GUTIERREZ, Judge.
Patricia J. Thompson appeals from the district court's order affirming the magistrate's denial of Patricia's motion for relief from judgment and granting Ronald L. Thompson's motion to dismiss and award of attorney fees. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
Patricia and Ronald stipulated to a judgment and decree of divorce on July 23, 2013. The magistrate entered its judgment and decree of divorce on August 21, 2013. The judgment states, "[Patricia] shall own, control and as beneficiary be entitled to continue in effect, at her sole expense, the current Term Life Policy on [Ronald]." The judgment also states, "Each party shall execute any and all documents necessary to effectuate the terms and conditions set forth herein."
Ronald moved to dismiss pursuant to I.R.C.P. 12(b)(6), arguing Patricia's motion for relief from judgment failed to state claims upon which relief could be granted. Both sides filed affidavits in support of their arguments. Patricia moved for time to conduct discovery pursuant to I.R.C.P. 56(f),
Patricia appealed to the district court. The district court affirmed the magistrate's decision, holding Ronald did not owe Patricia any duty with regard to the life insurance policy and awarding attorney fees to Ronald. Patricia timely appeals from the district court's order.
Patricia asserts the district court erred in affirming the magistrate's denial of both Patricia's motion for relief from judgment and her motion for continuance, as well as granting Ronald's motion to dismiss and award of attorney fees. For an appeal from the district court, sitting in its appellate capacity over a case from the magistrate division, this Court's standard of review is the same as expressed by the Idaho Supreme Court. The Supreme Court reviews the magistrate record to determine whether there is substantial and competent evidence to support the magistrate's findings of fact and whether the magistrate's conclusions of law follow from those findings. Pelayo v. Pelayo, 154 Idaho 855, 858-59, 303 P.3d 214, 217-18 (2013). If those findings are so supported and the conclusions follow therefrom, and if the district court affirmed the magistrate's decision, we affirm the district court's decision as a matter of procedure. Id. Thus, the appellate courts do not review the decision of the magistrate. Bailey v. Bailey, 153 Idaho 526, 529, 284 P.3d 970, 973 (2012). Rather, we are procedurally bound to affirm or reverse the decision of the district court. Id.
Patricia first argues the district court erred in affirming the magistrate's denial of her motion for relief from judgment. The decision to grant or deny a motion for
On appeal, Patricia argues she has a valid claim for equitable relief pursuant to I.R.C.P. 60(b)(5). Idaho Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(5) states: "On motion and just terms, the court may relieve a party ... from a final judgment ... [if] applying [the judgment] prospectively is no longer equitable." Thus, Rule 60(b)(5) requires a movant to show: "(1) that the judgment is prospective in nature; and (2) that it is no longer equitable to enforce the judgment as written." Meyers v. Hansen, 148 Idaho 283, 289, 221 P.3d 81, 87 (2009); Rudd v. Rudd, 105 Idaho 112, 118, 666 P.2d 639, 645 (1983). Though "the definition of a prospective judgment can be elusive and circular," Meyers, 148 Idaho at 290, 221 P.3d at 88, with no definitive test, a judgment is prospective and modifiable under Rule 60(b)(5) "if it is susceptible to the legal or equitable rights of the parties as they evolve due to changes in law or circumstances." Meyers, 148 Idaho at 290, 221 P.3d at 88; see Fix v. Fix, 125 Idaho 372, 378, 870 P.2d 1331, 1337 (Ct. App. 1993) (holding divorce decree requiring a husband to assign one-half of his oil well royalties was prospective in nature because it required the husband to actually assign the royalty rights and such assignment had not yet been made). The typical prospective judgment is an injunction or restraining order; however, when seeking to change a divorce decree, the crux of the matter is that the judgment has prospective application. Rudd, 105 Idaho at 118, 666 P.2d at 645.
Patricia asserts this case is similar to Rudd. In that case, the parties stipulated to a judgment and decree of divorce, which ordered that property be sold and the proceeds divided between the parties. Id. at 114, 666 P.2d at 641. The sale never occurred, and the property became "so scattered and deteriorated that a sale of such property [was] impractical." Id. at 118 n.11, 666 P.2d at 645 n.11. The wife sought relief from the judgment. Id. at 118, 666 P.2d at 645. The Idaho Supreme Court held the judgment was prospective in nature because "it contemplated a sale of the parties' property at some time in the future," and enforcing the judgment as written was no longer equitable because "by the time the motion for a final division of property was made much of the personal property had either disappeared or become worthless." Id. at 119, 666 P.2d at 646. Patricia asserts the judgment in this case is prospective in nature because it could not be fully applied until Ronald assigned the life insurance policy to Patricia. Moreover, she asserts enforcing the judgment as written is no longer equitable because Ronald allowed the policy to lapse without assigning it to Patricia.
The district court held the judgment is not prospective in application. The court stated:
We agree. The judgment states, "[Patricia] shall own, control and as beneficiary be entitled to continue in effect, at her sole expense, the current Term Life Policy on [Ronald]." Upon entry of the judgment, Patricia took legal control of the life insurance policy, thus satisfying that provision of the judgment. Any prospective action by the parties (such as the execution of documents) only served to document Patricia's ownership of the policy with the insurance company. While, the judgment did require that Patricia and Ronald cooperate with each other in providing any documentation necessary to implement parts of the decree, it did not require Ronald to assign the policy at some future date for Patricia to have legal control of the life insurance policy. This requirement to cooperate did not make the clause awarding the policy to Patricia one of prospective application. Thus, the judgment is not prospective, but instead a declarative judgment.
Patricia also asserts Ronald breached his fiduciary duty and/or the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing associated with the parties' stipulation by failing to forward Patricia notices regarding the life insurance policy prior to and after the entry of the judgment.
Ronald owed Patricia a marital fiduciary duty until the marriage's termination. See Smith v. Smith, 124 Idaho 431, 440, 860 P.2d 634, 643 (1993). Moreover, the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing associated with the stipulation applied until the entry of the judgment. See Phillips v. Phillips, 93 Idaho 384, 386, 462 P.2d 49, 51 (1969). However, Ronald's failure to forward notices, if there were any, prior to the entry of the judgment did not breach either Ronald's marital fiduciary duty or the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing associated with the stipulation because it is undisputed that the life insurance policy was in effect on August 21, 2013, the day the court entered the judgment. Also, it is undisputed that between the dates of the stipulation and entry of judgment, Patricia had contacted the insurance company and received confirmation that the policy was in effect through August 2014. In such case, any notice regarding the status of the life insurance policy prior to that date would have merely informed Patricia the policy was in effect.
Patricia's argument also fails to the extent it asserts Ronald breached the terms of the judgment or the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing associated with the judgment by failing to forward Patricia notices regarding the life insurance policy, if there were any, after the entry of the judgment. The judgment states, "[Patricia] shall own, control and as beneficiary be entitled to continue in effect, at her sole expense, the current Term Life Policy on [Ronald]." The judgment also states, "Each party shall execute any and all documents necessary to effectuate the terms and conditions set forth herein." Neither of these provisions can be
Patricia is not entitled to equitable relief from the judgment pursuant to I.R.C.P. 60(b)(5), and she has failed to show Ronald breached any duty owed to Patricia before or after the entry of the judgment. Accordingly, the district court did not err in affirming the magistrate's denial of Patricia's motion for relief from judgment.
Patricia argues the district court erred in affirming the magistrate's denial of Patricia's motion to continue. Patricia originally argued discovery would allow her to establish that at some point the insurance company sent notices regarding the life insurance policy to Ronald.
Patricia asserts the district court erred in affirming the magistrate's grant of Ronald's motion to dismiss. According to Patricia, the magistrate and the district court should have considered Ronald's motion to dismiss as a motion for summary judgment because both courts looked to affidavits outside Patricia's motion for relief from judgment.
In addressing this argument, the district court stated:
Similarly, the facts contained in the affidavits submitted with and in response to the motion to dismiss do not change this conclusion. It does not matter what standard the magistrate used to analyze Donald's motion to dismiss because the outcome would be the same under applicable standards for either a motion to dismiss or a motion for summary judgment. Accordingly, the district court did not err in affirming the magistrate's grant of Ronald's motion to dismiss.
Patricia asserts the district court erred in awarding attorney fees to Ronald and opposes Ronald's request for attorney fees on appeal. An award of attorney fees may be granted under Idaho Code § 12-121 and Idaho Appellate Rule 41 to the prevailing party, and such an award is appropriate when the court finds that the appeal has been brought or defended frivolously, unreasonably,
Patricia was not entitled to equitable relief from the judgment pursuant to I.R.C.P. 60(b)(5), and Ronald did not breach any duty owed to Patricia before or after the entry of the judgment. Thus, allowing discovery would have been futile. We affirm the district court's order affirming the magistrate's denial of Patricia's motion for relief from judgment and granting of Ronald's motion to dismiss and award of attorney fees. Pursuant to I.C. § 12-121 and I.A.R. 41, Ronald is awarded attorney fees and costs on appeal.
Chief Judge GRATTON and Judge HUSKEY concur.
I.R.C.P. 56(f) (2015) (amended 2016).