'll fight you there." In her civil deposition, she testified that Jose Suarez never said he would fight them.
This is the sum and substance of the alleged inconsistencies given by Anais Suarez in her two depositions.
Based upon these asserted inconsistencies and contradictions, Benihana moved for dismissal of the second amended complaint with prejudice. The trial court held a hearing (at which no live testimony was offered) and granted Benihana's motion to dismiss, finding clear and convincing evidence that Appellants "jointly and collusively engaged in a scheme designed to prevent the trier from impartially adjudicating this matter through lies, misrepresentations, contradictory statements and otherwise hiding the truth." The court also found that Appellants' contradictory statements "rise[] to the level of perjury in official proceedings (Section 837.02, Florida Statutes) and perjury by contradictory statements (Section 837.021, Florida Statutes)." Finding that Appellants had perpetrated a fraud upon the court, the court dismissed the second amended complaint with prejudice.
Although we review the trial court's order under an abuse of discretion standard, Leo's Gulf Liquors v. Lakhani, 802 So.2d 337 (Fla. 3d DCA 2001), we do so with the understanding that this standard is "somewhat narrowed," as it must take into account the heightened standard of "clear and convincing evidence" upon which an order of dismissal for fraud on the court must be based. See Ramey v. Haverty Furniture Co., 993 So.2d 1014 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008). The burden was upon Benihana to establish
Cox v. Burke, 706 So.2d 43, 46 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998) (quoting Aoude v. Mobil Oil Corp., 892 F.2d 1115, 1118 (1st Cir.1989)).
Having conducted a thorough review of the record below, including a review of all four depositions,
Although a trial court has the authority to dismiss a case with prejudice where it has been established that a plaintiff has committed a fraud upon the court in the prosecution of the action, such a power must be exercised with great caution. Such a sanction is reserved only for those cases involving "the most blatant showing of fraud, pretense, collusion or other similar wrongdoing." Laurore v. Miami Auto. Retail, Inc., 16 So.3d 862, 864 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009) (quoting Young v. Curgil, 358 So.2d 58, 59 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978)). See also Francois v. Harris, 366 So.2d 851, 852 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979) (observing that "in all but the most extreme cases, our system entrusts juries with the ultimate decisions" on a disputed claim, and that "[o]ur experience has demonstrated that juries deserve this trust and that they are well able to discern the truth and to render judgment accordingly").
Even if the record in this case could give rise to some inference of willful or intentional conduct, the nature and substance of the inconsistencies and contradictions required the trial court to consider some lesser sanction, reflecting the proper balance of competing interests and appropriately tailored to address the party's conduct and the resulting prejudice. Dismissal of a case is an extraordinary sanction and is appropriate only where a party's misconduct is "correspondingly egregious." Cox, 706 So.2d at 46. This case clearly fails to present the type of egregious misconduct or extreme circumstance to support dismissal with prejudice.
The order of dismissal with prejudice is vacated and this cause remanded for reinstatement of the action and for proceedings consistent with this opinion.