HUGH LAWSON, Senior District Judge.
Before the Court is Plaintiffs' Motion for Conditional Certification of a FLSA Collective Action. (Doc. 18). For the following reasons, Plaintiffs' motion is granted.
The Plaintiffs in this case are temporary agricultural guest workers admitted into the United States from Mexico under the H-2A visa program for the purpose of performing agricultural work at Defendants' farms in and around Colquitt County, Georgia in 2011, 2012, 2013. In order to participate as an employer under the H-2A program, Defendants were required to file a temporary labor certification with the United States Department of Labor ("DOL") and to include a job offer, or "job order." 20 C.F.R. §§ 655.133 and 655.130. The job order, which constitutes the employment contract, contains the terms of employment. 20 C.F.R. §§ 655.103(b) and 655.122. In the requisite job orders, Defendants promised any worker hired by Defendants at least the Adverse Effect Wage Rate ("AEWR"), which was $9.12 in 2011, $9.39 in 2012, and $9.78 in 2012. Defendants likewise promised to pay wages without deduction of items for the employer's benefit or without reducing an employee's wages by shifting costs to the employer. The contract also agreed that workers would be reimbursed for travel costs as required by 20 C.F.R. § 655.122(h).
In Count I of their Second Amended Complaint, Plaintiffs allege that in 2011, 2012, and 2013, Defendants breached the terms of the job orders submitted to the DOL and provided to Plaintiffs and others similarly situated and willfully violated the Fair Labor Standards Act ("FLSA") by failing to reimburse Plaintiffs various immigration and travel-related expenses, including visa and processing fees in excess of $150 per season, lodging and subsistence expenses, bus fare, and border patrol fees incurred during the journey from Mexico to Defendants' place of business in Georgia. Plaintiffs allege that when these expenses were subtracted from their first week's pay, as required by law, Plaintiffs' and other similarly-situated employees' earnings were near or below zero, falling below the required average minimum wage for the relevant pay period. Plaintiffs further allege violations of the FLSA based on Defendants' practice of paying Plaintiffs' and other employees based on the quantity of produce harvested or packed.
Plaintiffs request conditional class certification for all H-2A workers employed by Defendants in 2011, 2012, and 2013. Plaintiffs additionally move the Court to (1) approve for distribution the proposed collective action notice attached as Exhibit A to Plaintiffs' Memorandum of Law; (2) order Defendants to produce the names and last known permanent addresses of all workers employed under the terms of the H-2A job orders in 2011, 2012, and 2013; (3) require Defendants to post the collective action notice in the worker housing barracks and dining hall; and (5) grant Plaintiffs' counsel five (5) months from the date by which Defendants produce the names and address for distribution of the court-approved notice to potential opt-in Plaintiffs.
The collective action provisions of the FLSA permit employees to bring claims on behalf of themselves and others who are similarly situated. 29 U.S.C. § 216(b). Unlike a class action suit filed under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23, which requires those who do not desire to be a member of the class to opt-out, employees who wish to participate in a collective action pursuant to Section 216(b) must affirmatively opt-in and consent in writing to becoming a party.
The decision to grant a class conditional certification rests within the sound discretion of the district court.
This case remains in the notice phase. While discovery in the case commenced in mid-October, 2014 (Doc. 52), at the time Plaintiffs filed their motion for class certification, Defendants had not yet even been served with a copy of Plaintiff's original or amended complaint. Plaintiffs' also filed their reply brief to Defendants' response in opposition to the motion on October 3, 2014, the same date the parties were required to make their Rule 26(a) initial disclosures. Defendants argue that based on their submission of limited self-generated payroll information relating to some of the purported class members that a heightened and less lenient standard applies.
Accordingly, the Court's decision whether to grant conditional certification shall be based on the pleadings and affidavits submitted by the parties, and a more flexible standard applies.
In order to satisfy the first requirement, Plaintiffs must affirmatively demonstrate that other employees wish to opt-in.
Plaintiffs next must establish that they are similarly situated to the proposed class members. In order to create an opt-in class under § 216(b), the named plaintiffs must show that they are suing on behalf of themselves and other "similarly situated" employees.
The Court is satisfied that Plaintiffs have made the necessary showing that the proposed class members are "similarly situated." Plaintiffs and the purported class members were all farmworkers employed under the terms of the same written job orders. They had the same job title, performed similar work planting harvesting, or packing produce, were paid by Defendants under the same pay scheme, and allegedly suffered the same FLSA violations. Defendants attempt to distinguish the claims of Plaintiffs based on allegations that some Plaintiffs received partial reimbursement and others none at all. Taking into account the lenient standard applicable in determining whether to grant class certification, the Court does not agree that this distinction destroys the similarity requirement. The Court further finds based on the affidavits supplied by one of the named Plaintiffs and one of the opt-in Plaintiffs sufficiently establishes a reasonable basis for Plaintiffs' claims that the alleged FLSA violations were classwide.
Defendants additionally argue that conditional class certification is inappropriate because all of the named and opt-in Plaintiffs currently participating in this litigation were fully reimbursed for all of their inbound travel and visa expenses. (Doc. 43, p. 5). Accordingly, Plaintiffs' claims are moot, and they are not entitled to any form of relief. In support of this assertion, Defendants attached self-generated payroll documents. Plaintiffs responded to Defendants' arguments by producing additional affidavits and paystubs received by two of the named Plaintiffs and two opt-in Plaintiffs that directly contradict the evidence produced by Defendants and document noticeable inconsistencies in the record keeping.
It is not clear to the Court at this juncture whether or not any of the Plaintiffs were, in fact, reimbursed or partially reimbursed for their travel or visa expenses. The documents put forth by the parties do not appear to be in accord. The issue of payment is at the heart of this case, and it is a factor that will be more thoroughly developed in discovery so that the Court later may make a more sound determination about how any alleged payment impacts certification if Defendants later move for decertification.
Plaintiffs seek conditional certification for a proposed FLSA class consisting of: "All individuals employed by Defendants under the terms of the 2011, 2012, or 2014 H-2A contracts." (Doc. 18). Defendants contend that the proposed class is overbroad and must be limited only to those claims cognizable under the FLSA. (Doc. 43, p. 11). Specifically, Defendants state that the class should be restricted to include only Plaintiffs who allegedly were not reimbursed inbound travel expenses and should exclude any potential claims for return expenses.
Defendants rely on
The Court approves for distribution the proposed notice. Defendants shall have two weeks from the entry of this Order to produce the full names and permanent address for all workers whom Defendants employed under the terms of an H-2A job order in 2011, 2012, and 2013. Plaintiffs' counsel shall have five (5) months from the entry of this Order to distribute the approved notice and file opt-in Plaintiffs' consent to sue forms. Finally, Defendants shall post the approved notice at their worker housing barracks and dining hall.
For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiffs' Motion for Conditional Certification (Doc. 18) is granted, and the Court approves for distribution the proposed notice. Within two weeks from the date of this Order, Defendants shall produce to Plaintiffs the full names and permanent address for all workers whom Defendants employed under the terms of an H-2A job order in 2011, 2012, and 2013. Plaintiffs' counsel shall have five (5) months from the entry of this Order to distribute the approved notice and file opt-in Plaintiffs' consent to sue forms. Finally, Defendants shall post the approved notice at their worker housing barracks and dining hall.