ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT

LESLIE E. KOBAYASHI, District Judge.

Before the Court is Plaintiff Daniel Habel's ("Plaintiff") Motion for Partial Summary Judgment ("Motion"), filed November 1, 2011. Defendants Grove Farm Fish & Poi, LLC, doing business as Hukilau Foods ("Grove Farm"), M/V Wailoa HA 533CC, and Same Smell HA 0737CC (collectively "Defendants") filed their memorandum in opposition on January 23, 2012, and Plaintiff filed his reply on January 30, 2012. This matter came on for hearing on February 13, 2012. Appearing on behalf of Plaintiff were Howard McPherson, Esq., and David Fairbanks, Esq., and appearing on behalf of Defendants were Mark Hamilton, Esq., and Michael Nakano, Esq. After careful consideration of the Motion, supporting and opposing memoranda, and the arguments of counsel, Plaintiff's Motion is HEREBY GRANTED IN PART AND DENIED IN PART for the reasons set forth below. The Motion is GRANTED as to Plaintiff's Jones Act seaman status and the applicability of United States Coast Guard commercial diving operations regulations, and DENIED in all other respects.

BACKGROUND

Plaintiff was employed as a diver and offshore crewman by Grove Farm from April 2009 to February 2010. Grove Farm raises moi fish in open-ocean cages off of Ewa Beach, Oahu, and owns and operates in rem defendants M/V Wailoa HA 533CC ("Wailoa"), and the Feed Barge Same Smell HA 0737CC ("Feed Barge"). Plaintiff alleges that, during the course of his employment, Grove Farm failed to provide a safe place in which to work, including a lack of commercial diving safeguards and procedures required by law. Plaintiff's Complaint alleges: (1) Jones Act negligence pursuant to 46 U.S.C. § 30104 (Count I); (2) unseaworthiness (Count II); and (3) maintenance, cure, and found (Count III). [Complaint at ¶¶ 2-18.]

I. Plaintiff's Motion

Plaintiff seeks partial summary judgment on the grounds that: (1) Grove Farm is liable under the Jones Act based on violations of United States Coast Guard ("Coast Guard") diving regulations; and (2) comparative fault is not an available defense to that liability.

According to Plaintiff, he suffered diving decompression sickness ("DCS" or "the bends") in the course of his employment with Grove Farm. With respect to his duties, he states that he contributed to the mission of both vessels, helping with mooring lines, piloting, and maintaining engines and equipment during his employment. He also performed commercial diving tasks staged from Wailoa, which transported divers to Grove Farm's offshore site. [Pltf.'s Concise Statement of Facts ("CSF"), Declaration of Daniel L. Habel ("Habel Decl."), at ¶¶ 2-10, 14-19.] Plaintiff spent 95% to 98% of his time on the vessels or diving from them. [Pltf.'s CSF, Second Declaration of Daniel L. Habel ("Second Habel Decl."), at ¶¶ 3-5.]

Plaintiff states that Grove Farm: permitted scuba diving outside the no-decompression limits on a daily basis and scuba diving below 130 feet at least two or three times per week; did not have a decompression chamber, decompression or treatment tables, or breathing gas for treatment of decompression sickness on site; and did not have work rules ensuring proper detection or reporting of DCS. [Habel Decl. at ¶¶ 9-13.] According to Plaintiff's expert, Dr. Robert Sanders, Grove Farm's workplace practices were contributing causes of Plaintiff's DCS. [Pltf.'s CSF, Declaration of Robert S. Sanders ("Sanders Decl."), at ¶ 5.]

Plaintiff states that he first suffered what he believed to be DCS symptoms in October or November of 2009 after a specific dive deeper than 130 feet at the offshore cages, and felt a sharp and intense pain in his right arm, which he reported to his co-workers and supervisor. He asserts that he was told that the company was short-staffed, which he understood to mean that he needed to keep working. He says he was never told that he should seek decompression sickness treatment. In January 2010, after surfacing from a dive from the Wailoa, he experienced more severe DCS, including numbness and weakness in his right hand and arm, which he reported to his supervisor, Harry Lynch. Mr. Lynch told him that he needed to finish work for the day and could seek recompression treatment the following day; because he wanted to keep his job, Plaintiff complied with his instruction and stayed at work. The next day, he was treated by Dr. Saunders at the Hyberbaric Treatment Center in Honolulu. He states that he initially got relief from his symptoms, but they returned within twelve hours after treatment and have not abated since. He was disqualified from diving in January 2010. [Habel Decl. at ¶¶ 11, 14-20.]

A. Seaman Status

Plaintiff first argues that he satisfies the test for Jones Act seaman status as a matter of law because he: (1) contributed to the mission of the two vessels in navigation, Wailoa and Feed Barge; and (2) had a substantial connection to the vessels in navigation, spending nearly all of his work time in the service of Wailoa and Feed Barge for nine months. [Mem. in Supp. of Motion at 4-6.]

B. Statutory Violations Constitute Negligence Per Se

Plaintiff next argues that Coast Guard commercial diving operations regulations create mandatory legal duties under the Federal Employer's Liability Act ("FELA"), 45 U.S.C. §§ 51-60, which is applicable in Jones Act cases. [Id. at 2 (citing Kernan v. Am. Dredging Co., 355 U.S. 426, 439, 78 S.Ct. 394, 2 L.Ed.2d 382 (1958)).] Plaintiff maintains that FELA § 51 provides the basis for employer liability here, and that liability is established when an employer's violation of a statutory duty is a contributing cause of injury. [Id. at 7 (citing Kernan, 355 U.S. at 437-39, 78 S.Ct. 394 (1958)); MacDonald v. Kahikolu, 442 F.3d 1199, 1203 (9th Cir.2006).]

Plaintiff states that Coast Guard regulations relating to commercial diving operations applied to his diving work staged from Wailoa because Wailoa is required to have a certificate of inspection issued by the Coast Guard as a "towing vessel" subject to inspection. [Id. at 8 (citing 46 U.S.C. §§ 2101(40), 3301(15), and 3311(a); 46 C.F.R. § 197.202).] He alleges the following regulatory violations:

• 46 C.F.R. § 197.430, which provides in relevant part:

Working from Wailoa, Plaintiff claims he regularly made scuba dives outside the no-decompression limits and deeper than 130 feet salt water ("fsw"), and that Grove farm's instructing him, or even allowing him to, violated this Coast Guard regulation. [Id. at 9.]

• 46 C.F.R. § 197.314(c), which provides in relevant part:

During Plaintiff's employment at Grove Farm's offshore site, he asserts that there was no decompression chamber, no decompression or treatment tables, and no supply of breathing gas sufficient to treat decompression sickness. [Id.]

• 46 C.F.R. § 197.410, which provides in relevant part:

Plaintiff asserts that Grove Farm did not meet these requirements, and the only remaining issue is whether these violations contributed to his injury. [Id. at 10.] He argues that, under the minimal Jones Act standard for legal causation, he need only show that the employer's negligence was a contributing cause. Based on the opinion of his treating physician, Dr. Sanders, that Grove Farm's alleged statutory violations played a part in causing his injury, Plaintiff argues that he has satisfied this standard. [Id. at 11 (citing Sanders Decl. at ¶ 5).]

C. Statutory Violations Bar Comparative Fault Defense

Next, Plaintiff argues that the defense of comparative fault is barred under FELA § 53, which provides that: "No ... employee who shall be injured ... shall be held to have been guilty of contributory negligence in any case where the violation... of any statute enacted for the safety of employees contributed to the injury...." [Id. at 12.] He states that he meets the five-element test set forth in Fuszek v. Royal King Fisheries, Inc., 98 F.3d 514, 516 (9th Cir.1996), for application of this section because: (1) Grove Farm violated Coast Guard regulations; (2) Plaintiff, as a commercial diver, was an intended beneficiary; (3) the Coast Guard regulations were designed to prevent the diving injury Plaintiff suffered; (4) the unexcused nature of the regulatory violation relating to safety; and (5) Plaintiff established causation. [Id. at 12-13.]

II. Defendants' Memorandum in Opposition

Defendants argue in their memorandum in opposition that Plaintiff is not entitled to summary judgment on his negligence per se claim because the cited Coast Guard regulations do not apply, and, at the time of the alleged incidents, the Coast Guard did not require inspection of Defendants' vessel. [Mem. in Opp. at 1.]

With respect to the factual record, Defendants contend that Plaintiff did not disclose that he had suffered DCS prior to his employment and would not have been hired as a diver had he disclosed this fact because it makes a diver more susceptible to future problems with DCS. [Defs.' CSF, Declaration of Harry W. Lynch ("Lynch Decl."), at ¶ 3.] As a diver, Plaintiff was responsible for inspecting, repairing, and cleaning cages; feeding and monitoring the feeding of the fish; removing dead fish; and harvesting the fish for market. While Plaintiff was an employee, divers provided their own equipment except for dive computers that were provided by Defendants. The dive computers told the divers the depth of their dive, time at depth, total length of dive, proper ascent rate, nitrogen absorbed, water temperature, and the available dive time for a no-decompression dive. The dive computers also calculated rest periods based on dive decompression tables stored in the computers, and provided no-decompression limits for repetitive dives. Harry Lynch, Defendants' Offshore Manager, was in charge of maintaining dive equipment, and states that he regularly checked the dive computers to make sure they were functioning properly. [Id. at ¶¶ 5-8.]

According to Mr. Lynch, Defendants' offshore farm site consisted of four cages. The tops of the cages were 30 feet below the surface, the bottoms of the cages were 85-90 feet below the surface, and the ocean bottom lies 100-140 feet below the surface. All dives were purportedly monitored by a dive supervisor who was responsible for ensuring everyone was diving safely, and were planned to prevent the divers from exceeding no-decompression limits. Supervisors observed and questioned divers throughout the day checking for problems, and a diver reporting DCS symptoms would have been sent to the nearest decompression chamber immediately. Mr. Lynch declares that, contrary to Plaintiff's claims, divers did not dive outside no-decompression limits and did not dive to or below 130 fsw two to three times a week as part of their job. He states that he never ordered Plaintiff to dive to 130 fsw or deeper, and if Plaintiff did so, he did so without the knowledge or permission of Defendants. [Id. at ¶¶ 9-17.]

Defendants maintain that they held safety meetings to discuss safety issues, including the need to report any accidents or injuries immediately, and the location and availability of the nearest decompression chamber was discussed. Mr. Lynch states that dive/decompression tables were kept on Wailoa, and also available on the dive computers. An oxygen tank/kit was also kept aboard Wailoa in case of emergency. [Id. at ¶¶ 18-20.]

According to Defendants, Plaintiff did not report the alleged October/November incident to Randy Cates, the Chief Executive Officer, or Mr. Lynch, thus, Defendants were not aware of an October/November DCS incident. Mr. Lynch states that was he not in Hawai`i when the incident occurred, and that he learned of it from other employees after Plaintiff sought treatment, and then he told Mr. Cates. [Id. at ¶¶ 21-22.]

A. Negligence Per Se

Defendants first argue that the Coast Guard regulations cited by Plaintiff do not apply here because the Coast Guard has never required Wailoa to have a certificate of inspection and it was not an inspected vessel when Plaintiff was an employee.

Defendants note that the Coast Guard and Maritime Act of 2004 amended 46 U.S.C. §§ 3301 et seq. to add towing vessels to the classes of vessels that require inspection. Other than this general rule, however, they argue that the statute was silent as to what particular cases came within the rule prescribed by Congress. Instead, it authorized the Coast Guard to establish regulations for implementing the new requirement. They argue that this is an instance in which Congress enacted a statute that has no force of its own without the administrative adoption of implementing regulations. [Id. at 8 (citing California Bankers Assoc. v. Shultz, 416 U.S. 21, 26, 94 S.Ct. 1494, 39 L.Ed.2d 812 (1974)).] Defendants note that, in amending 46 U.S.C. § 3301, Congress stated that:

[Id. at 9 (quoting H.R. Conf. Rep. 108-617, 2004 U.S.C.C.A.N. at 953).] Defendants argue that the statute itself did not establish requirements for a certificate of inspection for Defendants' vessel, Wailoa. Instead, pursuant to 46 U.S.C. § 3306, it provided the Coast Guard authority to fashion the necessary regulations. Defendants point to 46 U.S.C. § 3306(a), which provides that, "[t]o carry out this part [46 U.S.C § 3301 et seq.] and to secure the safety of individuals and property on board vessels subject to inspection, the Secretary shall prescribe necessary regulations to ensure the proper execution of and to carry out this part [46 U.S.C § 3301 et seq.] in the most effective manner[.]" Section 3306(j) grants the Secretary discretion in determining the requirements for inspection stating that the Secretary "may establish by regulation a safety management system appropriate for the characteristics, methods of operation, and nature of service of towing vessels." [Id. at 10.]

Defendants argue that 46 U.S.C. § 3301(15), the section of the statute cited by Plaintiff as requiring inspection of Wailoa, is dependant on the Coast Guard's pending regulations to determine whether vessels like Wailoa are subject to inspection, and if so, the nature and scope of the inspection. They claim that the Coast Guard regulations governing the inspection of towing vessels have not been established and were not in effect while Plaintiff was employed. For example, on October 15, 2010, the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2010 was enacted as Public Law 111-281, Title VII, § 701(c), 124 Stat. 2980, and provides that "[n]o later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking regarding inspection requirements for towing vessels required under Section 3306(j) of Title 46, United States Code. The Secretary shall issue a final rule pursuant to that rulemaking no later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act." On August 11, 2011, the Coast Guard promulgated a "Notice of Proposed Rulemaking," seeking "`to establish safety regulations governing the inspection, standards, and safety management systems of towing vessels[,]'" and the Notice states the Coast Guard proposes "`to establish a comprehensive safety system that includes company compliance, vessel compliance, vessel standards, and oversight in a new Code of Federal Regulations subchapter dedicated to towing vessels.'" [Id. at 11 (quoting Federal Register Doc. 2011-18989 at 49976, 49978, available at http://www. gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-08-11/pdf/ 2011-18989.pdf).]

Defendants maintain that the dive operations regulations cited by Plaintiff do not apply because all of Defendants' dive operations took place from an uninspected vessel. They argue that, 46 C.F.R. § 197.202, the commercial diving operations regulation cited by Plaintiff, applies only to vessels engaged in deepwater port or Outer Continental Shelf operations. [Id. at 12-13 (citing 46 C.F.R. § 197.202(a)).] Defendants argue that Wailoa was not engaged in deepwater port or Outer Continental Shelf diving operations, and therefore, 46 C.F.R. § 197.202 does not apply to Wailoa. [Id. at 13 (citing Declaration of Paul J. Larson ("Larson Decl."), at ¶ 16).]

C. Questions of Fact

Finally, Defendants argue that they did not allow Plaintiff to dive outside of no-decompression limits or deeper than 130 fsw. According to Mr. Lynch, in addition to the dive decompression tables available on the dive computers, decompression tables and an oxygen tank/kit were kept on Wailoa. Defendants maintain that divers did not dive outside no-decompression limits and did not dive to or below 130 fsw two to three times a week as part of their job as Plaintiff claims. Moreover, Defendants argue they never ordered Plaintiff to dive to 130 fsw or deeper, and if Plaintiff did so, he did so without the knowledge or permission of Defendants. Defendants assert that they required divers to report any accidents or injuries immediately, and made sure the divers were aware of the location and availability of the nearest decompression chamber, and any diver reporting DCS symptoms would have been sent to the nearest decompression chamber immediately. [Id. at 15 (citing Lynch Decl.).] Defendants argue that, although the regulations do not apply to their dive operations, even if they did, Defendants did not violate the regulations.

III. Plaintiff's Reply

In his reply, Plaintiff argues that the Motion should be granted in part and denied in part. First, he notes that Defendants do not offer any facts to dispute Plaintiff's Jones Act Seaman status, and therefore, that issue should be resolved in his favor. Next, he acknowledges that Mr. Lynch's Declaration creates issues of fact regarding whether Defendants violated the Coast Guard regulations, and, by extension, barring the defense of comparative fault. Plaintiff argues, however, that the remaining issue before the Court is purely legal, and that he is entitled to summary judgment on the issue of the applicability of the Coast Guard diving regulations to Defendants' operations. Plaintiff asks the Court to grant the Motion as to Plaintiff's Jones Act status and application of the diving regulations, and deny the Motion as to violation of the regulations and barring the defense of comparative fault. [Reply at 1.]

As to the applicability of the inspection requirements, Plaintiff argues that Defendants are incorrect that they have no force of law until the Coast Guard promulgates regulations to implement 46 U.S.C. § 3301(15). [Id. at 4.] He also argues that liability attaches based on violation of diving regulations promulgated in 1978, not upon the as yet un-promulgated towing regulations. [Id. at 5-6.] According to Plaintiff, the relevant statute, 46 U.S.C. § 3301(15), is wholly independent of Plaintiff's claims based on the Coast Guard diving regulations. That is, no further promulgation is required by the Coast Guard to perfect Plaintiff's claims; Congress' enactment of 46 U.S.C. § 3301(15) rendered those regulations applicable to Defendants' vessel, by operation of law. [Id. at 6-7.]

To the extent Defendants argue that the Coast Guard will not be promulgating towing regulations applicable to Wailoa, Plaintiff states that the record indicates that the vessel will not be exempt, only that the Coast Guard intends to use a staggered implementation plan that will include all towing vessels. [Id. at 9-11.]

As to Defendants' claim that the regulations apply only to inspected vessels operating in or around a deepwater port or the Outer Continental Shelf, Plaintiff maintains that all vessels required to undergo Coast Guard inspection are covered under the Coast Guard diving regulations, regardless of their geographic location. [Id. at 12-13.]

With respect to Defendants' reliance on Mr. Larson's Declaration, Plaintiff argues that his legal opinions should be stricken. [Id. at 5.]

In summary, Plaintiff argues he is entitled to summary judgment on the applicability of the Coast Guard diving regulations because: (1) 46 U.S.C. § 3301(15) was effective upon enactment in 2004; (2) Mr. Larson's expert Declaration should not be considered; (3) the cases cited by Defendants are distinguishable or irrelevant; (4) the Coast Guard does not intend to exempt any towing vessel, and has not power to legally do so; (5) Wailoa does not fit any purported exemption; and (6) all inspected vessels are covered, regardless of location. [Id. at 15.]

STANDARD

Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(a), a party is entitled to summary judgment "if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law."

Rodriguez v. Gen. Dynamics Armament & Technical Prods., Inc., 696 F.Supp.2d 1163, 1176 (D.Hawai'i 2010) (some citations omitted).

DISCUSSION

I. Jones Act Negligence

A. Seaman Status

Plaintiff asserts that he is a Jones Act seaman as a matter of law. The Court agrees.

Nguyen v. Nguyen, 837 F.Supp.2d 1137, 1142-43, Civil No. 10-00320 LEK-RLP, 2011 WL 3793344, at *5-6 (D.Hawai'i Aug. 24, 2011).

The record shows that Plaintiff contributed to the mission of the two vessels in navigation, Wailoa and Feed Barge and (2) had a substantial connection to the vessels in navigation, spending at least 95% of his time in the service of Wailoa and Feed Barge. Defendants did not offer any argument or evidence to the contrary. Based on Plaintiff's uncontroverted showing on summary judgment, the Court finds that Plaintiff is a seaman under the Jones Act. The Motion is GRANTED as to Plaintiff's seaman status.

B. Liability Based on Regulatory Violations

The parties agree that an issue of fact exists as to whether Defendants are liable for negligence per se because there is conflicting evidence regarding causation and whether Defendants violated the Coast Guard regulations at issue. Plaintiff maintains that he is entitled to summary judgment on the legal issue of whether those regulations apply in this matter. Regulatory violations may establish negligence per se as follows:

Fuszek v. Royal King Fisheries, Inc., 98 F.3d 514, 516 (9th Cir.1996).

MacDonald v. Kahikolu Ltd., 442 F.3d 1199, 1203 (9th Cir.2006).

The parties dispute whether the Coast Guard regulations cited by Plaintiff in his Motion apply to the Defendants, and whether Wailoa was an "inspected vessel." The Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2004, § 415, added "towing vessels" to 46 U.S.C. § 3301. Pub.L. No. 108-293, § 415, 118 Stat. 1028 (Aug. 9, 2004). The Court agrees with Plaintiff that § 3301(15) classifies all "towing vessels" as vessels subject to Coast Guard inspection, and that the action of classification was complete and effective upon enactment in 2004. Although Wailoa is not required to be inspected by current Coast Guard regulations, it does not follow that Wailoa is not a "towing vessel" subject to § 3301(15).1 That is, § 3301(15) brings Defendants' vessel Wailoa within the reach of the inspection statute, regardless of the ultimate inspection regime to be established by as-yet unpromulgated regulations. See United States v. Massachusetts, 440 F.Supp.2d 24, 35 (D.Mass.2006), reversed on other grounds, 493 F.3d 1 (1st Cir.2007) (rejecting Defendants argument that towing vessels do not fall within the scope of a different statute because towing vessels are not actually inspected, and stating: "[w]hether towing vessels are actually inspected by the Coast Guard or whether the Coast Guard has promulgated regulations on the inspection of towing vessels is irrelevant").

On the current record, the Court finds that Wailoa is a "towing vessel" for purposes of 46 U.S.C. § 3301(15). The parties do not dispute that Wailoa actually towed the Feed Barge up to twice a week, round-trip, from Honolulu Harbor to the offshore cages. [Habel Decl. ¶¶ 5-6; Mem. in Opp. at 11-12 (addressing Wailoa's "occasional tow of the feed barge" and "intermittent towing of the feed barge").] Further, 46 U.S.C. § 2101(40) — which is part of the same Subtitle II ("Vessels and Seaman") as § 3301, and defines terms used within the subtitle — states that "`towing vessel' means a commercial vessel engaged in or intending to engage in the service of pulling, pushing, or hauling alongside, or any combination of pulling, pushing, or hauling alongside." Wailoa clearly falls within the plain meaning of this applicable statutory definition.

Moreover, 46 U.S.C. § 3302 lists vessels that are exempt from inspection under § 3301; the parties do not dispute that none of the exemptions applies to Wailoa. The vessel Wailoa therefore falls within the purview of § 3301(15) as a towing vessel, and is not otherwise exempt under § 3302. Because the Court finds that Wailoa is a towing vessel and is not exempt from inspection, Wailoa is a "a vessel subject to inspection under this part...." 46 U.S.C. § 3311(a).

To the extent Defendants argue that the commercial diving operations regulations set forth in 46 C.F.R., Part 197, Subpart B do not apply pursuant 46 C.F.R. § 197.202, the Court disagrees. The regulation regarding applicability states in pertinent part, that:

46 C.F.R. § 197.202(a) (emphasis added). Defendants argue that Wailoa was not engaged in deepwater port or Outer Continental Shelf diving operations, and therefore, 46 C.F.R. § 197.202 does not apply to Wailoa. The Court agrees with Plaintiff that, under its plain meaning, the regulation instead applies to (1) all vessels required to have a certificate of inspection, regardless of location, or (2) all vessels, inspected or uninspected, connected with a deepwater port or engaged in activities on the Outer Continental Shelf.2 As discussed above, Wailoa falls under the category of "all vessels required to have a certificate of inspection," pursuant to § 3301(15). It is therefore irrelevant whether Wailoa engaged in deepwater port or Outer Continental Shelf diving operations.

The Court therefore CONCLUDES that the Coast Guard commercial diving operations regulations set forth in Subpart B of 46 C.F.R. §§ 197.200 through 197.488 apply to Defendants' diving operations from the vessel Wailoa. Plaintiff's Motion is GRANTED with respect to this issue.

III. Negligence and the Comparative Fault Defense

Plaintiff acknowledges that Mr. Lynch's Declaration creates issues of fact regarding whether Defendants violated the Coast Guard regulations, and, by extension, barring the defense of comparative fault. With respect to Jones Act liability and the defense of comparative fault, the Court finds that there are disputed issues of fact regarding the depth of Plaintiff's dives while working for Defendants, whether Plaintiff performed any dives outside of no-decompression limits, and whether he was injured while at work for Defendants or on his own time. The Motion is DENIED with respect to these issues, and all other issues raised in the Motion, but not specifically addressed above.

CONCLUSION

On the basis of the foregoing, Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, filed November 1, 2011, is HEREBY GRANTED IN PART as to Plaintiff's status as a seaman under the Jones Act, and as to the applicability of United States Coast Guard commercial diving operations regulations. The Motion is DENIED in all other respects.

IT IS SO ORDERED.