JOHN E. STEELE, Senior District Judge.
This matter comes before the Court on Motions to Dismiss filed by the Florida Department of Education (Doc. #101), Education Management Corporation (Doc. #102), Navient Corporation, Navient Solutions, and Pioneer Credit Recovery, Inc. (Doc. #105), (hereinafter "defendants"). Plaintiff filed Responses in Opposition (Docs. ##103, 104, 107). For the reasons set forth below, the motions are granted in part and denied in part.
On May 4, 2018, pro se plaintiff Sandra K. Dressler filed a ten-count Complaint (Doc. #1) against defendants for violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, Fair Debt Collection Practice Act, Telephone Consumer Protection Act, and for breach of contract stemming from the servicing of her student loans and a tax debt. The Court dismissed the Complaint as a shotgun pleading with leave to amend. (Doc. #61.) In its Order, the Court explained that the Complaint was a shotgun pleading in two respects. First, it adopted all the preceding paragraphs causing each successive count to carry all that came before and the last count to be a combination of the entire Complaint in violation of Federal Rule 8(a). (
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Plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint (Doc. #65) on September 5, 2018 on the Court's form titled "Complaint for a Civil Case." (Doc. #65). Plaintiff also filed a "Request for Court to Take Judicial Notice of the Facts" in which plaintiff expressed concern that the Court's form complaint did not provide for individual counts which might cause her to improperly plead her claims. (Doc. #66.) If the Court agreed, plaintiff requested leave to amend. At this point, defendants had begun to file motions to dismiss the Amended Complaint and shortly thereafter, plaintiff's claim against Equifax for data breach was transferred to the Multidistrict Litigation (MDL) Panel. (Doc. #68.)
On September 21, 2018, the Court granted plaintiff leave to file a Second Amended Complaint. (Doc. #73.) In that Order, the Court informed plaintiff that she "should address the shotgun pleading issues previously identified by the Court, but also include facts indicating what caused her to initiate the disputes." (
Plaintiff filed a Second Amended Complaint (Doc. #75) on October 4, 2018. Defendants move to dismiss, in part, because the Second Amended Complaint remained a shotgun pleading that plaintiff has failed to correct despite opportunities to do so. The Court again dismissed the Second Amended Complaint as a shotgun pleading because each count adopted the allegations of all preceding paragraphs and each count failed to identify the specific facts and the particular nature of the violations that each defendant allegedly committed, generally lumping defendants together under each count. (Doc. #84.) The Court allowed plaintiff one final opportunity to amend, and noted that any claims asserted in the Third Amended Complaint against defendants Equifax, Inc. and Equifax Information Services LLC will be stayed in favor of proceeding in the MDL. The Court informed plaintiff (in bold type) that if the Third Amended Complaint remained a shotgun pleading it would be dismissed with prejudice without further notice and without leave to amend. (
Plaintiff filed a ten-count Third Amended Complaint (Doc. #88) on January 16, 2019.
As the Court has stated in two prior Opinions (Docs. ##61, 84), shotgun pleadings violate Rule 8, which requires "a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief," Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2), by "fail[ing] to one degree or another ... to give the defendants adequate notice of the claims against them and the grounds upon which each claim rests."
The Court liberally construes pro se pleadings.
Here, although plaintiff's Third Amended Complaint no longer adopts the allegations of all preceding paragraphs in each count, she continues to generally lump the defendants together under Counts II-IV, VII-IX and provide generic and general factual allegations as if they apply to all defendants. This fails to place each defendant on notice of what allegations specifically against them give rise to each cause of action. Plaintiff was put on notice that such claims would be dismissed with prejudice. Therefore, Counts II-IV, VII-IX are dismissed with prejudice.
Counts V and VI do not suffer from the same defect as they allege Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) violations against defendant Pioneer Credit Recovery, Inc. (Pioneer) only. However, the only allegations against Pioneer fail to state a claim under the FDCPA. In this regard, plaintiff alleges that Pioneer is a debt collection agency under contract with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and that Pioneer sent plaintiff a "tax delinquent notice" stating that plaintiff owed a debt to the IRS. (Doc. #88, ¶¶ 8, 15; Doc. #92-4.) Plaintiff disputed the tax debt with Pioneer. (
A tax obligation is not a debt as that term is defined under the FDCPA. The FDCPA's definitional section, 15 U.S.C. § 1692a, defines a "debt" as:
15 U.S.C. § 1692a(5). Accordingly, the FDCPA and FCCPA apply only to payment obligations of a (1) consumer arising out of a (2) transaction in which the money, property, insurance, or services at issue are (3) primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. The statute thus makes clear that the mere obligation to pay does not constitute a "debt" under the FDCPA.
Here, the tax obligation was not a consumer transaction, nor were the funds used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.
As the Court previously noted, the claims asserted in the Third Amended Complaint against the Equifax defendants (Counts I, X) are stayed in favor of the MDL proceedings and those claims have already been transferred the MDL panel (Doc. #68). Therefore, the Court will order that the case be closed pending remand from the panel.
Accordingly, it is hereby
1. Defendant Florida Department of Education and Educational Credit Management's Motions to Dismiss (Docs. ##101, 102) are
2. Defendant Pioneer Credit Recovery, Inc.'s Motion to Dismiss (Doc. #105) is
3. Finding no just cause for delay, the Clerk shall enter judgment accordingly in favor of defendants Florida Department of Education, Education Management Corporation, Navient Solutions LLC, Navient Corporation, Navient Solutions, Pioneer Credit Recovery, Does 1-10, U.S. Department of Education, and Betsy Devos.
4. Thereafter the Clerk is directed to close the file pending remand from the Multidistrict Litigation Panel as to Counts I and X of the Third Amended Complaint.