MONTI L. BELOT, District Judge.
This case comes before the court on defendants' motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, motion for summary judgment. (Doc. 35). The motion has been fully briefed and is ripe for decision. (Docs. 36, 40).
Plaintiff Darryl Payton is currently incarcerated at the El Dorado Correctional Facility (EDCF). On November 30, 2009, plaintiff was issued a disciplinary report for using stimulants. Plaintiff pled guilty and was placed in segregation for 30 days. Upon his release, plaintiff was placed in the classification "lay-in cause" until September 17, 2010. Plaintiff was also placed in administrative segregation from May 21 through June 23, 2010.
On February 1, 2011, plaintiff was advised that visiting privileges for Valencia Rankins, plaintiff's daughter, could not be processed due to the lack of verification of their relationship. Rankins had provided her birth certificate to EDCF but it did not list plaintiff as her father. On February 14, Rankins wrote to the Secretary of Corrections, Ray Roberts, stating that the Unit Team Manager Maureen Malott was incorrectly interpreting prison policy regarding relationship verification. At some point, Rankins also contacted Kansas State Senator Oletha Faust-Goudeau about the denial of her visitation. On February 18, Deputy Warden Susan Gibreal informed Rankins that any documentation of family relationship would be accepted or that Rankins could be added to plaintiff's approved visitation list as a friend. On February 23, Faust-Goudeau called Gibreal to speak with her about the visitation policy. There is nothing in the record to indicate that Rankins has followed through with the required verification and plaintiff does not allege that he is being denied visitations by Rankins.
In early March 2011, plaintiff was interviewed for a position by Tommy McKay, a supervisor of Century Manufacturing at EDCF. On March 3, McKay sent an email to officer Schilta Pyles and Malott requesting to hire plaintiff. All requests concerning employment offers must be presented and approved by the Program Management Committee. Susan Gibreal and James Heimgartner, members of the committee, denied McKay's request to hire plaintiff. Plaintiff was informed of the denial on March 3. On March 21, plaintiff submitted a grievance. On March 25, Malott stated that plaintiff's employment was denied due to his history of disciplinary actions and use of stimulants, both of which are supported by the record. Plaintiff appealed to the warden and Roberts. The decision was upheld on April 19. This series of events serves as the basis for all but one of the remaining claims. Liberally construed, plaintiff claims he was told by Malot he was denied the job because the senator contacted the prison about Rankins and that Malot, along with Gibreal, Heimgartner and Snyder "conspired" to retaliate against him for the senator's inquiry by denying him employment at Century Manufacturing. (Doc. 1, Counts III-VII, pp. 5-7).
On April 27, plaintiff filed a grievance concerning his relocation from one cell house to another. Prior to his move, plaintiff had requested that he be moved to a different cell house because of his allergic reaction to animals which were located in his cell house. Team members agreed to move plaintiff during a conference. However, plaintiff was not moved to the specific cell house that he requested. Plaintiff's grievance was denied as it was deemed an issue that was not grievable. (
Defendants deny that they violated plaintiff's constitutional rights and assert that they are entitled to qualified immunity.
Before analyzing defendants' motion for summary judgment, the court notes plaintiff is not represented by counsel. It has long been the rule that
The rules applicable to the resolution of this case, now at the summary judgment stage, are well-known and are only briefly outlined here. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(c) directs the entry of summary judgment in favor of a party who "show[s] that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). An issue is "genuine" if sufficient evidence exists so that a rational trier of fact could resolve the issue either way and an issue is "material" if under the substantive law it is essential to the proper disposition of the claim.
In his first claim, plaintiff complains that defendant Marlette discriminated against him by retaining him in lay-in status due to his race or by either incorrectly applying the policy. Plaintiff's grievance, however, does not complain of race discrimination. Therefore, plaintiff has failed to exhaust his administrative remedies as to his discrimination claim. 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Plaintiff has also failed to establish that Marlette incorrectly interpreted the policy. Defendants' motion for summary judgment on this claim is granted.
In Counts two through six, plaintiff alleges that defendants Marlette, Malot, Gibreal, Heimgartner and Snyder retaliated against him by denying an employment opportunity after plaintiff's daughter wrote a letter to a Kansas Senator. Defendants move for summary judgment on these claims on the basis of qualified immunity.
First, defendant Snyder moves for summary judgment on the basis that he did not have any involvement with the decision to deny plaintiff's employment. A plaintiff must establish that each defendant had personal involvement in the alleged constitutional violation.
Next, the remaining defendants contend that plaintiff has failed to establish a claim of retaliation because plaintiff was not engaged in the exercise of
In order to assert the constitutional claims of a third party, plaintiff must demonstrate: (1) that he suffered an injury, (2) a close relationship between plaintiff and the third party who possessed the rights, and (3) "some hindrance to the third party's ability to protect his or her own interests."
The only injury suffered by plaintiff was the loss of income from a position he was offered yet prevented from accepting because of defendants' alleged actions. The court doubts that plaintiff can prove this claim, but for purposes only of the motion, it finds that the first element has been satisfied, albeit barely. The second element is also met because there does not seem to be a dispute that Rankins is plaintiff's daughter. Defendants argue that the third element is not met because "there is no hindrance or inability for Ms. Rankins to pursue any constitutional claims she [may] have concerning the denial of her application for visitation." (Doc. 36 at 13). There is no evidence that Rankins would have a sustainable cause of action against any of the defendants. Rankins may have been declined one visit with defendant but she has suffered no economic damages as a result and apparently has since been granted or has not pursued visitor status. Therefore, Rankins would lack incentive to bring a claim to protect her rights.
Accordingly, it appears that plaintiff may be able to establish a First Amendment violation. However, when faced with a motion for summary judgment on the basis of qualified immunity, plaintiff bears the additional burden of demonstrating that the right allegedly violated was "clearly established" at the time the conduct occurred.
To satisfy the "clearly established" prong, the rights at issue must have been sufficiently clear that defendants would have understood that their conduct violated a constitutional right that was clearly established at the time the alleged acts took place.
After a review of Supreme Court and Tenth Circuit authority
In count 2, plaintiff alleges that defendant Marlett retaliated against him by attempting to transfer him to another facility. Plaintiff, however, fails to establish this claim as there is no evidence of Marlett's transfer attempt due to plaintiff's grievances. Moreover, plaintiff has failed to establish that he suffered any injury due to this attempted transfer. Defendant Marlett's motion for summary judgment on this claim is granted.
In his last claim, plaintiff alleges that Marlett and Malott transferred him to a different cell in retaliation for filing grievances. Although plaintiff has no right to any particular cell assignment, prison officials cannot punish plaintiff for exercising his first amendment rights by transferring him from one cell to another.
Defendants' motion for summary judgment is granted.
A motion for reconsideration of this order is not encouraged. Any such motion shall not exceed 3 double-spaced pages and shall strictly comply with the standards enunciated by this court in
IT IS SO ORDERED.