M. CASEY RODGERS, Chief Judge.
Plaintiffs in this action owned units in the Shelter Cove Condominium, managed by Shelter Cove Condominium Association, Inc. ("Shelter Cove"), which maintained an insurance policy with Defendant Travelers Casualty and Surety Company of America ("Travelers"). As a result of damage to the condominium caused by Hurricane Ivan, Plaintiffs sued Shelter Cove on various claims related to the repair or reconstruction
Travelers insured Shelter Cove under a Non-Profit Management and Organization Liability Insurance Policy that was in effect from 2004 through 2010. The policy provided a $1,000,000 annual aggregate limit per claim, to be reduced by any costs Travelers incurred in defending the claim. In September 2004, Hurricane Ivan significantly damaged part of the condominium where Plaintiffs owned units, and Shelter Cove took action to repair and reconstruct the building. Nearly three years later, on July 20, 2007, Plaintiffs filed an "Action for Termination of Condominium" in the Circuit Court of Escambia County, Florida, seeking to terminate the condominium ownership and partition its assets because Shelter Cove allegedly failed to obtain the necessary and timely written consent of two-thirds of the owners to rebuild the structure as Shelter Cove had planned, as required by the Shelter Cove Declaration of Condominium. Travelers received notice of the lawsuit on August 13, 2007, and sent Shelter Cove a letter dated August 21, 2007, agreeing to defend Shelter Cove under a reservation of rights and advising that the law firm of Litchfield Cavo, LLP had been retained to handle the defense. In the letter, Travelers reserved its right under the policy to deny liability for loss and expenses should it be determined there is no coverage, and Travelers listed policy provisions that could impact coverage, including exclusions if the insured deliberately committed an act of fraud or agreed to settle a claim or assume liability without Travelers' written consent.
Plaintiffs later amended their state-court complaint on February 3, 2010, adding two insured Shelter Cove board members, Holly Gallopo and Joel Earheart, as defendants and seeking damages for negligence and fraud, in addition to the equitable relief in the initial pleading. Specifically, Plaintiffs claimed that the named defendants fraudulently misrepresented that they had received the proper consents before proceeding with reconstruction, negligently managed insurance proceeds, and ultimately failed to timely reconstruct the condominium. Travelers received notice of the amended pleading by at least June 2010. Travelers continued to defend Shelter Cove, and also defended Gallopo and Earheart, using the same law firm. In February 2011, Plaintiffs offered to settle the state law claims for $432,306, but neither the defendants in the state court proceedings nor Travelers accepted the offer.
The state court scheduled the trial to begin on May 21, 2012. Two days before trial was to begin, Plaintiffs submitted a final settlement offer in the total amount of $1,517,040 with an expiration date of May 25. The trial was then rescheduled for May 28, and Shelter Cove's Board of Directors held an emergency meeting on May 20 to consider the new settlement offer. The Board instructed its independently retained lawyer, William Walter, that if Travelers did not consent to the offer or otherwise settle the case within twenty-four hours, Shelter Cove was to "immediately accept plaintiffs' settlement offer, pursuant to Coblentz v. American Surety Co. of New York."
In the settlement agreement, the underlying parties agreed to sign and file with the state court a joint motion for consent judgment. Shelter Cove assigned to Plaintiffs its rights and claims under the insurance policy, and it was agreed Plaintiffs would delay execution of a stipulated final judgment against Shelter Cove until
Plaintiffs, as assignees, then filed suit in this Court against Travelers. In Count One of the Amended Complaint, they seek a declaration of rights under the insurance policy, requesting the Court to find Travelers obligated to provide coverage in the full amount of the final state court judgment ($1,517,040), plus interest, attorney's fees and costs, for what Plaintiffs allege to be three separate claims. In Count Two, Plaintiffs allege that Travelers breached the insurance contract by rejecting offers to settle within the policy limits and failing to properly defend and indemnify, also seek damages in the amount of the final state court judgment plus attorney's fees, interest, and costs.
A federal court sitting in diversity generally applies federal procedural law and the substantive law of the state in which it sits. See Erie R.R. Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64, 58 S.Ct. 817, 82 L.Ed. 1188 (1938); Trailer Bridge, Inc. v. Illinois Nat. Ins. Co., 657 F.3d 1135, 1141 (11th Cir.2011). Accordingly, the Court applies federal procedural law and Florida substantive law to the issues in this case, and thus Florida law governs the construction of the insurance policy. See Provau v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 772 F.2d 817, 819-20 (11th Cir.1985) (providing that the construction of insurance contracts is a matter of state substantive law).
Summary judgment is appropriate when "the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a). "A party asserting that a fact cannot be or is genuinely disputed must support the assertion by citing to particular parts of materials in the record ... or showing that the materials cited do not establish the absence or presence of a genuine dispute, or that an adverse party cannot produce admissible evidence to support the fact." Fed. R.Civ.P. 56(c)(1). The movant bears the initial burden of demonstrating the absence of a genuine dispute of material fact for trial. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). If shown, the burden shifts to "the non-moving party to demonstrate that there is indeed a material issue of fact that precludes summary judgment." Clark v. Coats & Clark, Inc., 929 F.2d 604, 608 (11th Cir.1991). Rule 56(a) "mandates the entry summary judgment ... against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on
When interpreting insurance coverage provisions, the Court is required by Florida law to examine the "policy as a whole and give every provision its full meaning and operative effect." State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. Steinberg, 393 F.3d 1226, 1230 (11th Cir.2004) (citing Excelsior Ins. Co. v. Pomona Park Bar & Package Store, 369 So.2d 938, 941 (Fla. 1979)). If the policy language is plain and unambiguous, that language governs because it is the result of the parties' bargained-for exchange. Id. However, if the language "is susceptible to more than one reasonable interpretation," the policy is interpreted liberally in favor of the insured and strictly against the drafter who prepared the policy." Id. (quoting Auto-Owners Ins. Co. v. Anderson, 756 So.2d 29, 34 (Fla.2000)). Ambiguity in coverage provisions, particularly exclusionary clauses, are strictly construed against the insurer. Fayad v. Clarendon Nat'l Ins. Co., 899 So.2d 1082, 1086 (Fla.2005) (citing Auto-Owners, 756 So.2d at 34).
The insurance policy at issue is a "claims made and reported" policy with defense costs included in the $1,000,000 aggregate limit of liability. Pursuant to the policy, the insurance company promises to cover loss up to the policy limit incurred from a claim for a wrongful act. A loss is an amount the insured "becomes legally obligated to pay," "with some exceptions, and a wrongful act is defined as an error, misstatement, misleading statement, act, omission, neglect, or breach of duty committed" by the insured. "Related Wrongful Acts" are those that "arise out of, are based on, relate to or are in consequence of the same facts, circumstances, or situations." Losses based on the same, or a related, wrongful act are to be "considered a single Loss incurred as a result of a single Claim," which is deemed to have been made on the date of the first claim for that wrongful act or related wrongful act.
Under the policy, the insurance company has the duty to defend any claim governed by the policy, even if the claims are "groundless, false or fraudulent," but the duty to defend will cease on exhaustion of the policy limits. The insured agrees to provide assistance, cooperation, and do nothing that may prejudice the insurer's position. The policy also states that the insured agrees not to settle any claim or incur any defense cost or admit any liability with respect to a claim "without the Insurer's written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld," and respectively expressly states the insurance company "shall not be liable for any settlement,
Travelers argues it is not obligated to pay the state court judgment because Plaintiffs and Shelter Cove entered into a settlement agreement without Travelers' consent, contrary to the policy terms, although Travelers was providing a defense pursuant to the policy. Where a liability insurer denies coverage and wrongfully refuses to defend an insured against a claim, the law recognizes that the insured may enter into a fair consent judgment for liability with the adverse party and bind the insurer, if coverage exists, despite language in the policy that seemingly would prevent such a result. See Coblentz v. Am. Sur. Co. of New York, 416 F.2d 1059, 1062-63 (5th Cir.1969).
Turning first to the issue of whether Travelers wrongfully refused to defend, the Court notes that an insurer's duty to defend is broader than its duty to indemnify. Lime Tree Village Comm. Club Ass'n, Inc. v. State Farm Gen. Ins. Co., 980 F.2d 1402, 1405 (11th Cir.1993) (citing Baron
It is also undisputed that Travelers defended the underlying suit under a reservation of rights.
The undisputed record in this case shows that Travelers retained defense counsel and provided a fully funded though conditional defense, which Shelter Cove accepted for over four years before rejecting on the eve of trial. Although Shelter Cove was not required to accept Travelers' conditional defense at the outset, the fact is that it did accept it, and Plaintiffs have not produced any facts suggesting that Shelter Cove may have rejected the conditional
Plaintiffs instead argue only that Travelers' reservation of rights did not comply with statutory requirements, that Travelers unreasonably withheld consent to settle, and that Travelers provided an inadequate defense. In the Court's view, these arguments miss the mark with regard to satisfying the wrongful-refusal-to-defend element of a Coblentz agreement, which is the focus of Travelers' motion.
In light of this conclusion, the Court need not consider the remaining elements necessary to the existence of a Coblentz agreement. However, the absence of a valid Coblentz agreement due to the fact that Travelers did not wrongfully refuse a defense does not alone carry the day to relieve Travelers of all obligations for coverage under the policy. Rather, it merely precludes Plaintiffs in this instance from relying on the agreement alone as a basis for recovery. Thus, although Travelers did not wrongfully refuse to defend, Plaintiffs are entitled to go forward with their arguments that they are nonetheless entitled to coverage under the policy.
In their summary judgment motion, Plaintiffs assert that the final state court judgment is covered under the policy as three separate occurrences, each with a $1,000,000 limit; that Travelers waived all coverage defenses under the policy, failed to adequately defend, and unreasonably refused to consent to the settlement; and that the settlement was reasonable and made in good faith. Travelers maintains in opposition that Plaintiffs violated the terms of the policy, and thus, Travelers is relieved of its obligation to pay the judgment.
The insurance policy at issue includes a cooperation clause, which required Shelter Cove to cooperate with all reasonable requests and do nothing that might prejudice Travelers' position. Under the policy terms, Shelter Cove agreed not to settle any claim or admit any liability with respect to any claim "without the [Travelers'] written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld." The policy further provides that if Shelter Cove does not fully comply with all terms of the policy, "no action shall lie against the [Travelers]." It is well-settled in Florida law that to constitute a breach of the policy and preclude coverage, a failure to cooperate must be material and of such nature as to substantially prejudice the insurer's rights. See Ramos v. Northwestern Mut. Ins. Co., 336 So.2d 71, 75 (Fla.1976). The Florida Supreme Court has explained that the question of whether a failure to cooperate is so substantially prejudicial as to release the insurance company of its obligation to pay is "ordinarily a question of fact, but under some circumstances, particularly where the facts are admitted, it may well be a question of law." Id. The Eleventh Circuit has also recognized that under Florida law, "while an insured is free to enter into a settlement agreement when its insurer has wrongfully refused to provide it with a defense to suit, ... the insured is not similarly free to engage in settlement where, as here, the insurer has not declined a defense to suit." Cont'l Cas. Co. v. City of Jacksonville, 283 Fed.Appx. 686, 692 (11th Cir.2008) (internal marks omitted).
Plaintiffs argue that Shelter Cove's failure to obtain consent is excused because Travelers unreasonably withheld consent to settle under the policy terms. The Court finds that the relevant facts on this issue are undisputed such that the question
The Court also rejects Plaintiffs' remaining arguments. Plaintiffs argue that Shelter Cove's failure to obtain consent to settle is excused because Travelers provided an inadequate defense. See MCO Envtl., Inc. v. Agric. Excess and Surplus Ins. Co., 689 So.2d 1114, 1116 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997) (stating if an insured provides a defense, it must provide an adequate defense); Carrousel Concessions, Inc. v. Fla. Ins. Guar. Ass'n, 483 So.2d 513, 516 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986) (stating to satisfy the obligation to defend, the insurer must provide an adequate defense and citing cases indicating negligent failure to settle within policy limits is a breach of contract). The only ground asserted by Plaintiffs as proof that Travelers provided an inadequate defense is Travelers' failure to settle within policy limits during the litigation. There is no testimony that Shelter Cove was otherwise unsatisfied with defense counsel's performance. Plaintiffs' statement of facts indicates that Shelter Cove and Travelers both rejected Plaintiff's settlement offer of $432,306, which reflects a joint decision that the offer was not acceptable, not that the defense was inadequate. Claim notes from 2011 indicate Travelers had decided its settlement range was $250,000 to $275,000 and that Travelers was not willing to increase its contribution to $900,000 because of its view of the case and the mounting defense costs that eroded the policy limits, but there is no evidence of another settlement offer being rejected until the final offer discussed above. This evidence is unrefuted, and Plaintiffs have presented no evidence from which a jury could find negligence in the failure to settle during litigation.
The Court also rejects Plaintiffs' argument that Travelers has waived its coverage defenses by violating the Claims Administration Statute, Fla. Stat. § 627.426(2). The statute in relevant part precludes an insurer from denying coverage based on a particular coverage defense unless (1) the insurer gives a written reservation of rights within 30 days of when the insurer knew or should have known of a coverage defense, and (2) the insurer retains independent counsel, mutually agreeable to the parties, within 60 days. Fla. Stat. § 627.426(2)(a), (b)(3). Strict compliance with the statute is required "unless actual notice to the insured of the insurer's position has occurred on a timely basis." Mid-Continent Cas. Co. v. Basdeo, 742 F.Supp.2d 1293, 1332 (S.D.Fla.2010) (stating this proposition of law but finding no evidence that the insured in that case actually received a notice of reservation of rights or denial of coverage); see also Phoenix Ins. Co. v. McCormick, 542 So.2d 1030, 1031-32 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989) (actual notice was timely and finding strict compliance not required where the insured admits actual notice). Cf. Country Manors Ass'n, Inc. v. Master Antenna Sys., Inc., 534 So.2d 1187 (1988) (failure to strictly comply was admitted).
Plaintiffs argue that Travelers did not send a timely reservation of rights letter and did not retain independent counsel, mutually agreeable to the parties. See Am. Empire Surplus Lines Ins. Co. v. Gold Coast Elevator, Inc., 701 So.2d 904, 906 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997) (finding no strict compliance with requirement to retain mutually agreeable counsel where the insured was not informed of this right and was not consulted in any way). The record shows, however, that Travelers provided a timely reservation of rights letter in August 2007, advising Shelter Cove regarding the policy exclusions, including fraud and the requirement to obtain consent to settle, which were potentially implicated by the facts alleged in the complaint, and also
The undisputed record shows that Travelers did not refuse to defend but provided a defense; Shelter Cove failed to obtain consent to settle; and Travelers neither unreasonably refused consent to settle nor provided an inadequate defense.
Accordingly:
1. Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment (doc. 52) is
2. Plaintiffs' Motion for Summary Judgment (doc. 57) is
3. The Clerk is directed to enter judgment accordingly, tax costs against the Plaintiffs, terminate all pending motions, and close the file.