STEPHEN C. WILLIAMS, Magistrate Judge.
Before the Court is Defendants' Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (Doc. 112). Defendants seek summary judgment for Defendants Merchant, James, Sutton, Fernandez, and Crow on Plaintiff's deliberate indifference claim regarding his inhumane conditions of confinement. Defendants also seek summary judgment on Plaintiff's retaliation claim because they argue Plaintiff cannot prove that his infraction and subsequent discipline would not have occurred without retaliatory motive and because Plaintiff's claim would invalidate the discipline Plaintiff received. Plaintiff has filed a Response in opposition to the motion (Doc. 126). Based on the following, the Court
The claims in Plaintiff's Complaint occurred while Plaintiff was housed at Pickneyville Correctional Center in the summer of 2008. Plaintiff alleges that while he was housed at Pickneyville Correctional Center he was subjected to unsanitary conditions in two cells. He also alleges that Defendants retaliated against him for being a jailhouse lawyer by issuing him a disciplinary ticket. The allegations in Plaintiff's Complaint begin with a disciplinary ticket which Plaintiff received on June 10, 2008 for unauthorized movement. Plaintiff was issued the ticket at 4:30 p.m. by Defendant James as he was exiting the dining hall en route to the law library. Plaintiff stated in his deposition that as he was exiting the dining hall, James called him out of line and escorted him to segregation (Doc. 112 Ex. A at p. 28). Plaintiff stated that James never explained why he was being taken out of line, only ordered him to turn around and cuff up (Id. at p. 29). He was subsequently charged with stopping to talk to other inmates entering the dining hall while his line continued to proceed to the law library, although Plaintiff did not receive his disciplinary ticket until a few days later (Doc. 1 Ex. C; Doc. 112 Ex. A at p. 31-32).
Upon being cuffed by Defendant James, Plaintiff was escorted to receiving segregation and left in the shower area with segregation officers, at which point Defendant James left and Plaintiff never saw him again (Doc. 112 Ex. A at pp. 37-38, 68). Plaintiff was subsequently placed in Cell 23 in receiving segregation. While in Cell 23, Plaintiff said he was first subjected to sweltering heat as he believed that the heat in Cell 23 was turned on (Id. at pp. 41-43). While in this cell, he also experienced a bug infestation, with the cell being occupied by roaches, ants, and spiders. Plaintiff also complained that the cell, including the sink, walls, toilet, and floor, were covered in feces, leftover food, and saliva (Id. at p. 47). Plaintiff also noted that the electrical outlets did not work in Cell 23, so he was not able to run his fan once he received his personal property (Id.). The noise in Cell 23 was also excessive and Plaintiff could not sleep (Id. at p. 48).
On June 19, 2008 Defendant Jason Bradley conducted a search of Cell 23 (Id. at p. 72-73, 83; Doc. 1 Ex. B). Plaintiff was handcuffed and ordered out of the cell while Bradley went through Plaintiff's paperwork, scattering numerous documents on the ground (Id. at p. 74). As a result of the search, Bradley confiscated legal documents belonging to other inmates and Plaintiff was charged with a disciplinary report for possession of unauthorized information (Id. at pp. 74-75, 79; Doc. 1 Ex. B). Plaintiff stated that while Bradley went through his papers, he asked Plaintiff about the nature of his lawsuits and asked why he filed so many complaints (Id. at p. 79) Plaintiff appeared before Rick Sutton, Christel Crow, and Frederico Fernandez and pled guilty to the charge (Id. at pp. 74-75; Doc. 1 Ex. D). As a result of the charge, he was disciplined with one month loss of good time credit, one month C grade, and segregation (Id. at pp. 76-77). Plaintiff never got his good time restored, although he admits he has received additional good time since the incident for good behavior (Id.). Plaintiff alleges in his Complaint that he received the disciplinary ticket and that Defendants found him guilty because he is a jailhouse lawyer (Id. at p. 78).
As a result of his guilty finding on the disciplinary reports, Plaintiff was transferred to the segregation unit and housed in Cell 5C-69 (Id. at p. 83). Plaintiff stated in his deposition that the conditions in 5C-69 mirrored those of Cell 23 and were "deplorable" (Id. at p. 85). Plaintiff stated that while it was not hot in the cell and the electrical outlets worked (unlike in Cell 23), the rest of the conditions were the same (Id. at p. 86). The cell was covered in bodily fluids and dry leftover food, and was infested with insects (Id.).
Plaintiff noted in his deposition that many of his listed Defendants did not see him while he was in either Cell 23 or Cell 5C-69. Plaintiff noted that Jay Merchant, the assistant warden, did not speak or see Plaintiff while he was in either cell (Id. at pp. 50, 53-54, 92). Plaintiff only notes that Merchant concurred with the findings of the adjustment committee when he was found guilty of his second offense, possession of unauthorized information, and that he was the assistant warden and thus the supervisor of the prison staff (Id. at pp. 51-52. 56). Plaintiff believes that Merchant should have known of his cell conditions as he is responsible for the overall operations of the prison, but he does not have any evidence that Merchant was aware of the condition of his cell during the fourteen (14) days he was in Cell 23 (Id. at pp. 62-63, 67). As to Defendant Gregory James, Plaintiff stated that James only escorted him to the segregation unit and he did not place him in or see him in either Cell 23 or 5C-69 (Id. at pp. 68, 87). As to Defendants Rick Sutton and Frederico Fernandez, Plaintiff acknowledged that they were on the adjustment committee that heard his disciplinary ticket for unauthorized movement and possession of unauthorized contraband, but neither placed him in either cell or spoke or saw him while he was in the cells (Id. at pp. 69-72, 87-88). Plaintiff noted that Christel Crow was also on the adjustment committee and never saw Plaintiff's cell (Id. at p. 75, 81, 90)
Plaintiff, however, did note in his deposition that Jason Bradley conducted the search of his cell while he was in Cell 23 and that he did see the conditions of Plaintiff's cell at that time (Id. at pp. 72). Plaintiff stated that he pointed out the conditions of his cell while Bradley searched the cell, but turned a blind eye and informed Plaintiff that this was not a hotel (Id. at p. 81). Plaintiff did not see Bradley after he concluded the search his cell and did not see him while he was housed in 5C-69 (Id. at p. 89). Plaintiff also noted that Defendant Teresa Kisro was aware of his cell conditions in Cell 23 because she would meet with Plaintiff in his cell to discuss grievances (Id. at pp. 81-82). While she was in the cell, Plaintiff pointed out the unsanitary conditions and informed her that the electrical outlet did not work (Id. at p. 82). Kisro also met with Plaintiff while he was in 5C-69 to return grievances and observed the unsanitary conditions (Id. at p. 90-91). Plaintiff also stated that Mark Hartman went in his cell while he was housed in Cell 23 (Id. at p. 83). Hartman was also Plaintiff's counselor while he was housed in 5C-69, although Plaintiff stated that he rejected numerous grievances and refused to talk to him although he did approach his cell door on occasion (Id. at p. 91). He did try to explain the condition in his cell when Hartman came to his cell, but Plaintiff testified that Hartman would not acknowledge the conditions (Id. at pp. 91-92).
Summary Judgment is proper only "if the admissible evidence considered as a whole shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Dynegy Mktg. & Trade v. Multi Corp.
After a properly supported motion for summary judgment is made, the adverse party "must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc.
On summary judgment, the Court considers the facts in the light most favorable to the non-movant. Srail v. Vill. of Lisle
Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Merchant, James, Sutton, Fernandez, Bradley, Crow, Kisro, and Hartman violated his Eighth Amendment rights but subjecting him to inhumane conditions of confinement. Specifically, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants placed him in a cell that was subject to excessive heat and noise, infestations of insects, and exposure of bodily fluids from the previous inhabitants. The Eighth Amendment requires a minimum standard for treatment of prisoners including that prisoners are provided with humane conditions of confinement. Farmer v. Brennan
Defendants Merchant, James, Sutton, Fernandez, and Crow argue that they are entitled to summary judgment on Plaintiff's Count I for his inhumane conditions of confinement because they lack the required culpable state of mind.
However, for purposes of a condition of confinement claim, it is not enough that an official should have known of the condition or was negligent in any way. Instead, the deliberate indifference standard requires that Plaintiff had knowledge of the substantial risk. Pierson v. Hartley
Further, Plaintiff has failed to offer any evidence that anyone on the adjustment committee received this revised schedule or that the receipt of such information would make them aware of the unsanitary cell conditions allegedly in Plaintiff's cell. Nor is there any evidence that the adjustment committee even knew about the conditions Plaintiff faced. Plaintiff testified at his deposition that Defendants Sutton, Ferndandez, and Crow were on the adjustment committee that heard his disciplinary reports, none of which involved the conditions of his cell. Plaintiff also acknowledged that the Defendants were not in charge of placing him in a certain cell and that he never spoke to any of the members about his cell nor did they ever visit or even pass by Plaintiff's cell.
Further, the Court notes that Plaintiff has not raised any argument as to Defendant James. Plaintiff argues that the adjustment committee and Defendant Merchant, as assistant warden, should have had knowledge due to the revised cleaning schedule, but Plaintiff does not make any reference to Defendant James, who was not an adjustment committee member. Further, there is no evidence in the record that Defendant James was aware of the conditions in either of Plaintiff's cells. Plaintiff testified that James simply escorted Plaintiff to the segregation unit, not to any individual cell, and that he never saw James after being dropped off in segregation. There is no evidence in the record that James was aware of Plaintiff's cell conditions or that he had access to any report on cell conditions or cleaning schedules. Thus, Defendant James is also entitled to summary judgment on Count I.
Defendants claim that they are also entitled to summary judgment on Plaintiff's retaliation claim. Plaintiff alleges that he was issued a disciplinary report and sentenced to segregation in retaliation for being a "jailhouse lawyer". In order to establish a First Amendment retaliation claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must demonstrate that he was "engaged in activity protected by the First Amendment" and that he "suffered a deprivation that would likely deter First Amendment activity in the future." Bridges v. Gilbert
Defendants Bradley, Sutton, Fernandez, and Crow argue that they are entitled to summary judgment on Plaintiff's retaliation claim because his claim is barred by the Supreme Court's decision in Heck v. Humphrey
However, a prisoner may proceed on a §1983 claim when he challenges a "disciplinary sanction that does not affect the overall length of confinement" like disciplinary segregation, loss of a job, or loss of recreation time. DeWalt v. Carter
Defendants allege that Plaintiff's claim of retaliation is, in effect, barred by Heck because a finding in his favor would necessarily invalidate Plaintiff's finding of guilt as to his disciplinary report for Possession or Solicitation of Unauthorized Personal Information, which he plead guilty too. The Court agrees. The crux of Plaintiff's only remaining claim under Count II is Plaintiff's claim that Defendants retaliated against him for being a jailhouse lawyer by issuing him a disciplinary report and placing him in segregation. Plaintiff argues that the search was pretextual and that the subsequent disciplinary report and punishment stemming from that report were retaliatory in nature. A finding in favor of Plaintiff would necessarily imply that the disciplinary ticket and subsequent punishment was issued out of improper motives and thus invalid. Thus, such a finding would, implicitly, invalidate his disciplinary ticket and his punishment of a month loss of good time credit, even though it does not appear that he seeks such relief from his Complaint. Further, the Court notes that Plaintiff remains in custody at this time. Simpson,
The Court further finds that Defendants are entitled to summary judgment on this claim because Defendants have established that the challenged discipline would have occurred in any event, even in the absence of any claimed retaliatory motive. Once a plaintiff has made out a prima facie case for retaliation, the burden shifts to defendant to demonstrate that defendant's animus was not a necessary condition of the conduct, i.e. it would have happened anyway. Greene v. Do ruff
Here, Defendants argue that they are entitled to summary judgment because the disciplinary ticket would have been written absent retaliatory motive. Defendants point to the fact that upon Bradley searching Plaintiff's cell he found personal property belonging to other inmates. Plaintiff admitted in his deposition that he indeed had the materials and that he was not authorized to have the documents in his possession (Doc. 112 Ex. A at p. 75). Plaintiff also plead guilty to the offense, all of which Defendants argue demonstrates that the disciplinary ticket would have been issued absent retaliatory motive. Plaintiff argues in his Response that the Defendants' reasoning was pretextual, however, a party must show that the defendant's justification had no basis, was not the real reason for the action, or was insufficient to warrant the action. However, Plaintiff admits that he was guilty of the offense and had materials in his possession that he was not authorized to have. Thus, Plaintiff has not shown that Defendants' stated reasons were pretextual. Accordingly, the Court
The Court