BRANCH, Judge.
The Higbee Company and its codefendants appeal a punitive damages judgment entered against them following a jury verdict for plaintiff Damien Solomon in this false imprisonment and malicious prosecution case. The appellants contend that punitive damages were not allowed under OCGA § 51-12-6 because Solomon's entire injury was to his peace, happiness, or feelings. We agree with the trial court that the appellants waived this challenge, and we affirm.
Solomon was arrested and charged with shoplifting two pairs of jeans from a Dillard's department store. The charges were eventually nolle prossed for insufficient evidence. Solomon brought a complaint for malicious prosecution, false imprisonment, and punitive damages against The Higbee Company, which owned the Dillard's store;
The case proceeded to a bifurcated trial, with the first part focusing on the issues of liability, compensatory damages, and whether the conduct of Dillard's warranted an award of punitive damages. At the close of the evidence, Dillard's sought a directed verdict as to Solomon's claim for punitive damages on the ground that there was insufficient evidence from which the jury could conclude that Dillard's had acted in bad faith.
Following a charge conference, the court instructed the jury on compensatory damages, as follows:
The court further charged the jury that punitive damages may be warranted in a tort action if the plaintiff proved by clear and convincing evidence that the defendants' actions showed, among other things, willful misconduct.
The verdict form did not ask the jury to determine the amount of punitive damages, if any, at that point. Dillard's agreed to the form.
After deliberating, the jury returned a verdict for Solomon and awarded him $250,000 in compensatory damages. In addition, the jury checked the "yes" box in answer to the question of whether punitive damages should be awarded. The court then excused the jury to discuss with counsel the procedure for the punitive damages phase of the trial. Toward the end of the discussion, counsel for Dillard's stated: "Inasmuch as the entire damages award to Plaintiff was to his peace and happiness, ... any award of punitive damages is duplicative and ... [t]he jury can no longer consider punitives in this case." Solomon's attorney conceded that "[t]here are no lost wages or medical bills," but argued that punitive damages were nevertheless available. The trial court elected to proceed with the second phase of the trial and consider Dillard's objection later. The jury then heard evidence and argument about the financial circumstances of Dillard's, after which it returned a punitive damages verdict in the amount of $350,000. Dillard's orally renewed its objection to the award of punitive damages, but the court reserved ruling.
Dillard's subsequently filed a written motion for new trial and for j. n. o. v., reiterating its argument that punitive damages were unavailable as a matter of law because Solomon's entire injury was to his peace, happiness, or feelings. The trial court denied the motion, ruling that although this assessment of Solomon's injury "may be correct," Dillard's had waived its argument by not objecting to the first verdict form and not making the argument until after the jury had already returned a verdict finding that Solomon should be awarded punitive damages. This timely appeal followed.
Dillard's contends that the trial court erred by denying its motion for j. n. o. v. or new trial because punitive damages were not available here as a matter of law. Dillard's relies upon OCGA § 51-12-6, which provides:
Thus, where the only injury is to a plaintiff's peace, happiness, or feelings, punitive damages are not allowed and evidence of the defendant's worldly circumstances is not admissible. Holland v. Caviness, 292 Ga. 332, 337, 737 S.E.2d 669 (2013). Assuming without deciding that Solomon's entire injury was to his peace, happiness, or feelings, we agree with the trial court that Dillard's waived its objection to the availability of punitive damages.
"In order to preserve a point of error for the consideration of an appellate court, counsel must take exception to the alleged error at the earliest possible opportunity in the progress of the case by a proper objection made a part of the record." Womack v. Johnson, 328 Ga.App. 543, 544-545(1), 762 S.E.2d 428 (2014) (citation and punctuation omitted; emphasis in original). An objection to a jury charge must be asserted before the jury returns its verdict, or else it is waived. Vaughn v. Protective Ins. Co., 243 Ga.App. 79, 81(1), 532 S.E.2d 159 (2000); see also Milum v. Banks, 283 Ga.App. 864, 869(1), 642 S.E.2d 892 (2007) (party could not complain on appeal about an issue being submitted to the jury where he did not timely "object to the issue going to the jury").
Although Dillard's moved for a directed verdict on punitive damages at the close of the evidence, the basis for its motion was that there was insufficient evidence that it had acted in bad faith, not that punitive damages were unavailable as a matter of law because Solomon's entire injury was to his peace, happiness, or feelings. Dillard's did not object to the proposed punitive damages charge either before or after the trial court gave it. It did not object beforehand to the bifurcated trial procedure required in punitive damages cases. See OCGA § 51-12-5.1(d). And it did not object to the proposed verdict form providing for an award of punitive damages. Instead, Dillard's waited until after the jury had returned a verdict finding that Solomon should receive punitive damages to protest that such damages were not available. This belated protest was, in essence, a motion for judgment notwithstanding the jury's verdict that punitive damages were warranted — a motion Dillard's orally renewed after the jury's verdict on the amount of punitive damages and eventually submitted in written form.
But a motion for j. n. o. v. must be based on grounds previously raised in a motion for directed verdict. James E. Warren, M.D., P.C. v. Weber & Warren Anesthesia Svcs., 272 Ga.App. 232, 234(1), 612 S.E.2d 17 (2005). As noted, Dillard's did not seek a directed verdict on the ground that punitive damages were unavailable as a matter of law because Solomon's entire injury was to his peace, happiness, or feelings. Accordingly, it was foreclosed from raising that argument in its subsequent oral and written motions for j. n. o. v., and we cannot consider the argument on appeal. Southern Land Title v. North Ga. Title, 270 Ga.App. 4, 7(2), 606 S.E.2d 43 (2004); see also Little v. Chesser, 256 Ga.App. 228, 231-233(3), 568 S.E.2d 54 (2002) (defendant waived right to challenge punitive damages award — despite plaintiff's prior stipulation that such damages were not available — by failing to raise it until after jury returned verdict of punitive damages).
Dillard's argues that there was no waiver here for several reasons. First, it maintains that Solomon's punitive damages award constituted a double recovery, and "a claim that a verdict was an impermissible double recovery as a matter of law" cannot be waived. City of Roswell v. Bolton, 271 Ga.App. 1, 8(5), 608 S.E.2d 659 (2004) (citations omitted); but see Wolf Camera v. Royter, 253 Ga.App. 254, 260(2), 558 S.E.2d 797 (2002) (rejecting defendant's argument that jury charge on punitive damages in malicious prosecution case led to double recovery because "a defendant cannot complain of a decision to which his conduct contributed") (citations omitted). This "double recovery" argument assumes that OCGA § 51-12-6 damages for injury to the plaintiff's peace, happiness, or feelings are a form of punitive damages. That was true under the former version of the statute, which permitted the jury to consider "the worldly circumstances of the parties" and "the amount of bad faith in the transaction." Westview Cemetery v. Blanchard, 234 Ga. 540, 544(2)(B), 216 S.E.2d 776 (1975) (citations and punctuations omitted). But the current version of OCGA § 51-12-6 does not permit the jury to consider such evidence; thus, the damages awarded thereunder are not punitive in nature. Pampattiwar v. Hinson, 326 Ga.App. 163, 171-173(3), 756 S.E.2d 246 (2014).
Second, Dillard's contends for the first time in its appellate reply brief that its alternative pleading of its written j. n. o. v.
Finally, Dillard's asserts that the trial court was bound by its prior concession that Dillard's had preserved its argument that the issue of punitive damages should not have been submitted to the jury. When Dillard's orally renewed its request for j. n. o. v. after the jury returned its second verdict fixing the amount of punitive damages, the following exchange occurred:
We decline to rule that this passing comment by the trial court, made in the context of her observation that briefing was needed, constituted a final, binding ruling as to whether Dillard's had waived its argument.
Because Dillard's waived the argument that it raises on appeal, we affirm the award of punitive damages in this case.
Judgment affirmed.
ANDREWS, P.J., concurs.
MILLER, J., concurs in judgment only.