TANYA WALTON PRATT, District Judge.
This matter is before the Court on a Motion to Dismiss Complaint or Alternatively, Transfer Case, filed pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 12(b)(2), 12(b)(3), and 12(b)(6) by Defendants Adrish Banerjee ("Banerjee"), Catherine Yan He ("He"), Patriot Industry ("Patriot"), and Mindpower Worldwide, Inc. ("Worldwide") (collectively "Defendants"). Plaintiff Leapers, Inc. ("Leapers") initiated this lawsuit, alleging Defendants violated the Indiana Crime Victim's Relief Act ("ICVRA"), Ind. Code § 34-24-3-1, which prohibits conversion, theft, forgery, counterfeiting, and criminal mischief. (
Leapers is a Michigan corporation that manufactures and sells shooting and hunting gear across the United States, as well as internationally. Banerjee and He are Nevada residents who own and operate Patriot, a Nevada company that sells shooting, hunting, camping and fishing related products at www.patriotindustry.com. Banerjee and He also own and operate Worldwide, a Nevada company engaged in construction project management. This case derives from Defendants' selling and shipping riflescopes, developed and designed by Leapers, into Indiana.
At some point prior to July 24, 2014, Leapers hired Continental Enterprises ("Continental"), an Indiana corporation, to investigate unauthorized third-party uses of Leapers' intellectual property rights
Thereafter, with the help of Indiana's Vanderburgh County Sheriff's Office, Leapers arranged for the arrest of Banerjee and He during a trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada. After spending one month in Las Vegas Detention Center, Banerjee and He were extradited to Indiana and subjected to criminal charges. The criminal case against Banerjee and He was ultimately dismissed and, thereafter, Banerjee and He brought a civil action against Leapers in the District of Nevada, asserting that Leapers significantly damaged their business when Leapers arranged for their arrest in front of current and potential customers at the trade show.
On April 8, 2016, Leapers filed a Complaint in this Court, contending that it did not give Defendants permission to manufacture, produce, advertise, or sell any item using Leapers' riflescope design in Indiana, or elsewhere. (
28 U.S.C. § 1404(a) provides: "[f]or the convenience of parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice, a district court may transfer any civil action to any other district or division where it might have been brought." "Transfer is appropriate under this section where the moving party establishes that (1) venue is proper in the transferor district, (2) venue is proper in the transferee district, and (3) the transfer will serve the convenience of the parties, the convenience of the witnesses, and the interests of justice." Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft v. Dee Eng'g, Inc., No. 1:02-CV-1669-LJM, 2003 WL 1089515, at *1 (S.D. Ind. Mar. 4, 2003) (citations omitted).
As an initial matter, in order for transfer to be appropriate under 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a), venue must be proper in both the transferor and transferee districts. See Dee Eng'g, Inc, 2003 WL 1089515, at *2. There is no dispute that venue is proper in the Southern Division of Nevada, however, Defendants dispute that venue is proper in the Southern District of Indiana. Defendants argue that their contacts with Indiana are minimal, random acts that are not strong enough to establish proper venue. The Court disagrees with Defendants' contention and finds that venue is proper in Indiana. Under § 1391, a civil action may be brought in "a judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred." 28 U.S.C. § 1391. The basis of Leapers' claim before this Court is that Defendants violated Indiana state law and caused Leapers' injuries when they sold and shipped riflescopes to an Indiana resident. Accordingly, venue is proper in the Southern District of Indiana, and the Court is now left to determine whether this case should be transferred based on convenience.
Defendants argue that the Court should transfer this case to the District of Nevada, Southern Division, because Nevada best serves the convenience of the parties, the witnesses, and the interest of justice. Leapers contends that a transfer of venue would merely shift any alleged inconvenience. Generally, the plaintiff's choice of forum is entitled to substantial deference. However, the plaintiff's choice of forum is given less deference when the plaintiff chooses to litigate outside its home forum. Dee Eng'g, Inc, 2003 WL 1089515, at *2. Leapers is incorporated and has its principal place of business in Michigan, and all of Leapers' employees are located in Michigan. (
In addition, when considering the convenience of the parties, courts also consider the parties' abilities to bear the expense of trial in a particular forum. Id. at *2-3 (holding that the larger of the two parties was in a better position to bear the cost of litigating outside of its home forum). In this case, Defendants argue that litigating in Indiana would impose a substantial hardship as they have already suffered substantial financial loss from their public arrest in Nevada. Leapers does not allege that it is in a weaker financial position or is unable to bear the extra expense of travel to Nevada and, in fact, Leapers admits that a representative from Continental visited Nevada and met with Defendants as part of the investigation conducted on Leapers' behalf. As a result, this Court will assume that Leapers is capable of bearing any additional travel costs and this analysis favors Defendants.
Regarding convenience of witnesses, Leapers argues that resolution of this trial will likely require witness testimony from its representatives that are located in Michigan. Leapers contends that Indiana is more convenient than Nevada, because Michigan is closer to Indiana. Nevertheless, when weighing the relative convenience of witnesses, courts generally assign little weight to the location of employee-witnesses because they are usually within the control of the parties and are likely to appear voluntarily in either forum. Abbot, 2007 WL 844903, at *3. Both parties, however, note several non-party witnesses. Defendants point to witnesses
The Court first notes that the investigation in Indiana "`was [Leapers'] choice, and therefore it is not entitled to nearly as much weight as it would be if Indiana were inherently more convenient.'" See Heckler & Koch, Inc. v. Precision Airsoft, LLC, No. 109-CV-485-SEB-JMS, 2010 WL 1257450, at *2 (S.D. Ind. Mar. 25, 2010) (quoting Heckler & Koch, Inc. v. Dong Ying Manufacturing, Inc., 2009 WL 4906930, at *1 (S.D. Ind. Dec. 11, 2009)). The Court also concludes, however, that although Defendants identified several non-party witnesses who live beyond the reach of this forum, Defendants failed to adequately assert what testimony these witnesses might provide and whether these witnesses would not be willing to travel to Indiana. Without more, the Defendants have failed in their burden to establish that convenience clearly favors transfer to Nevada because of the existence of non-party witnesses outside the reach of this Court. See, e.g., Villafuerte v. Decker Truck Line, Inc., No. 2:14-CV-177-TLS-PRC, 2014 WL 3721962, at *4 (N.D. Ind. July 25, 2014) ("[t]he determination of whether a particular venue is more convenient for the witnesses should not turn on which party produces a longer witness list. Rather, the court must look to the nature and quality of the witnesses' testimony with respect to the issues of the case") (internal quotation omitted). Consequently, because neither forum is clearly more convenient for the party and non-party witnesses, the Court concludes that this factor does not favor either party.
Additionally, regarding material evidence, the Court concludes that Defendants have not presented any facts regarding whether specific evidence or documents are located in Nevada. On the other hand, Leapers asserts that most of the material evidence in this case is investigationrelated documents that are located at Continental's office in Indiana and, therefore, Indiana is more convenient. The Court again notes, however, that the investigation in Indiana was Leapers' choice, and is given little weight. See Heckler & Koch, Inc., 2010 WL 1257450, at *2. Accordingly, because neither forum is clearly more convenient, this factor also favors neither party.
When considering the interests of justice factor, the Court finds that it tilts in favor of transfer. Defendants' presence in Indiana is primarily through internet connections and the amount of business conducted in Indiana is minimal. Also, relevant to this factor is a comparison of the dockets in this district and Nevada. See Heckler & Koch, No. 109-CV-485-SEB-JMS, 2010 WL 1257450, at *2. For the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2016, this Court ranked fourth in the nation for the number of weighted filings per authorized judgeship.
Accordingly, the Court finds that, while venue in either the Southern Division of Nevada or the Southern District of Indiana is proper, and the Southern District of Indiana is more convenient for Leapers, the gain in convenience to the Defendants and the interests of justice favor transfer to the Southern Division of Nevada. Accordingly, the Motion to Dismiss or Alternatively Transfer Case (