GREGORY A. PRESNELL, District Judge.
This matter is before the Court on Plaintiff St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Company's ("St. Paul") Motion for Summary Judgment, Defendants Cypress Fairway Condominium Association, Inc. ("Association"), Cypress Fairway Ltd. ("Cypress"), and Vineland Partners, LLC's ("Vineland") Response in Opposition to the Motion (Doc. 62),
This case arises out of the faulty construction and resulting water intrusion at an apartment complex that was eventually converted to the Cypress Fairway Condominium Complex. St. Paul issued several policies to the project's general contractor, Winter Park Construction Company ("WPC"), that included commercial general liability ("CGL") protection. The policies extended coverage to entities on behalf of which the contractor, WPC, was required to secure coverage. The Defendants assert the policies cover Cypress (the original owner) and Vineland (its general partner). Further, due to earlier litigation and a settlement on the property damage to the buildings, Defendants assert St. Paul has a duty to pay the Association for the defense and indemnification of Cypress and Vineland. Under Florida law, this type of settlement agreement is referred to as a Coblentz
The buildings at issue were constructed in 1999 and 2000. (Doc. 54 at 3; Doc. 54-5 at 40). In 2004 the complex was sold to Cypress Madison Ownership Company, LLC ("Madison").
The three policies at issue ran from December 31 1999, each covering one year and lasting until the end of 2002.
In 2010, the Association sued Cypress and Vineland and others for various claims related to the property damage.
Ultimately Cypress and Vineland entered into a settlement agreement and consent final judgment for a total of $2.5 million. The Defendants' affidavit from the Association's attorney in the settlement negotiations, Daniel Webert, indicated this settlement amount was the result of several sources of information regarding the cost of repair. Mr. Webert stated he evaluated the cost of repairs based on a rehabilitation contractor that was doing work on site as well as a building envelope report from engineering firm Morris Hirschfield. Mr. Webert concluded that the repairs would run between twelve to twenty million dollars. Mr. Webert discussed repairs with WPC's counsel and expert and WPC estimated a fair settlement value of eleven to fifteen million dollars. Mr. Webert states that he engaged in settlement negotiations with Mr. Kean, counsel for Cypress and Vineland, that involved discussions of the repair costs. Mr. Kean concurred with the estimations that repair costs would run from fifteen to twenty million dollars. Ultimately, Mr. Kean negotiated a $2.5 million settlement for his clients that was formalized by the consent final judgment. Because Cypress was a single purpose entity with no assets, the Association took an assignment of rights to pursue recovery under the St. Paul insurance policy with WPC.
A party is entitled to summary judgment when the party can show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56. Which facts are material depends on the substantive law applicable to the case. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). The moving party bears the burden of showing that no genuine issue of material fact exists. Clark v. Coats & Clark, Inc., 929 F.2d 604, 608 (11th Cir.1991).
When a party moving for summary judgment points out an absence of evidence
Under Florida law, a party seeking insurance coverage from a consent judgment in the context of a Coblentz agreement must prove: (1) a wrongful refusal to defend; (2) a duty to indemnify; and (3) that the settlement was objectively reasonable and made in good faith. See Sinni v. Scottsdale Ins. Co., 676 F.Supp.2d 1319, 1324 (M.D.Fla.2009) (citing Chomat v. N. Ins. Co. of N.Y., 919 So.2d 535, 537 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006)).
Mid-Continent Cas. Co. v. Royal Crane, LLC, 169 So.3d 174, 181, 2015 WL 3609062, at *4 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.2015) (citations omitted). With regard to the last prong, the party seeking coverage must make a prima facie showing that the settlement was both reasonable and not made in bad faith. Once the initial showing is made the burden shifts to the insurer to demonstrate the settlement was either unreasonable or made in bad faith. See Bond Safeguard Ins. Co. v. Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, Pa., No. 6:13-CV-561-ORL, 2014 WL 5325728, at *6 (M.D.Fla. Oct. 20, 2014).
Plaintiff argues that there are several reasons that it is entitled to summary judgment as to count V of the underlying complaint. Plaintiff argues that the policies do not include Vineland as an additional insured because it was not an owner of the property. Additionally, while Plaintiff concedes the duty to defend as to Cypress, it asserts that the settlement was not reasonable or reached in good faith.
As to Count VI in the underlying complaint, St. Paul argues that it had no duty to defend or indemnify because the alleged negligence — negligent supply of information — did not cause property damage nor was it the result of an event as defined by the policies.
WPC was the named insured under the St. Paul policies. (See Doc. 34-3
Vineland is not the owner or lender on the project, so it is not ostensibly covered as an additional insured under the St. Paul policies. But, Defendants argue that WPC's obligation to indemnify Vineland and others under paragraph 3.18.1 of the contract for construction has the effect of extending coverage to Vineland. (Doc. 63-1; see also Doc. 63-2 ¶ 3.18.1 (requiring contractor to indemnify owner, officer, directors, shareholders, partners, and many others)). This broad and general indemnification provision, however, does not convert all the indemnitees into additional insureds under the St. Paul policies. Accordingly, St. Paul has no duty to defend and has no duty to indemnify Vineland in connection with the underlying lawsuit.
The policies are occurrence policies and only provide indemnification for property damage that occurs during the policy period caused by an event. For Count V, Plaintiff argues that Defendants cannot show that the damages occurred during the policy periods and that Defendants' failure to apportion covered and uncovered damages precludes coverage.
As an initial matter, there is some debate between the parties about which occurrence trigger theory, injury-in-fact or manifestation, is applicable. The Court is persuaded that the injury-in-fact rule is the appropriate trigger for coverage, thus the relevant question is whether there is record evidence that shows the damage occurred during the policy period. See Trovillion Const. & Dev., Inc. v. Mid-Continent Cas. Co., No. 6:12-CV-914-ORL-37, 2014 WL 201678, at *5 (M.D.Fla. Jan. 17, 2014) (adopting injury-in-fact analysis for occurrence policies); Axis Surplus Ins. Co. v. Contravest Const. Co., 921 F.Supp.2d 1338, 1347 (M.D.Fla.2012) (tracing divergent case lines on injury-in-fact trigger theory or manifestation trigger theory).
The final element of enforceability of a Coblentz agreement, whether the settlement is reasonable and in good faith, is a fact-intensive inquiry. The Defendants' affidavit of Mr. Daniel R. Webert stated that during the settlement negotiations he was faced with analyzing the cost of repair with counsel for WPC and he discussed this with Mr. Kean, counsel for Cypress and Vineland. Discussion among counsel for WPC, the Association, and Cypress and Vineland show evaluation of the timing of the damages and allocation of responsibilities among the parties. Further no account of the settlement negotiations reveals bad faith or collusion. Accordingly, the responableness of the agreement is a disputed issue of fact that must be resolved at trial.
Plaintiff argues that Count VI of the underlying complaint does not involve property damage or an event and, accordingly, the alleged damages are not covered. The policies are occurrence policies meaning that the duty to defend or indemnify is only triggered by "bodily injury" or "property damage" that occurs during the policy period and is caused by an "event" that takes place within the coverage territory. (See, e.g., Doc. 34-3 at 49). The only damage at issue is "property damage," which is defined in the policies as:
(Id.). Further, an event is defined as: "an accident, including continuous or repeated exposure to substantially the same general harmful conditions." (Id.).
Count VI of the underlying complaint alleged that Cypress and Vineland maintained the property prior to their sale to Cypress Madison Ownership Company and that they "made express and/or implied representations that the units and Condominium's common areas were constructed in a good and workmanlike manner and in accordance with at least the minimum standards of the applicable building codes and other industry standards and were free from water intrusion and related damages." (Doc. 34-1 ¶ 95). The Association reportedly relied on this information to its detriment and Cypress and Vineland's "failure to exercise reasonable care or competence in supplying information [about the buildings] was a direct, proximate, and legal cause of the damages suffered
These allegations do not invoke a duty to defend nor indemnify under any interpretation of the terms of the policies. See Colony Ins. Co. v. Montecito Renaissance, Inc., No. 8:09-CV-1469-T-30MAP, 2011 WL 4529948, at *3 (M.D.Fla. Sept. 30, 2011) (ruling CGL policy did not cover economic injury). The alleged cause of damage asserted in Count VI was Cypress and Vineland's representations to the Association — representations about the state of the buildings did not cause water intrusion and the resultant property damage. Further, representations are not accidents