BRANCH, Judge.
North Druid Development, LLC and North Druid Development II, LLC (collectively "NDD") filed suit in Cobb County Superior Court against the surveying firm of Post, Buckley, Schuh, & Jernigan, Inc. ("Post, Buckley"), asserting a claim for professional negligence. When NDD failed to respond to Post, Buckley's initial discovery requests, the surveying firm moved for the sanction of dismissal with prejudice or, in the alternative, an order compelling discovery. NDD did not file a response to the motion and the trial court thereafter granted Post, Buckley's motion and dismissed the complaint with prejudice. NDD now appeals from the order of dismissal, arguing that the trial court erred when it struck the affidavit of NDD's former counsel, which was submitted in support of NDD's motion to vacate or set aside the order of dismissal and which was filed on the day the court heard that motion. NDD also asserts that, given the circumstances of this case, the trial court abused its discretion by entering the ultimate sanction of dismissal with prejudice. For reasons explained below, we find that the trial court erred in striking the affidavit of NDD's counsel, thereby refusing to afford NDD an opportunity to be heard on the merits of the sanctions motion before deciding that motion. Accordingly, we vacate the order of dismissal and remand the case for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
The relevant facts are largely undisputed. The record shows that NDD filed its complaint on March 3, 2010, and Post, Buckley filed an answer and counterclaims on April 7. One week later, on April 15, 2010, Post, Buckley served NDD with its first interrogatories and first request for production of documents. Although responses to these discovery requests were due on May 18, the parties agreed to a two-week extension, making NDD's responses due on June 1, 2010. When NDD failed to meet this deadline, counsel for Post, Buckley wrote NDD's attorney asking NDD to comply with the discovery requests and noting that Post, Buckley "would prefer to resolve this situation without resorting to court involvement." Approximately one month later, on July 16, 2010, Post, Buckley's lawyer sent a second letter to NDD outlining NDD's failure to respond to discovery requests and demanding that such responses be provided no later than July 21. When NDD did not respond to this letter, Post, Buckley filed a motion under OCGA § 9-11-37(d) asking that NDD's complaint be dismissed with prejudice or, in the alternative, that the court enter an order compelling NDD's discovery responses. After this motion was filed, NDD did respond to Post, Buckley's requests to produce by providing it with a number of documents. NDD, did not, however, file a response to Post, Buckley's motion or request a hearing thereon; provide Post, Buckley with written responses to its discovery requests; or seek an additional extension of time in which to provide those responses.
On September 8, 2010, Post, Buckley's lawyer wrote a letter to the trial court in which it set forth the foregoing facts and characterized NDD's production of documents as "limited" and "grossly inadequate and largely unresponsive."
On July 18, 2013, almost three years after the entry of final judgment, NDD filed a motion to vacate or, in the alternative, to set aside the dismissal order on the grounds that NDD had never been served with a copy of that order and had therefore been deprived of its right to appeal. The trial court scheduled a hearing on NDD's motion for 9:00 a.m. on October 4, 2013. On the morning of the hearing, NDD filed the affidavit of Eric Lang, the attorney who had represented NDD in filing the complaint and during discovery. Lang's affidavit set forth, among other things, the reasons for NDD's failure to comply fully with Post, Buckley's discovery requests and a general description of the documents that NDD had produced. At the hearing on NDD's motion, the trial court struck Lang's affidavit and refused to consider it, explaining that it would not consider the merits of the sanctions motion, but would instead limit the hearing to the question of whether the order of dismissal should be set aside on procedural grounds.
1. We first address NDD's contention that the trial court erred in striking the Lang affidavit and refusing to consider the merits of the sanctions motion. With respect to this claim of error, we note that trial courts are afforded broad discretion to control discovery and to impose sanctions for a party's failure to comply with discovery requests, and this Court will not reverse a trial court's ruling on such matters absent an abuse of that discretion.
McConnell v. Wright, 281 Ga. 868, 869, 644 S.E.2d 111 (2007), quoting Tenet Healthcare, 273 Ga. at 211(3), 538 S.E.2d 441. Neither step of this process occurred in the current case.
First, although Post Buckley's motion requested an order compelling discovery as an alternative to sanctions, the trial court elected to skip the first step of the process and dismissed the case rather than entering an order compelling compliance with Post, Buckley's discovery requests. Second, at Post, Buckley's urging, the trial court granted the sanctions motion without first affording NDD an opportunity to be heard on that motion. In its September 2010 letter to the trial court, Post, Buckley asserted that no hearing was necessary on its motion because NDD had ignored its discovery requests completely and had not responded to or requested a hearing on the sanctions motion. In support of its assertion that no hearing was required, Post, Buckley cited Schrembs v. Atlanta Classic Cars, 261 Ga. 182, 402 S.E.2d 723 (1991), ASAP Healthcare Network, 270 Ga.App. 76, 606 S.E.2d 98, and Johnson v. Wade, 184 Ga.App. 675, 362 S.E.2d 469 (1987). None of these cases, however, hold that a trial court may rule on a motion seeking the sanction of dismissal without affording the offending party an opportunity to be heard on that motion. Schrembs involved a plaintiff's failure to respond to a single, specific interrogatory. Following a hearing, the trial court granted the defendant's motion to compel and entered an order requiring the plaintiff to respond to the interrogatory. When the plaintiff continued her refusal to respond, the defendant moved for the sanction of dismissal with prejudice and the trial court granted that motion without holding a second hearing. Schrembs, 261 Ga. at 182, 402 S.E.2d 723. The Supreme Court of Georgia affirmed the order of dismissal, finding that a hearing on the sanctions motion was not required because the plaintiff had already been afforded the opportunity, at the hearing on the motion to compel, to explain her reasons for not answering the single interrogatory at issue and had offered no justification for her conduct. Id. at 183, 402 S.E.2d 723.
In ASAP Healthcare Network, this Court reiterated the rule that "`[t]he imposition of
While its brief does not address directly the issue of whether the trial court could grant its sanctions motion without a hearing, Post, Buckley does appear to argue again that such a hearing is not necessary where a party has failed completely to respond to any discovery requests. Post, Buckley contends that under such circumstances, the trial court may infer that the offending party's conduct was willful. But in two of the four cases on which Post, Buckley relies to support its assertion that a trial court may infer willfulness from a party's failure to respond to discovery, the offending party had failed to comply with a court order compelling discovery and had been afforded a hearing on the sanctions motion. See Gropper v. STO Corp., 276 Ga.App. 272, 623 S.E.2d 175 (2005) (hearing held on the motion for sanctions); Kemira v. Amory, 210 Ga.App. 48, 51(1), 435 S.E.2d 236 (1993) (trial court held two hearings on the sanctions motion and allowed an officer of the non-complying corporate defendant to "explain the circumstances of [the company's] failure to file timely responses"). In the remaining two cases on which Post, Buckley relies, the trial court entered the sanction of dismissal without first entering a motion to compel. See Deep South Constr. v. Slack, 248 Ga.App. 183, 546 S.E.2d 302 (2001); Fisher v. Bd. of Commrs. of Douglas County, 200 Ga.App. 353, 354, 408 S.E.2d 120 (1991). But neither Slack nor Fisher states whether the trial court held a hearing before entering the sanctions order. In the absence of any evidence to the contrary, we must presume that the trial courts in those cases followed the law and provided the nonmovant with an opportunity to be heard. See Hall v. Nelson, 282 Ga. 441, 442(2), 651 S.E.2d 72 (2007) ("in the absence of any contrary showing, it must be presumed that the trial court followed the law"). Thus, none of the cases on which Post, Buckley relies support the proposition that a court may infer wilfulness from a party's failure to respond to discovery requests without affording the offending party an opportunity to explain its conduct.
Moreover, even assuming that a party's complete failure to respond to discovery could negate the offending party's right to be heard on a sanctions motion, it does not appear that such a complete failure occurred in this case. The record shows that NDD did produce a number of documents in response to Post, Buckley's discovery requests, although it did so after the sanctions motion
In light of the foregoing, the court below abused its discretion when it struck the Lang affidavit and refused to afford NDD an opportunity to explain the circumstances of its failure to respond fully to Post, Buckley's discovery requests. See Taylor v. Marshall, 321 Ga.App. 752, 753, 743 S.E.2d 444 (2013) (trial court abused its discretion by granting motion to strike parties' complaint under OCGA § 9-11-37(d) without first conducting a hearing to determine that the discovery violations were wilful); Loftin v. Gulf Contracting Co., 224 Ga.App. 210, 215(3), 480 S.E.2d 604 (1997) (trial court abused its discretion when, at hearing on sanctions motion, it refused to allow the offending party to explain the reasons for his failure to comply with discovery). Accordingly, we vacate the order dismissing NDD's complaint with prejudice and remand this case for proceedings consistent with this opinion, including a hearing on the merits of Post, Buckley's motion for sanctions or, in the alternative, for an order compelling discovery. See Barrego v. OHM Remediation Svcs. Corp., 245 Ga.App. 389, 390(2), 537 S.E.2d 774 (2000).
2. In light of our holding in Division 1, we need not address NDD's remaining claim of error.
Judgment vacated and case remanded.
BARNES, P.J., and BOGGS, J., concur.
Post, Buckley has moved for reconsideration, arguing that this Court ignored relevant law interpreting OCGA § 9-11-60(g) when we held that the trial court erred in striking the affidavit of appellants' former attorney, Eric Lang.
Post, Buckley's MFR, however, fails to acknowledge the decision in Games Bros. v. Cox, 243 Ga.App. 863, 864, 534 S.E.2d 547 (2000) (physical precedent only). In Games Bros., a panel of this Court held that where the order at issue was an order of dismissal entered as a sanction for a discovery violation, then after setting aside and re-entering the original order the trial court could vacate the order of dismissal. As Games explained:
243 Ga.App. at 864, 534 S.E.2d 547.
Carnes Bros, may be in conflict with Cambron and/or Vangoosen. Whether such a conflict exists, however, is not an issue we need to decide in this case. Assuming arguendo that Cambron prohibited the trial court from considering the merits of the sanctions motion in conjunction with NDD's motion to vacate or set aside the order of dismissal, that fact would not change the outcome of this appeal.
Although a trial court has broad discretion to impose sanctions for a party's failure to comply with discovery requests, an abuse of that discretion occurs where the trial court fails to follow the law. See Ma this v. BellSouth Telecommunications, 301 Ga.App. 881, 881, 690 S.E.2d 210 (2010). The trial court therefore abused its discretion and
NDD enumerated two errors, one of which was that the trial court erred in striking the Lang affidavit. In support of that enumeration, NDD noted that in opposing NDD's motion to vacate the order of dismissal, Post, Buckley had "focused primarily on the merits of the underlying discovery dispute giving rise to the vacated order" and that NDD had therefore "filed and served the initial Affidavit of Eric Lang to address, among other things, issues concerning the merits of the underlying discovery issue." NDD further argued that "[w]hile [NDD] contend[s] that the trial court improperly struck any part of the Lang Affidavit, there is no basis for striking that portion of the Lang Affidavit, specifically including ¶ 8 and its subparagraphs, responding to the underlying discovery issues raised by [Post, Buckley] in its brief" opposing the motion to vacate the order of dismissal. Thus, in support of its assertion that the trial court erred in striking the Lang affidavit, NDD argued that it was entitled to be heard on the underlying sanctions motion. Under Georgia law, we were obligated to address that argument. See Felix v. State, 271 Ga. 534, 539, 523 S.E.2d 1 (1999) (noting that an error is by definition a specific ruling of the trial court and holding that an appellate court is obligated to address all legal arguments made in support of an enumerated error, even if each specific legal argument was not set forth as a separate enumeration). See also Biederbeck v. Marbut, 294 Ga.App. 799, 800-801(2), 670 S.E.2d 483 (2008) ("appellate courts have `a statutory duty to discern what errors an appellant is attempting to articulate' based on `the notice of appeal, the record, the enumeration of errors, or any combination of the foregoing'"), quoting Felix, 271 Ga. at 538, 523 S.E.2d 1; Strickland v. State, 165 Ga.App. 197, 199(2), 300 S.E.2d 537 (1983) (even where an appeal is not "as artfully drawn as might be desired," this Court has a "duty to consider what it perceives to be the substance of the enumerations").