BAKER, Judge.
Appellant-defendant, Victor Rybolt appeals his two convictions for Invasion of Privacy,
On May 27, 2010, the trial court entered an ex parte order of protection against Rybolt for the protection of Shonna, Rybolt's ex-wife. The protective order prohibited Rybolt from "harassing, annoying, telephoning, contacting directly or indirectly communicating [with] Shonna." State's Ex. 1. However, the order did not interfere with the child visitation orders and permitted contact between Shonna and Rybolt that related to the exchange of J.A.R., their ten-year-old son, with regard to the visitation schedule.
At some point prior to a hearing on June 28, 2010, Rybolt called Shonna about the possibility of reconciling. At the hearing, the trial court determined that Rybolt was permitted to communicate with Shonna regarding the exchange of J.A.R. as it related to visitation.
After the hearing, Shonna delivered J.A.R. to Rybolt for a scheduled visitation. Rybolt then sent Shonna a text message, inquiring as whether she would join him and J.A.R. for dinner so the two of them might reconcile. The next day, Shonna received phone calls and "several" text messages from Rybolt urging her to plan family gatherings that included him. Rybolt indicated that he wanted "to go to the boat" or "go with the kids to Kings [sic] Island." Tr. p. 19. Those conversations did not involve visitation with J.A.R.
Sometime after June 29, 2010, Shonna filed a complaint with the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department (IMPD).
Rybolt was arrested and charged with two counts of class A misdemeanor invasion of privacy. However, Part II of the State's charging information sought to elevate the charges to class D felonies because Rybolt had prior convictions for the same offense. More specifically, Count I of the charging information read:
Appellant's App. p. 14. Count II provided in part that
At a bench trial that commenced on September 1, 2010, Shonna initially testified that Rybolt spoke to her "several times" on June 28 about reconciling their marriage. Tr. p. 17. On cross-examination, Shonna testified that Rybolt contacted her "three times"
Shonna also testified on direct examination that she received several text messages and multiple telephone calls from Rybolt about family trips and possible reconciliation.
Rybolt was found guilty as charged, and he stipulated to the previous convictions. Thus, the trial court entered each conviction as a class D felony. A sentencing hearing was held on November 4, 2010, in which the trial court imposed a 730-day sentence on each count, with 716 days suspended to probation to be served concurrently. Rybolt now appeals.
As noted above, Rybolt claims that the evidence was insufficient to support his convictions because Shonna was confused about when the offenses were committed, and that she contradicted herself about the sequence of events. Hence, Rybolt maintains that his convictions must be set aside because Shonna's testimony was inherently improbable and unbelievable in accordance with the "incredible dubiosity" rule.
When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction, we consider the probative evidence and reasonable inferences that support the trial court's judgment.
On the other hand, within the narrow limits of the "incredible dubiosity" rule, we may impinge upon a fact-finder's function to judge the credibility of the witness.
To convict Rybolt of invasion of privacy, the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Rybolt; (1) knowingly or intentionally; (2) violated a protective order to prevent domestic or family violence issued under Indiana Code Section 34-26-5. I.C. § 35-46-1-15.1.
Rybolt does not dispute that he made telephone calls or sent text messages to Shonna. And the record reflects that the telephone conversations and text messages involved Rybolt's attempts at reconciliation and to be included at family gatherings. Tr. p. 18-19, 29, 32-33. Those conversations were prohibited under the protective orders.
Rybolt also does not dispute that the calls and text messages occurred on at least two separate occasions after the protective order had been issued. Indeed, although Shonna's testimony may have been somewhat confusing, the record reflects that she corrected herself as to what had actually occurred on June 28, 2010. Indeed, Shonna was aware of her initial recollection of the sequence of events and subsequently clarified her testimony as to time and sequence. Tr. p. 27. Moreover, Shonna never denied that Rybolt had committed various acts outside her place of employment. Rather, she asserted that they had occurred on a different date.
In light of the evidence that was presented, the trial court, as the finder of fact, could have drawn the reasonable inferences that Rybolt violated the protective order. We cannot say that the inconsistency or irregularity in Shonna's testimony regarding her confusion as to the exact dates of the offenses or the sequence in which they were committed was subject to the incredible dubiosity rule.
The trial court's judgment is affirmed.
MAY, J., and BRADFORD, J., concur.