MELTON, Justice.
Following a jury trial, Eric Castro ("Castro") was found guilty of malice murder, two counts of felony murder, and various other offenses in connection with the death of two-year-old Kailee Parker. Heather Parker ("Parker"), Kailee's mother, was found guilty of two counts of felony murder, both predicated on the offenses of cruelty to children
1. Viewed in the light most favorable to the jury's verdict, the record shows that Kailee died on Monday, June 25, 2012, from significant and repeated trauma to the head and face while she was under the exclusive care of Castro and Parker. External bruising to Kailee's face, a skull fracture extending across the back of her skull, subdural hemorrhaging, and brain swelling indicated that Kailee's injuries resulted from her being slammed against a surface such as a floor or a wall, and that her injuries could not have resulted from her falling off of a toilet or onto some stairs. The injuries that Kailee sustained would have caused her death within a matter of hours. Kailee had also sustained an older injury to her head that was separate and distinct from those injuries that had caused her immediate death. Symptoms from this older injury included nausea, loss of consciousness, and lack of alertness.
In addition to being the only people who were taking care of Kailee on the day that she died, Castro and Parker were also Kailee's primary caregivers during the week leading up to her death. During that time, there were several instances of, and signs of, Kailee being physically abused. On the Monday before Kailee's death, Parker heard Castro slap Kailee while they were sitting in their car. Castro hit Kailee again on Wednesday, while trying to make her stay in her room. On Thursday, Castro was taking care of Kailee when she became sick and vomited. Later that day, Parker noticed a bruise on Kailee's back and shoulder, which Castro claimed resulted from Kailee falling against the television. Parker took Kailee to her aunt's house for a visit on Friday, where Kailee fell and hit her forehead on some brick steps. Although the fall was minor, when Kailee's aunt went to visit Kailee at Castro and Parker's home the next day, she noticed that Kailee had a big "goose egg" bruise on her forehead and that Kailee had black eyes. There was also a general worsening of Kailee's condition on Saturday that included her being very weak, acting distant, and vomiting. Castro convinced Parker not to take Kailee to the hospital because of the possibility that the Department of Family and Children Services would become involved due to Kailee's bruises.
On Sunday evening, Castro struck Kailee after claiming that Kailee had stuffed too much food in her mouth. Kailee had also been nauseated throughout the day and vomited just before bed time. Castro cleaned Kailee up and forced her to sleep on the floor in Parker's bedroom, wrapping her tightly in a bed sheet and covering her with a blanket. Later, Parker was awakened by thumping
Late Monday morning, the day that Kailee died, Parker and Castro tried to feed Kailee once more, after which she made a gurgling sound, spit the food out, and vomited in her bowl. Castro told Parker that Kailee needed to go to the hospital, but Parker refused to take her there because Parker had a 2:00 p.m. appointment that afternoon and said that she would not have time to take Kailee to the hospital.
Later that day, Adam Dempsey saw Castro walking down a road near his home while carrying a limp Kailee in his arms. Dempsey stopped to offer help and observed that Kailee was not breathing, and he could not detect a pulse. Dempsey also saw that Kailee was covered in bruises, mostly on her head and chest. Dempsey called emergency services. Shortly thereafter, paramedics arrived and rushed Kailee to the hospital, where she died.
The evidence was sufficient to enable a rational trier of fact to find Castro guilty of all the crimes of which he was convicted beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979).
2. Castro contends that the trial court erred by allowing into evidence autopsy photographs of Kailee's skull, showing a skull fracture and hemorrhaging. However, Castro did not object at trial to the admission of this evidence. Therefore, he has waived review of this issue on appeal. Zamora v. State, 291 Ga. 512(3), 731 S.E.2d 658 (2012).
3. The evidence recited above was also sufficient for a rational trier of fact to find Parker guilty of the crime of which she was convicted beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson, supra. Indeed, in light of Parker's knowledge of Kailee's condition and the evidence of abuse that Parker witnessed, the jury was authorized to conclude that Parker's refusal to take Kailee to the hospital on the day that she died "directly and materially contributed to the happening of a subsequent accruing immediate cause of [Kailee's] death, or that the injury materially accelerated the death, although proximately occasioned by a pre-existing cause." (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Chua v. State, 289 Ga. 220, 229(1)(b), 710 S.E.2d 540 (2011). See also State v. Jackson, 287 Ga. 646, 654(3), 697 S.E.2d 757 (2010) ("Proximate causation imposes liability for the reasonably foreseeable results of criminal ... conduct if there is no sufficient, independent, and unforeseen intervening cause").
Parker argues that the trial court erred by reading the definitions for the separate felony counts against her at the same time that it read the jury instructions on the felony murder counts. Specifically, Parker asserts that, by reading the definitions for the separate felonies in this manner, the jurors could have been led to believe that they were obligated to find Parker guilty of felony murder even if they only found Parker guilty of one of the predicate felonies. We disagree.
The record reveals that, while giving its jury instructions for felony murder and the predicate felonies, the trial court repeatedly emphasized that the definitions for each crime were to be used separately in determining whether Parker was guilty or not guilty of each of the counts. The court reiterated later in the charge that the "[c]onviction of one offense doesn't necessarily require conviction of another." Furthermore, when the court asked the jurors whether they understood that they could consider each charge separately, the jurors replied in the affirmative. Considering the charge as a whole, as we must, we find no error. See, e.g., Johnson v. State, 289 Ga. 650(5), 715 S.E.2d 99 (2011).
Judgments affirmed.
All the Justices concur.