ELIZABETH A. KOVACHEVICH, District Judge.
This cause is before the Court on:
Defendant argues that Plaintiff has standing to seek injunctive relief as to the removal of only those architectural barriers alleged in the Amended Complaint.
Plaintiff agrees that a plaintiff has standing to sue over all barriers which the plaintiff has encountered observed, or knew about prior to the commencement of the lawsuit, but since Defendant has invoked the mootness doctrine, Defendant makes all barriers at the subject stores and other stores relevant. Proving mootness requires proof that the challenged conduct cannot reasonably be anticipated to recur.
A Title III ADA plaintiff has standing to challenge those architectural barriers which the plaintiff has encountered, and those barriers about which the plaintiff has actual notice from expert reports or personal observation.
After consideration, the Court grants Defendant's Motion in Limine (Dkt. 147) in part, limiting the testimony and evidence as to each claim asserted by Plaintiff to those barriers raised in the Complaint. Where Defendant seeks to prove Plaintiffs claims as to the five 7-Eleven stores have become moot, such that the entry of an injunction is not appropriate as there is no likelihood of recurring injury, Plaintiff may respond to Defendant's proof by offering proof of a widespread pattern and practice of ADA violations, in accordance with the Federal Rules of Evidence.
Defendant moves in limine to exclude Plaintiff from raising, referencing, mentioning or introducing any evidence regarding other lawsuits or judgments in other lawsuits. Defendant argues that the evidence Plaintiff seeks to introduce should be excluded because: 1) some of the "evidence" is not evidence; 2) all of the "evidence" is irrelevant, unduly prejudicial and misleading; and 3) much of the "evidence" is impermissible hearsay. Fed. R. Ev. 401, 402, 403, 404, 802. The evidence to which Defendant refers includes allegations in pending lawsuits between Plaintiff and 7-Eleven, lawsuits between 7-Eleven and other parties, and three "judgments" in other ADA cases that arose from Plaintiff's acceptance of Rule 68 offers from 7-Eleven, which involved only "nuisance value" settlements.
Defendant denies that Defendant is a "serial violator" of the ADA. Defendant argues that Defendant trains its employees to notice potential ADA issues, report them, and get them fixed, that Defendant contracts with a national company to inspect each property twice a year, and performs voluntary upgrades at its properties in conjunction with, and independent of, store remodels, to assure accessibility.
Plaintiff responds that Plaintiff intends to submit pictures of violations at other 7-Eleven properties, and reserves the right to submit any statements or admissions made by 7-Eleven.
Plaintiff disputes Defendant's denial of serial violations, relying on the testimony of corporate representative John Falso, and arguing that in response to a lawsuit, Defendant arranges for a survey and recommendation to Defendant's litigation attorneys, and then has the property inspected for ADA compliance. Plaintiff further argues that Defendant has invoked the mootness doctrine, and therefore the presence of violations at other stores is relevant to establish a pattern and practice of intentional discrimination.
After consideration, the Court grants Defendant's Motion in Limine (Dkt. 148) in part. Where Defendant seeks to prove that Plaintiff's claims as to the five properties are moot, such that the entry of an injunction is not appropriate as there is no likelihood of recurring injury, Plaintiff may respond to Defendant's proof by offering proof of a widespread pattern and practice of ADA violations, in accordance with the Federal Rules of Evidence.