JOHN E. STEELE, District Judge.
This matter comes before the Court on review of Defendants' Motions to Dismiss the Amended Complaint (Docs. ##35, 41, 43) filed on May 27, May 30, and June 6, 2014, respectively. Plaintiff filed a Response (Doc. #47) on July 9, 2014. With leave from the Court, Defendants filed Replies (Docs. ##54-56) on August 6, 2014. For the reasons set forth below, Defendants Weinstein Pinson & Riley, P.S.'s (WPR) and Vantium Capital, Inc.'s (Vantium) motions are granted and Defendant Veripro Solutions Inc.'s (Veripro) motion is granted in part and denied in part.
Plaintiffs Christopher and Christina DeFrancesco have filed a sixteen-count Amended Complaint (Doc. #34) against Defendants Veripro, WPR, and Vantium alleging violations of the Florida Consumer Collection Practices Act (FCCPA) and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA). The underlying facts, as set forth in the Amended Complaint, are as follows:
In 2006, Plaintiffs obtained a mortgage from Nationstar Mortgage, LLC (Nationstar) for a residence located in Lee County, Florida. (
In December 2011, Veripro contacted Plaintiffs via a letter stating that Veripro had been retained "to secure payment of the deficiency balance of $62,160.87." (
Plaintiffs contend that Defendants' communications were deceptive and misleading because Defendants did not disclose that they had only a potential claim for the deficiency balance and because each communication demanded a sum certain despite the fact that a court had yet to issue a deficiency judgment. Plaintiffs further contend that the frequency and timing of Veripro's calls constituted harassment and that Veripro's threat of legal action was prohibited. According to Plaintiffs, these actions violate various provisions of the FCCPA and the FDCPA. Defendants now move to dismiss the Amended Complaint, arguing that each count fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Plaintiffs respond that each count is adequately pled.
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2), a Complaint must contain a "short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief." Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). This obligation "requires more than labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do."
In deciding a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, the Court must accept all factual allegations in a complaint as true and take them in the light most favorable to plaintiff,
The FCCPA prohibits a party collecting consumer debts from "[c]laim[ing], attempt[ing], or threaten[ing] to enforce a debt when such person knows that the debt is not legitimate, or assert[ing] the existence of some other legal right when such person knows that the right does not exist." Fla. Stat. § 559.72(9). Similarly, the FDCPA prohibits a debt collector from misrepresenting "the character, amount, or legal status of any debt," from using "any false representation or deceptive means to collect or attempt to collect any debt," and from using "unfair or unconscionable means to collect or attempt to collect any debt." 15 U.S.C. §§ 1692e(2)(A), 1692e(10), 1692f.
In Counts II, V, and VII-XVI, Plaintiffs allege that Defendants violated the aforementioned provisions of the FCCPA and the FDCPA by asserting an "absolute legal right to collect a liquidated sum certain" despite the fact that the deficiency balance had not been reduced to a deficiency judgment, and by characterizing "the alleged debt as a presently due and owing `deficiency balance' instead of a potential claim for a deficiency balance." (
Defendants respond that Plaintiffs owed the deficiency balance (and Defendants therefore had a right to attempt to collect it) even if Defendants had yet to obtain a deficiency judgment. (Docs. ## 35, 41, 43, 54-56.) According to Defendants, this means that their communications with Plaintiffs, even to the extent those communications implied a legal right to the deficiency balance, were not misrepresentations. The Court agrees with defendants.
Plaintiffs do not cite, and the Court is not aware of, any case law holding that the holder of a mortgage on a foreclosed property has no right to collect a deficiency balance prior to reducing that balance to a judgment. In a Notice of Supplemental Authority (Doc. #57), Plaintiffs argue that
To the contrary, Florida law provides that the mortgage holder "shall also have the right to sue at common law to recover [a deficiency balance], unless the court in the foreclosure action has granted or denied a claim for a deficiency judgment." Fla. Stat. § 702.06.
Accordingly, Defendants' communications stating that a deficiency balance was owed were not, in and of themselves, misrepresentations. Likewise, as Plaintiffs do not allege that the deficiency balance was zero, Defendants were permitted to include the correct amount owed in their collection letters. Thus, because Plaintiffs to not contest the accuracy of the deficiency balances stated in Defendants' letters, the mere fact that Defendants referenced specific dollar figures cannot serve as the misrepresentations underlying a claim for breach of the FCCPA and/or FDCPA.
The FCCPA prohibits a party collecting consumer debts from "[w]illfully communicat[ing] with the debtor or any member of her or his family with such frequency as can reasonably be expected to harass the debtor or her or his family, or willfully engag[ing] in other conduct which can reasonably be expected to abuse or harass the debtor or any member of her or his family." Fla. Stat. § 559.72(7). Here, Plaintiffs allege that Veripro called them at least 120 times since early 2012, sometimes as often as three times per day. (Doc. #34, ¶¶ 22, 33-34.) According to Plaintiffs the volume and frequency of calls could reasonably be expected to abuse or harass them. (
In response, Veripro contends that various courts have concluded as a matter of law that the frequency and volume of calls alleged by Plaintiffs does not violate the FCCPA. (Doc. #35, p. 9.)
The FCCPA prohibits a party collecting consumer debts from "[c]ommunicat[ing] with the debtor between the hours of 9 p.m. and 8 a.m. in the debtor's time zone without the prior consent of the debtor." Fla. Stat. § 559.72(9). Plaintiffs allege a single instance, in "early 2012," when Veripro called them at approximately 9:18 p.m. (Doc. #34, ¶ 23.) Though Veripro is correct that FCCPA claims must be brought within two years of the alleged misconduct, Fla. Stat. § 559.77(4), Plaintiffs allege that the call in question "was placed within the two years prior to filing the instant action." (Doc. #34, ¶ 23.) Accordingly, Count III is adequately pled.
The FDCPA prohibits a debt collector from placing telephone calls to a debtor "without meaningful disclosure of the caller's identity." 15 U.S.C. § 1692d(6). Plaintiffs allege that Veripro left numerous voicemails on Plaintiffs' cell phones that did not disclose Veripro's identity. However, Plaintiffs do not describe the content of the alleged messages left by Veripro, explain how those messages failed to provide a meaningful disclosure of Veripro's identity, or provide any additional factual support for their allegations. Thus, Plaintiffs have pled nothing more than the "[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements" prohibited by
The FDCPA prohibits a debt collector from "threat[ing] to take any action that cannot legally be taken or that is not intended to be taken." 15 U.S.C. § 1692e(5). Plaintiffs allege that Veripro violated this provision by claiming that it would file a lawsuit to collect the deficiency balance if Plaintiffs failed to contact Veripro immediately. (Doc. #34, ¶¶ 76-77.) According to Plaintiffs, Veripro never intended to file suit, as evidenced by the fact that Veripro never did file suit (and subsequently transferred Plaintiffs' debt to Vantium) despite the fact that Plaintiffs failed to respond to Veripro as requested. (
Accordingly, it is now
1. Defendant Veripro Solutions Inc.'s Motion to Dismiss (Doc. #35) is
2. Defendant Weinstein Pinson & Riley, P.S.'s Motion to Dismiss (Doc. #41) is
3. Defendant Vantium Capital, Inc.'s Motion to Dismiss (Doc. #43) is
4. Plaintiffs Motion to Strike Defendants' Joint Response to Plaintiffs' Notice of Supplemental Authority (Doc. #59) is