G.R. SMITH, Magistrate Judge.
Jimmy Lee Everett has filed a motion for 28 U.S.C. § 2255 relief raising four issues. (Doc. 1.
Everett was named in three federal indictments in 2007 and 2008. First, he was charged in December 2007 as one of 23 defendants who conspired to steal vehicles, change their identification numbers, and then sell them for a profit. United States v. Patterson, No. CR607-031, doc. 1. Specifically, he was indicted for conspiracy, trafficking in vehicles with altered identification numbers, trafficking in stolen vehicles, and possession of counterfeit vehicle titles. Id., doc. 1; (Presentence Investigation Report ("PSI") ¶¶ 1-7).
Everett claims that his retained counsel, Michael J. Classens, rendered ineffective assistance of counsel at both sentencing and on appeal by failing to properly contest four components of his combined PSI:
(Doc. 1 at 4.)
Everett's briefs are rambling and at times difficult to follow. His primary brief in support of his § 2255 motion is disorganized, changes heading styles seemingly at random, and bleeds argument on one point into others. Nevertheless, the Court will address every contention made in his prolix 41-page brief. S.D. Ga. LR 7.1(a) ("Absent prior written permission of the Court, no party shall file any brief or legal memorandum in excess of twenty-five (25) pages in length.").
The PSI states that Everett was involved in the theft of 23 vehicles and the associated total intended loss was $803,419.39, although the actual loss was closer to $332,450.29. (PSI ¶ 90.) Since the total intended loss fell between $400,000 and $1,000,000, Everett received a 14-point offense level enhancement. (PSI ¶ 111.) According to Everett, Classens should have objected to the inclusion of some of the vehicles since the related transactions were entirely undertaken by other conspirators, and he also should have objected to the district court's inflated valuation of the vehicles.
In support of his effort to lower his guidelines offense level (by reducing the loss amount below $400,000), Everett first claims that the government promised to hold him accountable only for the vehicles which were "directly" attributable to him. (Doc. 2 at 19-20.) He argues that he bears no responsibility for ten of the vehicles which his co-conspirator, Troy Edenfield, sold to Randall Chambers, since those transactions occurred without his direct involvement. (Doc. 2 at 19.) Six more were only arguably attributable, but he admits involvement in the remaining seven. (Id. at 19-20.)
The government correctly asserts that no such promise was memorialized in the record. Nothing was mentioned in his plea agreement (CR607-031, doc. 668), nor was it discussed at Everett's Rule 11 hearing. (CR607-031, doe. 826.) In fact, at the Rule 11 hearing Everett affirmed that no one had made him any promises outside those stated in the plea agreement. (Id. at 17.) Everett's position is further eroded by a tape recorded conversation with Edenfield where he admitted that he had direct knowledge of the sales from Edenfield to Chambers and others; Edenfield called him about every single car. (PSI objections.) In fact, Everett recalled during a proffer interview that he had cooperated to sell the vehicles to Chambers and had received an equal share of the profits for several of the vehicles. (PSI ¶ 71.) So even if the government made such a promise, its definition of "direct involvement" would likely cover those transactions.
In response to the government's showing, Everett has shifted gears: He now asks the Court to take his word for it that even if the government made no such promise, Classens nevertheless conveyed it to him. (Doc. 11 at 12.) He thus suggests that his plea was not knowingly or voluntarily entered.
Everett also contends that the vehicles were overvalued and Classens should have raised such a challenge.
Since Everett's claims are meritless, Classens did not render deficient performance for failing to pursue them. Consequently, Everett's first claim fails.
Next, Everett insists that he was not a leader in the criminal enterprise but merely a manager, and he thus did not deserve a four point enhancement under USSG § 3131.1. (Doc. 2 at 25.) Classens, according to Everett, rendered deficient performance for failing to argue the matter properly. (Id.) Everett cites the basic law on the issue, but he has not offered any facts suggesting that he did not deserve the leadership enhancement. Instead, he simply insists that Classens rendered deficient performance by failing to mount a successful challenge against the enhancement or preserve it through appeal. (Id. at 26-26.) As such, it is entirely conclusory and fails to state a claim for § 2255 relief. See, e.g., Caderno, 256 F.3d at 1217.
Moreover, Classens raised the issue on appeal, and the Court of Appeals explained:
Everett, 368 F. App'x at 954. To the extent Everett suggests that Classens could have better undermined the factual support for the enhancement, his argument is contradicted by the record, including his own admissions.
Next, Everett contends that Classens rendered deficient performance by failing to raise proper objections to the loss amount in the embezzlement case.
The government no longer has access to the appropriate bank records, but it does not deny that a South Carolina Bank & Trust account was established after those particular checks were transacted. (Doc. 8 at 20-21.) It speculates, however, that Everett could have cashed the checks prior to opening the account, the payment could have been drawn on his customers' accounts at SCBT, or he may have fraudulently received and cashed cashiers' checks drawn by that bank in the course of the scheme. (Id.) More importantly, however, it puts Everett to his Strickland burden. As it points out, Everett has not suggested that the transactions were not fraudulent and were thus not properly counted towards TPM's total loss amount under § 2B1.1. Without some plausible explanation here, the Court cannot find that Classens' failure to challenge the attribution was prejudicial. In other words, while the PSI might have contained mistaken information as to how the transactions occurred, it does not necessarily show that the transactions should not have been counted in the total loss amount. Absent some explanation from Everett suggesting that the money did not constitute ill-gotten gains from TPM, he cannot satisfy Strickland's prejudice requirement. Hence, this claim also fails.
On this claim familiarity with the prior order (doe. 13) is presumed. The crux of the dispute boils down to one factual issue: if Colleen Thompson, Everett's business partner at TPM, had knowledge that Everett was opening a bank account at Sea Island Bank (an account he later used for embezzling) and signed the paperwork allowing its creation, then the USSG § 2B1.1(b)(10)(C)(i) enhancement does not apply, and Classens likely rendered deficient performance by failing to pursue the issue further at sentencing or on appeal. (Id. at 7-8.) On the other hand, if she signed the forms authorizing the account's creation under false pretenses arising from his deception, the enhancement would apply. (Id.)
The government has submitted an affidavit from Thompson stating that she had no knowledge that her signature was used to open the Sea Island bank account. (Doc. 14, doc. 14-1 (Thompson Aff.).) She admits, however, that she signed a deposit account agreement and corporate authorization resolution. (Doc. 14-1 at 4.) She states that she now sees the boxes for "new" and "checking" were checked and that the resolution allowed Everett to open any deposit account in the name of the corporation, but she states that she relied on Everett to describe the purpose of the documents and he lied to her, saying the bank simply needed the forms to update contact information. (Id. at 4-5.) Everett insists that she did know the true purpose of the forms and that she approved the opening of a checking account since one was required to obtain a loan the company sought. (Doc. 16 at 11-12.)
Since there is a fundamental conflict in this new evidence, the Court must hold a hearing on this matter. Anderson v. United States, 948 F.2d 704, 706 (11th Cir. 1991) (unless the record is adequate to show conclusively that the movant's contentions are without merit, the district court must conduct a hearing). In addition to resolving this factual dispute, the Court will entertain further argument on whether the enhancement applies at all when the "means of identification" stolen belonged to a business rather than an individual. Compare United States v. Hilton, 2010 WL 2926055 at *1..3 (W.D.N.C. July 23, 2010) (collecting cases applying the enhancement where defendant stole a business's "means of identification), with Alfano v. United States, 592 F.Supp.2d 149, 156-60 (D. Me. 2008) (suggesting that the enhancement did not encompass corporations).
For the foregoing reasons, the undersigned will recommend that Grounds 1-3 be
Under the performance prong, the reasonableness of an attorney's performance is to be evaluated from counsel's perspective at the time of the alleged error and in light of all the circumstances. Id. at 690. It is generally appropriate to look to counsel's performance throughout the case in making such a determination. Kimmelman v. Morrison, 477 U.S. 365, 386 (1986). The movant carries a heavy burden, as "reviewing courts must indulge a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of professional assistance; that is, the defendant must overcome the presumption that, under the circumstances, the challenged action might be considered sound trial strategy." Id. at 689. Indeed, Everett must show that "no competent counsel would have taken the action that his counsel did take." Ford v. Hall, 546 F.3d 1326, 1333 (11th Cir. 2008), quoting Chandler v. United States, 218 F.3d 1305, 1315 (11th Cir. 2000) (en banc).
For the prejudice prong he must show that there was a reasonable probability that the results would have been different but for counsel's deficient performance. Kimmelman, 477 U.S. at 375; Strickland, 466 U.S. at 696. "A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694; see also Lightbourne v. Dugger, 829 F.2d 1012, 1022 (11th Cir. 1987); Boykins v. Wainwright, 737 F.2d 1539, 1542 (11th Cir. 1983).