DALE L. SOMERS, Bankruptcy Judge.
On October 29, 2015, trial was held on the motion of creditor CitiMortgage (Citi) to convert this Chapter 11 case to a Chapter 7 case.
Debtors, with the assistance of counsel, filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 on April 12, 2011. One day later the Chapter 11 case of Neighbors Investments, Inc., owned by Debtors, was filed.
Prepetition, Debtor Mark Neighbors, through various entities, was a real estate developer, contractor, and real estate agent. Debtors' schedules were filed approximately one month after the filing of the petition. The meeting of creditors was held on May 19, 2011.
Litigation of state law claims has been a significant factor in this case. In September, 2011, Debtors filed a motion to approve the employment of special counsel to prosecute or settle Debtors' potential claims against David Baumgartner, Linda Beadle, James Troutman, David Imhoff, Central Bank, Cornerstone Bank, the Bank of Versailles, and other persons or entities responsible for losses incurred by Debtors as a result of fraud, negligence, recklessness, violations of statutory laws, and other wrongful conduct.
Three adversaries were filed in 2014. They have been closed. One was against secured creditor Nationstar Mortgage, LLC,
The fifth adversary, against Citi, was filed recently, on October 15, 2015. It seeks damages for alleged violations of the Missouri Merchandising Practices Act and negligent misrepresentation relating to Citi's prepetition loans to Debtors.
After several extensions of the exclusivity period, Debtors filed a proposed plan of reorganization and a disclosure statement on December 30, 2011. Citi objected and no confirmation hearing was held. An amended plan and disclosure statement were filed on June 15, 2012.
On July 2, 2015, the Court held a telephonic status conference on the pending amended plan and other matters. On August 4, 2015, Debtors filed their Motion to Dismiss Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Case
On August 31, 2015, Citi filed the motion to convert case to Chapter 7 which is the subject of this memorandum.
Debtors' Schedule A listed 7 parcels of real property.
The fourth property, which is still held by Debtors, is their homestead, located in Overland Park, Kansas. Citi is the holder of the only lien on the homestead. Although no payments have been made to Citi since 2011, the taxes are current. Debtors claim that the value is significantly in excess of the lien amount.
Debtors still own the fifth property, 16959 Gentle Slopes Drive, Gravois Mills. Schedule A lists the value as $259,600.00, but Mark Neighbors testified that the value has increased since filing to $450,000, and he recently received an offer to purchase for $300,000. Citi's proof of claim states it holds a lien for $401,397.94 principal, plus interest and other charges.
The sixth property, 16963 Gentle Slopes Drive, Gravois Mills, Missouri, was sold by the Debtors a couple of months ago, but there is no order approving the sale. Mark Neighbors testified that he no longer owns the seventh property, undeveloped land located on West 151st Street, but the docket does not include an order approving the sale.
The testimony concerning the business interests listed on Schedule B was as follows. Debtors currently have a 100% interest in Neighbors Investments, Inc. It filed for relief under Chapter 11 one day after Debtors filed this case and is operating under a confirmed Chapter 11 plan. Its principal asset is real property which Debtor Mark Neighbors testified is worth $900,000 subject to a lien of $450,000. Neighbors Investments, Inc. has no employees, but does hire professionals.
The operating report for Neighbors Investments, Inc. for August, 2015
Debtors' Schedule B also includes as a business interest 100% of Neighbors Realty Co., Inc. It presently has no assets and no debt. It has 13 to 14 vacant Kansas City residential lot listings. It will receive commissions as the lots are improved, but there are no homes under construction.
The next business interest is a 50% interest in Gentle Slopes Partners LLC. It is a Missouri limited liability company which is not currently operating, has no creditors, and no assets. Litigation asserting breach of contract and fraud against a partner is either pending or contemplated. The claims are alleged to be in excess of $100,000.
Metcalf 211, Inc. previously owned vacant real property, but the property has been returned to the financing bank in exchange for a release. Metcalf 211 has been dissolved. Stillwell Industrial, LLC owned developed industrial lots when the case was filed. The property was returned to the secured lender, and the limited liability company dissolved.
Debtors continue to own a 100% interest in Gentle Slopes Builders. It is a construction company which previously built homes at the Lake of the Ozarks. Presently it has no assets, no debts, and no construction projects.
Schedule B includes a 50% interest in M & D Partnership. It owned property on West 151
The personal property listed on Schedule B includes accounts receivable owed by Neighbors Investments, Inc., the related Chapter 11 debtor, in an unknown amount. The loan is not documented by a note. Additional loans to Neighbors Investments were made post-petition, but are documented only in the monthly reports prepared by Debtors' bookkeeper.
Debtors' assets include two boats, which according to Mark Neighbors are presently valued at $2000 and $50,000 respectively. The boats are unencumbered.
Schedule B lists 11 contingent and unliquidated claims, resolution of which would require litigation. Debtors would like to pursue five of them. The first is a claim against an auction company which allegedly wrongfully failed to collect a $92,500 check in 2009. The company was contacted about the allegations, and counsel was retained by Debtors in 2011. But there is no lawsuit pending, and litigation counsel is not presently retained.
The second claim is against "Bank of Versailles and Baumgartners." The claim against the bank is alleged to be for about $500,000. Debtors have been trying to bring the actions. One was commenced pro se, but Mark Neighbors does not know the status. Debtors attempted to have counsel appointed to pursue the Baumgartners, but the request was opposed.
The third is against the Central Bank of the Lake of the Ozarks relating to allegedly unauthorized loans made to a partnership. Mark Neighbors is trying to retain counsel to pursue the matter. The fourth and fifth claims are against Cornerstone Bank. Mark Neighbors asserts he has a claim worth more than $500,000 for forgery and manipulation of records, but there is no pending litigation. Mark Neighbors also testified about a potential claim against David Imoff and Cornerstone CPA regarding records manipulation.
The listed claim against Linda L. Beadle recently settled. It was estimated that the estate would receive $40,000 to $45,000. Although included in Schedule B, Mark Neighbors testified that he no longer has claims against James Troutman or Safeco Insurance, and no interest in class action suits against Citi and Toyota, which are also listed. However, a foreclosure action filed prepetition by Citi against Debtors remains pending.
In summary, of the 11 claims listed as unliquidated contingent claims on Schedule B, Mark Neighbors testified that he wishes to pursue five, one has settled, four have been abandoned, and one, the foreclosure against Debtors, is pending.
Since the preparation of the schedules, Mark Neighbors has become aware of additional unliquidated claims. One is a claim against bankruptcy counsel related to his representation of Debtors in the action against Linda Beadle. The others are two claims against Citi, one filed in Missouri state court and the other as an adversary proceeding in this Court.
Debtors' Schedule D lists 8 secured claims. Mark Neighbors testified that the liens securing all except two have been released, and Citi is the holder of the only secured claim. Citi has filed three proofs of claim: (1) $401,397.94 secured by 16959 Gentle Slopes Drive, Gravois Mills, Missouri; (2) $401,331.70 secured by 16961 Gentle Slopes Drive, Gravois Mills, Missouri; and (3) $725,618.03 secured by Debtors' homestead. If the property securing the first claim is sold, a deficiency is likely.
The only unsecured priority claim has been paid, without the benefit of a plan or appropriate motion and approval of the Court.
The schedule of unsecured claims include 12 personal guaranties. Mark Neighbors testified that eight of the guaranties have been released. The remaining four guaranties secure claims of Neighbors Investments, Inc., which are being paid through the Neighbors Investments, Inc.'s Chapter 11 plan. Mark Neighbors does not expect that these guarantees will be pursued.
According to Mark Neighbors, the remaining scheduled unsecured claims, apart from the guaranties and any deficiencies of Citi, are approximately $10,600 for which proofs of claim have been filed and $24,631 for which no proof of claim have been filed. Testimony concerning the claims register generally confirms this analysis.
In summary, the claims against the Debtors, other than on the personal guaranties of the allegedly oversecured debts of Neighbors Investments, Inc. being paid through the corporate Chapter 11 plan, are: (1) unsecured claims of approximately $10,000; (2) Citi's claim secured by the homestead, which Mark Neighbors contends is oversecured; (3) Citi's claim secured by 16959 Gentle Slopes Drive, Gravois Mills, Missouri, which will probably result in an unsecured deficiency if the property is sold; and (4) Citi's deficiency claim following the sale of 16961 Gentle Slopes Drive, Gravois Mills, Missouri.
There is no evidence that Debtors plan to resume their real estate development and building businesses. At the time of trial, Debtor Mark Neighbors was employed by Platinum Realty as a realtor, for which he received irregular, commission based income. Debtors' principal income is $9,338 monthly disability income, which will terminate at either age 62 or 65, which is two or five years in the future. Debtor Shelly Neighbors works with Mark Neighbors on real estate sales and has no other income.
Consistent with the trial testimony, on November 16, 2015, counsel for the Debtors filed a motion to approve the negotiated settlement of the Beadle litigation.
But on December 8, 2015, Debtors pro se filed an objection to the settlement, for the reasons stated in three attached letters, one from the Debtors, one from the Debtors' son, and one from the Debtors' sister-in-law. These last two individuals are not listed as creditors. The reasons stated by Debtors for disapproval of the settlement include the allegations that the notarization on Beadle's financial statement is torn and that public records evidence that Beadle has not obtained the full $45,000 settlement funds from a mortgage on her home. Multiple additional objections relate to the amount of the settlement and events which occurred prior to the settlement, such as alleged undisclosed conflicts of interest and discovery issues, which were known but not mentioned during the trial on the motion to convert.
When moving for conversion to Chapter 7, Citi relies in part upon Debtors' statements in support of their motion to dismiss that cause for dismissal or conversion exists under § 1112(b). It then argues that conversion rather than dismissal would be in the best interests of creditors and the estate because it appears that Debtors have non-exempt assets, dismissal would make it much more difficult for creditors to realize the value of those assets, and a Chapter 7 case would provide for an orderly liquidation based upon established priorities.
Section 1112(b)(1) is the controlling statute. It provides:
Because neither paragraph (2) nor subsection (c) are applicable, Citi is a party in interest as defined by § 1109(b), and the Court has given notice and held a hearing, the first issue to be decided is whether there is cause. For purposes of conversion or dismissal, cause is defined by § 1112(b)(4), which sets forth a non-exhaustive list of items which constitute cause. The list is read in the disjunctive.
The first item in the list of cause is "substantial or continuing loss to or diminution of the estate and the absence of a reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation."
Mark Neighbors is employed as a real estate agent, with compensation on a commission basis. Debtors' income is primarily from disability payments. There is no evidence of plans to revitalize Debtors' businesses.
When moving to dismiss, Debtors stated that "their overall financial situation has drastically declined" and "[due to the decease in income and loss of real estate, Debtors believe they do not have sufficient sources of income to sustain a Chapter 11 Plan or reorganization."
"Because the list of grounds [in § 1112(b)(4)] is not all-inclusive, the court may consider other grounds as they arise, and may use its equitable powers to reach an appropriate result."
Although these circumstances do not strictly constitute cause as defined by §1112(b)(4)(J) because no deadline for filing a plan was fixed by the Court, these circumstances clearly point to cause. This case has been on file for four and one-half years, but Debtors are not pursuing confirmation. It is clear that a confirmed plan cannot be obtained without the consent of Citi, which is the only secured creditor and holds the largest unsecured claim. But Debtors and Citi are at loggerheads. The Court is puzzled as to why the United States Trustee's office did not file a motion to convert this case at least two years ago. The Court is also puzzled as to why the United States Trustee's office did not take a position on Citi's motion to convert this case to Chapter 7.
When filing their motion to dismiss, Debtors stated that they "believe that they will not be able to confirm a plan within the time fixed" because of unresolved issues with Citi.
At the hearing on Citi's motion to convert, Debtors' counsel argued that the evidence shows circumstances have changed since Debtors' motion to dismiss was filed and Debtors are working toward a second amended plan. The changed circumstances counsel identified are Citi's retention of new counsel with whom Debtors' counsel is having conversations and the filings of the adversary proceeding and the state court case against Citi.
The Court finds there are no changed circumstances indicating that Debtors can obtain a confirmed plan in a reasonable time. The adversary proceeding and the state court action against Citi are complex and will likely take years to resolve through litigation. Using litigation asserting state law claims only indirectly related to the amount of Citi's claims as leverage to achieve agreement to confirmation is not condoned and is not likely to achieve the desired result. Citi's past conduct and its filing of this motion evidence its decision not to consent to a plan. "Dismissal under § 1112(b)(2) is appropriate where the debtor's failure to file an acceptable plan after a reasonable time indicates its inability to do so whether the reason for the debtor's inability to file is its poor financial condition, the structure of the claims against it, or some other reason."
In addition, as circumstances constituting cause, the Court considers Debtors' overall conduct during the pendency of this case and concludes that Debtors have not adhered to the minimum standard of conduct required of Chapter 11 Debtors. They have taken advantage of the bankruptcy stay to prevent their creditors from taking action against them, yet they have not seriously attempted to confirm a plan. Rather they filed litigation, disposed of assets, and dealt with debt through stay relief actions. Mark Neighbors has transferred estate property to Neighbors Investments, Inc. without Court approval and without receiving a promissory note. Debtors have not corrected their schedules, although Mark Neighbors testified at trial that they were not accurate.
Debtors are litigious and have used the bankruptcy case to hire professionals, to preserve the timeliness of prepetition state law claims for fraud and similar claims, and to file adversary proceedings. Debtors would like to file additional adversary proceedings for fraud and other alleged misconduct. But Debtors' modus operandi is not to litigate for the purpose of ending disputes, but to obtain leverage over creditors. Part of Debtors' settlement with the Bank of Versailles involved an agreement for the production of documents. This led to seemingly endless motions to compel requiring Court involvement. When Citi made an honest mistake releasing lien in conjunction with the sale of estate property, it took years and an evidentiary hearing to reinstate the lien over Debtors' objection. A judge of this Court devoted a full day to mediation of the Beadle litigation, a resolution was finally reached, but now Debtors seek to avoid the settlement.
For the forgoing reasons the Court concludes that there is ample cause to dismiss or convert this case.
Subsection (b)(2) of § 1112 provides that even if cause exists, the court may not convert or dismiss a case "if the court finds and specifically identifies unusual circumstances establishing that converting or dismissing the case is not in the best interests of creditors and the estate, and the debtor or any other party" establishes one of two things: (1) there is a reasonable likelihood that a plan will be confirmed within a reasonable time; or (2) the grounds for converting or dismissing the case include an act or omission of the debtor other than under subsection (4)(A), for which there exists a reasonable justification which will be cured within a reasonable time set by the court.
There is no evidence of unreasonable circumstances evidencing that conversion or dismissal is not in the best interests of the creditors and the estate. Further, even if there were such circumstances, as discussed above, Debtors have not shown that there is a reasonable likelihood that a plan will be confirmed in a reasonable time. In addition, as to the cause other than that defined by § 1112(b)(4)(A), the finding is not based upon acts of the Debtors which are reasonably justified and which can be cured in a reasonable time.
Having found cause and the absence of special circumstances, the Court next considers whether dismissal or conversion is in the best interests of creditors and the estate.
"The Code does not define the phrase `best interests of creditors and the estate.'"
Counsel for the Debtors suggests that when considering the options the Court evaluate the ten factors enumerated by Bankruptcy Judge Nugent in L&T Machining.
The second relevant factor is "whether any remaining issues would be better resolved outside the bankruptcy forum."
Citi is the only significant unsecured creditor acknowledged by Debtors, and it clearly would be benefitted by conversion. The Court is not as confident as is Mark Neighbors that all of the claims of unsecured guarantors have been resolved, so these may also need to be addressed by a Chapter 7 Trustee.
For the foregoing reasons, the Court converts this case to Chapter 7 for cause.