SUE E. MYERSCOUGH, District Judge.
This cause is before the Court on the Motion to Dismiss filed by Defendants Alex Gillespie, Candace Cain, Brent Ferro, Chris Doetsch, Thomas Pipkin, Joel Bluhm, and Jeremy Ball (d/e 65). Because the statute of limitations has run and the claims against these Defendants do not relate back to the date of the original pleading, the Motion is GRANTED.
In March 2008, Plaintiff, Melvin D. Watson, filed a Complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against Defendant Williamson and unknown correctional officers of the Sheriff's Department (Case No. 08-3070). In Count I, Plaintiff alleged that on July 11, 2006, he was incarcerated in the Sangamon County Jail and assaulted by five unknown inmates. According to Plaintiff, the unknown Defendant correctional officers failed to prevent Plaintiff from being physically attacked when they knew, or should have known, the attack was "impending." Plaintiff further alleged that the unknown correctional officers and Defendant Williamson demonstrated deliberate indifference to Plaintiff's safety in that they failed to maintain surveillance cameras, failed to maintain adequate supervision, and failed to prevent the attack. In Count II, Plaintiff sought punitive damages.
In September 2008, Defendant Williamson filed a motion to dismiss Count II and answered Count I. In April 2009, the Court dismissed Count II.
On April 6, 2010, Defendant filed a Motion to Dismiss for Want of Prosecution. That same day, Plaintiff filed a Motion to Voluntarily Dismiss Without Prejudice. On April 12, 2010, the Court granted Plaintiff's Motion to Voluntarily Dismiss and denied as moot Defendant's Motion to Dismiss for Want of Prosecution.
On April 7, 2011, Plaintiff refiled the Complaint against Defendant Williamson and unknown correctional officers of the Sheriff's Department for the injuries Plaintiff suffered in July 2006 (Case No. 11-3093). In Count I, brought pursuant to § 1983, Plaintiff alleged that the unknown Defendant correctional officers failed to prevent Plaintiff from being physically attacked by five other inmates when they knew, or should have known, that the attack was impending. Plaintiff further alleges that Defendant Williamson, acting in his official capacity, "engendered and promulgated a policy of deliberate indifference to avoiding harm and damages to inmates under his care, supervision, custody, and control." In Count II, titled "Assault and Battery," Plaintiff alleged that the actions of Defendant Williamson and the unknown correctional officers permitted Plaintiff to be assaulted when they knew, or should have known, the assault and injuries would take place.
On July 6, 2011, Defendant Williamson filed a Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings Pursuant to Rule 12(c), asserting that the statute of limitations had run. On August 9, 2011, this Court denied the Motion to Dismiss, finding that the refiled Complaint containing the § 1983 claim was timely because it was filed within one year of the order granting voluntary dismissal of the original action without prejudice (d/e 11).
In December 2012, Defendant Williamson filed a Motion for Summary Judgment (d/e 30). On February 5, 2013, Plaintiff filed a Motion to Add Additional Defendants (d/e 37). In his Motion, Plaintiff sought to add the following individuals: Lieutenant Kain, Officer Ferrow, Officer Pipkin, Officer Gillespie, Officer Doetsch, Officer Beninato, Officer Jans, Officer Ball, Officer Bluhm, and Officer Paoni.
In his Motion to Add Additional Defendants, Plaintiff asserted he had recently learned the identity of the correctional officers who were previously named as unknown defendants. Plaintiff asserted that, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(c)(3), he should be allowed to add these additional defendants. On February 27, 2013, this Court granted Plaintiff leave to amend the Complaint to add the additional defendants but expressly noted that the Court was not deciding whether the claims related back to the original pleading.
On March 5, 2013, Plaintiff filed the Amended Complaint naming the additional defendants (d/e 40). The Amended Complaint alleges that Defendants were deliberately indifferent to Plaintiff's safety. No state law claims were asserted in the Amended Complaint. The Amended Complaint also contains the official capacity claim against Defendant Williamson that was contained in the Complaint filed April 2011.
On April 24, 2013, Waivers of Service were executed for Defendants Gillespie, Cain, Ferro, Doetsch, Pipkin, Bluhm, and Ball. The docket sheet does not reflect whether service has been effectuated on Defendants Beninato, Jans, or Paoni.
On April 24, 2013, Defendants Gillespie, Cain, Ferro, Doetsch, Pipkin, Bluhm, and Ball (hereinafter collectively referred to as Defendants) filed a Motion to Dismiss, asserting that, because the events allegedly occurred on July 11, 2006, Plaintiff's claims against them are brought outside the applicable two-year statute of limitations.
Under Rule 12(b)(6), dismissal is proper where a complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). To state a claim upon which relief can be granted, a complaint must provide a "short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief." Fed.R.Civ.P. 8(a)(2). That statement must be sufficient to provide the defendant with "fair notice" of the claim and its basis.
Generally, the running of the statute of limitation is an affirmative defense.
Defendants move to dismiss on the ground that the claims against them are brought outside the statute of limitations. Defendants assert that naming an "unknown defendant" does not toll the statute of limitations against that defendant.
"Section 1983 does not contain an express statute of limitations, so federal courts adopt the forum state's statute of limitations for personal injury claims."
In this case, Plaintiff complains of events that occurred on July 11, 2006. Plaintiff did not seek leave to name Defendants Gillespie, Cain, Ferro, Doetsch, Pipkin, Bluhm, and Ball until February 5, 2013, well outside the statute of limitations.
In response to the Motion to Dismiss, Plaintiff asserts that the claims in the Amended Complaint relate back to the original complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(c)
Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(c)(1)(C).
In the April 2011 Complaint, Plaintiff sued Defendant Williamson, in his official capacity, alleging he "engendered and promulgated a policy of deliberate indifference to avoiding harm and damages to inmates under his care, supervision, custody, and control." Complaint, ¶ 5 (d/e 1). Plaintiff also named as defendants Unknown Correctional Officers of the Sheriff's Department and alleged that they failed to prevent Plaintiff from being attacked by five other inmates when they knew, or should have known, that the attack was impending. Complaint, ¶ 4 (d/e 1). Plaintiff clearly sought to sue Defendant Williamson in his official capacity for his alleged policy of deliberate indifference. Plaintiff also clearly sought to sue the individual defendants for their failure to prevent Plaintiff from being attacked, but he did not know their identities.
The Seventh Circuit has repeatedly held that a plaintiff's lack of knowledge about a defendant's identity is not a mistake within the meaning of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(c).
Although not mentioned by the parties, some courts have questioned whether the relatively recent Supreme Court decision in
In
The United States Supreme Court reversed. The Supreme Court held that it did not matter what the plaintiff knew or should have known. Instead, the focus was on whether Costa Crociere knew or should have known that, but for the plaintiff's error, it would have been named as a defendant.
This Court finds
Plaintiff admits that the Seventh Circuit has held that a plaintiff's lack of knowledge about a defendant's identity is not a mistake within the meaning of Rule 15(c)(1)(C). Plaintiff argues, however, that the requirements of Rule 15(c)(1)(C) should be relaxed in this case pursuant to the Seventh Circuit's decision in
In contrast here, Plaintiff sued Defendant Williamson in his official capacity on the basis of an unconstitutional policy, not because Plaintiff believed that by suing Defendant Williamson he was suing everyone involved. Therefore, unlike in
Moreover, Plaintiff has been represented by counsel in this case since he filed the Complaint in this case (April 2011) and was represented by the same counsel when he filed the original lawsuit in March 2008 (Case No. 08-3070). Consequently, the special consideration given to the pro se plaintiff in
For reasons stated above, the Motion to Dismiss filed by Defendants Alex Gillespie, Candace Cain, Brent Ferro, Chris Doetsch, Thomas Pipkin, Joel Bluhm, and Jeremy Ball (d/e 65) is GRANTED because the claims are barred by the statute of limitations. The claims against Defendants Gillespie, Cain, Ferro, Doetsch, Pipkin, Bluhm, and Ball are DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE. The Court notes that Plaintiff has not yet served Defendants Beninato, Jans, or Paoni. Plaintiff shall file a status report identifying how Plaintiff wishes to proceed with regard to those three defendants on or before July 15, 2013.