Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation.
*938 Before JOHN MINOR WISDOM, Chairman, and EDWARD WEINFELD, EDWIN A. ROBSON, WILLIAM H. BECKER[*], JOSEPH S. LORD, III[*], STANLEY A. WEIGEL, and ANDREW A. CAFFREY[*], Judges of the Panel.
PER CURIAM.
This litigation consists of 35 actions pending in three districts: twenty-one in the Eastern District of Louisiana; eight in the Southern District of West Virginia; and six in the Western District of Louisiana.[1]
Plaintiffs in these actions, with one exception, are several truck drivers formerly or presently employed by Liquid Carbonic Corporation who allege that they suffered chemical poisoning while hauling liquid carbon monoxide from Liquid Carbonic's Geisman, Louisiana, plant to various chemical plants in the Eastern, Southern and Southwestern United States. A former dispatcher at Liquid Carbonic's New Orleans shipping terminal is the other claimant and he also alleges that he suffered chemical poisoning from exposure to liquid carbon monoxide. Defendants include several executive officers of Liquid Carbonic, the chemical companies at whose plants most of the deliveries were made, and the manufacturer of the trailers in which the liquid carbon monoxide was hauled. The complaints charge defendants with violations of the National Highway Safety Act; the laws governing interstate transportation and storage of toxic and hazardous substances; the Occupational Safety and Health Act and regulations promulgated thereunder; and various state laws.
Shortly after the Strain actions were filed, the court dismissed two of the chemical companies, Olin Corporation and Union Carbide Corporation, for improper venue. Several of the plaintiffs in Strain thereafter filed actions against Olin in the Western District of Louisiana and Union Carbide in the Southern District of West Virginia. The complaints in these actions are virtually identical to Strain. At the hearing on this matter, counsel for Olin advised the Panel that Olin intends to withdraw its venue objection in the Eastern District of Louisiana, consent to be rejoined as a defendant there, and move to dismiss the Olin actions in the Western District of Louisiana. Transcript at 10. Apparently these actions have not yet been dismissed, however.
Prior to the filing of Strain, Olin and Union Carbide, many of the Strain plaintiffs initiated the Frierson actions in the Eastern District of Louisiana against Liquid Carbonic, its group hospitalization and disability insurer, and others. These actions have been consolidated and involve a variety of claims under the hospitalization and disability insurance policy, a contractual wage arrangement with Liquid Carbonic, the Civil Rights Act, and the Fair Credit Reporting Act. Claims involving holiday and vacation pay and the alleged firing of certain plaintiffs are also asserted.
Nine of the thirteen plaintiffs in total jointly move the Panel for an order transferring Olin and Union Carbide to the Eastern District of Louisiana for coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1407 with the Strain and Frierson actions. Movants suggest the Western District of Louisiana as the transferee district in the alternative. Most responding parties favor transfer of Olin to the Eastern District of Louisiana, but object *939 to the inclusion of the Frierson actions in Section 1407 proceedings. Only defendant Union Carbide opposes transfer of Union Carbide. And all responding parties urge the Eastern, and not Western, District of Louisiana as the transferee forum, except Union Carbide which does not comment on the issue of an appropriate transferee forum.
We find that the Olin and Union Carbide actions share common questions of fact with the Strain actions and that transfer of Olin and Union Carbide to the Eastern District of Louisiana for coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings under Section 1407 with Strain will best serve the convenience of the parties and witnesses and promote the just and efficient conduct of the litigation. We make no determination with regard to the propriety of including the Frierson actions in the coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings.
All parties agree, and we concur, that Strain, Olin and Union Carbide involve common factual issues relating to the causation of plaintiffs' injuries and the liability of all defendants. Thus, transfer of these actions to a single district under Section 1407 will prevent duplication of discovery and eliminate the possibility of conflicting pretrial rulings. See In re Radiation Incident at Washington, D. C. on April 5, 1974, 400 F. Supp. 1404, 1406, (Jud.Pan.Mult.Lit. 1975).
Union Carbide opposes transfer of the actions pending against it solely on the ground that once the discovery process has been completed these actions will proceed to trial more expeditiously in West Virginia than in Louisiana. The respondents objecting to the Panel's inclusion of Frierson in any coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings contend that Frierson involves numerous factual and legal questions not raised in Strain, Olin and Union Carbide, and point out that Frierson also includes additional defendants. They also stress that discovery in Frierson is more advanced than discovery in the other actions. Three respondents, however, argue that since the Frierson actions already are pending in the Eastern District of Louisiana, any question of their coordination or consolidation with the other actions in this litigation is a matter to be considered by the transferee court rather than the Panel.
Union Carbide's objection to transfer is wholly without merit and apparently based on a misunderstanding of Section 1407. Transfer pursuant to Section 1407 relates only to the conduct of coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings. 28 U.S.C. § 1407(a). At or before the completion of these pretrial proceedings, the Union Carbide actions will in all likelihood be remanded to the Southern District of West Virginia for trial. See Rule 11, R.P.J.P.M.L., 65 F.R.D. 253, 260-63 (1975). Indeed, the Louisiana court has already ruled that venue regarding Union Carbide is improper in the Eastern District of Louisiana. Cf. Pfizer, Inc. v. Lord, 447 F.2d 122 (2d Cir. 1971).
Since the Frierson actions would be pending before the transferee court regardless of the transfer we are herewith ordering, we believe that the question of whether these actions should be included in the coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings is more properly left to the discretion of the transferee judge. See In re National Airlines, Inc. Maternity Leave Practices and Flight Attendant Weight Program Litigation, 399 F. Supp. 1405, 1407 (Jud.Pan.Mult. Lit.1975). See also In re Grain Shipments, 305 F. Supp. 3, 4 (Jud.Pan.Mult.Lit.1969); Rule 10(a), R.P.J.P.M.L., 65 F.R.D. 253, 260 (1975).
We agree that the Eastern District of Louisiana is the most appropriate transferee forum for this litigation. More actions are pending in this district than in any other. And since the shipments were made from the New Orleans area, many of the relevant documents and witnesses are located there. See In re Radiation Incident at Washington, D. C., on April 5, 1974, supra, 400 F.Supp. at 406-07.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the actions listed on the following Schedule A and pending in districts other than the Eastern District of Louisiana be, and the *940 same hereby are, transferred to the Eastern District of Louisiana and, with the consent of that court, assigned to the Honorable Morey L. Sear for coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1407 with the actions already pending there and listed on Schedule A.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that no determination under 28 U.S.C. § 1407 is hereby made regarding the actions listed on the following Schedule B and pending in the Eastern District of Louisiana.
SCHEDULE A
DOCKET NO. 252IN RE LIQUID CARBONIC
TRUCK DRIVERS CHEMICAL POISONING
LITIGATION
Eastern District of Louisiana
Lenny Strain v. Kenneth Turner, et Civil Action
al. No. 74-3139-H
Rodney J. Strain v. Kenneth Turner, Civil Action
et al. No. 74-2363-H
Charles J. Strain v. Kenneth Turner, Civil Action
et al. No. 74-2364-H
Roger Moran v. Kenneth Turner, et Civil Action
al. No. 74-2365-H
Alvin Frierson v. Kenneth Turner, et Civil Action
al. No. 74-2366-H
Marvin Brown v. Kenneth Turner, Civil Action
et al. No. 74-2367-H
Carl Martin v. Kenneth Turner, et Civil Action
al. No. 74-2368-H
Dennis Morris v. Kenneth Turner, et Civil Action
al. No. 74-2452-H
Richard Lamousin v. Kenneth Turner, Civil Action
et al. No. 74-2579-H
Vernon Ghersanich v. Kenneth Turner, Civil Action
et al. No. 75-1502-H
Tyrone Charbonnet v. Kenneth Turner, Civil Action
et al. No. 75-745-H
Raymond Ghersanich and Frank Voss Civil Action
v. Kenneth Turner, et al. No. 75-1802-H
Western District of Louisiana
Charles J. Strain, Jr. v. Olin Corp. Civil Action
No. 75-1337
Carl R. Martin v. Olin Corp. Civil Action
No. 75-1334
Dennis Morris, Sr. v. Olin Corp. Civil Action
No. 75-1338
Marvin Brown v. Olin Corp. Civil Action
No. 75-1336
Alvin W. Frierson v. Olin Corp. Civil Action
No. 75-1339
Rodney J. Strain v. Olin Corp. Civil Action
No. 75-1335
Southern District of West Virginia
Carl R. Martin v. Union Carbide Civil Action
Corp. No. 75-0832-CH
Dennis Morris, Sr. v. Olin Corp. Civil Action
No. 75-0835-CH
Richard Lamousin v. Union Carbide Civil Action
Corp. No. 75-0831-CH
Alvin W. Frierson v. Union Carbide Civil Action
Corp. No. 75-0837-CH
Rodney J. Strain v. Union Carbide Civil Action
Corp. No. 75-0836-CH
Marvin Brown v. Union Carbide Corp. Civil Action
No. 75-0838-CH
Roger Moran v. Union Carbide Corp. Civil Action
No. 75-0834-CH
Charles J. Strain, Jr. v. Union Carbide Civil Action
Corp. No. 75-0833-CH
SCHEDULE B
DOCKET NO. 252IN RE LIQUID CARBONIC
TRUCK DRIVERS CHEMICAL POISONING
LITIGATION
Eastern District of Louisiana
Alvin Frierson v. Liquid Carbonic Civil Action
Corp., et al. No. 74-2329-F
Charles J. Strain v. Liquid Carbonic Civil Action
Corp., et al. No. 74-2330-F
Rodney J. Strain v. Liquid Carbonic Civil Action
Corp., et al. No. 74-2331-F
Lenny J. Strain v. Liquid Carbonic Civil Action
Corp., et al. No. 74-3278-F
Roger Moran v. Liquid Carbonic Civil Action
Corp., et al. No. 74-3279-F
Richard Lamousin v. Liquid Carbonic Civil Action
Corp., et al. No. 74-3280-F
Carl Martin v. Liquid Carbonic Corp., Civil Action
et al. No. 74-3281-F
Dennis Morris v. Liquid Carbonic Civil Action
Corp., et al. No. 74-3282-F
Marvin Brown v. Liquid Carbonic Civil Action
Corp., et al. No. 74-3283-F
[*] Judges Becker, Lord, and Caffrey were unable to attend the Panel hearing and, therefore, did not participate in the consideration or decision of this matter.
[1] Hereinafter, twelve of the actions pending in the Eastern District of Louisiana are referred to as Strain, nine of the actions pending in that district are referred to as Frierson, the actions pending in the Southern District of West Virginia are referred to as Union Carbide, and the Western District of Louisiana actions are referred to as Olin.