CARL J. BARBIER, District Judge.
Before the Court are Defendant's
This suit arises out of claims of race discrimination, sexual harassment, and retaliation in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq., and race and gender discrimination under Louisiana Revised Statute § 23:332. Plaintiff, Natasha Williams, filed her Complaint with this Court on December 12, 2012, naming Cardinal Health 200, LLC as the Defendant. Plaintiff's initial Complaint only alleged causes of action for race discrimination, sexual harassment, and retaliation under Title VII. On April 18, 2013, Plaintiff filed a First Amended Complaint which added a cause of action for race discrimination under Louisiana Revised Statute § 23:332. On April 25, 2013, Plaintiff was granted leave to file a Second Amended Complaint which added an additional cause of action for gender discrimination under the same state statute. While each complaint contains additional causes of action, all of Plaintiff's complaints
Plaintiff alleges that she was employed by Defendant for several years, beginning employment on December 22, 2003, leaving briefly and returning on September 7, 2007. Plaintiff maintains that after returning, she was employed by Defendant from September 7, 2007 until September 26, 2011.
Plaintiff asserts that the events leading up to her termination began on September 14, 2011, when her husband got into a fist fight with one of her co-workers. Plaintiff reports that the fight occurred during an hour-long dinner break from work at a nearby restaurant.
Plaintiff asserts that on September 18, 2011, her husband told her that he had gotten into the fight because Plaintiff's co-worker had sent some text messages to Plaintiff's phone. Plaintiff avers that she was unaware of the messages, but explains that she reported the conversation with her husband to her supervisors when she returned to work on September 19, 2011. Plaintiff asserts that she was fired the following week on September 26, 2011. Plaintiff contends that her co-worker was involved in "some type of inappropriate behavior" toward her.
Defendant filed its first Motion to Dismiss (Rec. Doc. 25) on April 17, 2013. After Defendant filed its motion, Plaintiff filed two amended complaints. Plaintiff filed her opposition to Defendant's motion on May 2, 2013. Defendant filed a reply on May 8, 2013. In response to the two amended complaints, Defendant filed an additional Motion to Dismiss (Rec. Doc. 42) on May 10, 2013. Plaintiff responded in opposition on May 28, 2013.
In Defendant's first Motion to Dismiss, it argues that the Court should dismiss this matter because Plaintiff has failed to exhaust her administrative remedies. Specifically, Defendant asserts that Plaintiff failed to file a charge of discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC") or the Louisiana Commission on Human Rights ("LCHR") within 300 days of her termination. Defendant's motion specifically refers to Plaintiff's claims of race discrimination, retaliation, and sexual harassment under Title VII. In support of its argument, Defendant sets out the following facts concerning Plaintiff's EEOC charge.
Under these facts, Defendant argues that it is clear that Plaintiff did not timely file a charge of discrimination. Specifically, Defendant asserts that (1) Plaintiff never filed a charge of discrimination, and that (2) Plaintiff's Intake Questionnaire cannot be construed as a timely filed charge. With regard to Plaintiff's Intake Questionnaire, Defendant asserts that it cannot be construed as a charge of discrimination because (1) it is not verified, (2) it did not cause the EEOC to take administrative action, and (3) the contents of the questionnaire were never sent to Defendant. Furthermore, Defendant argues that the Court should not liberally construe Plaintiff's submissions to the EEOC because she was represented by an attorney throughout the entire EEOC filing process.
In response, Plaintiff does not contest the facts as set forth by the Defendant; however, Plaintiff claims that the Intake Questionnaire constituted a charge of discrimination. In particular, Plaintiff argues that Defendant has had actual notice of Plaintiff's discrimination allegations since the date of her termination. Plaintiff avers that since that date, Plaintiff and Defendant have been in an ongoing dispute about a separately filed application for unemployment benefits that was denied. Because of that dispute, Plaintiff explains that "Plaintiff's counsel has been in continuous and uninterrupted contact with the [Defendant]."
With regard to Plaintiff's arguments about the Intake Questionnaire, Plaintiff asserts that the questionnaire contained all of the information that is required for a charge of discrimination, namely the plaintiff's name, mailing address, race, the defendant's name and contact information, plaintiff's hire and discharge date, plaintiff's rate of pay, and a brief description of the events. Plaintiff relies on Price v. Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., 687 F.2d 74 (5th Cir.1982), arguing that in Price, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that an intake questionnaire can constitute a charge of discrimination and that "the crucial element of a charge of discrimination is the factual statement contained therein."
In Defendant's second Motion to Dismiss, it specifically seeks dismissal of all of Plaintiff's claims under Louisiana Revised Statute § 23:332. Defendant contends that Plaintiff's state law claims should be dismissed with prejudice because they are prescribed. Defendant asserts that the prescriptive period for claims under Louisiana Revised Statute § 23:332 is one year. Defendant notes that Plaintiff was terminated on September 26, 2011, and brought the instant action on December 12, 2012, one year, two months, and sixteen days after her termination. Thus, Defendant argues that Plaintiff's state law claims have prescribed. Defendant further notes that the date that this suit was instituted was not the actual day that the state law claims were raised. Rather, Plaintiff did not raise her state law claims until April 18, 2013, making them one year, five months, and twenty-two days overdue.
Furthermore, Defendant also notes that while the one-year prescriptive period may be extended by six months during the pendency of an administrative hearing, even if this Court were to find that the EEOC has instituted an administrative hearing (which Defendant denies), Plaintiff's claims would still be prescribed. Defendant explains that if an administrative hearing was pending, it was only pending from July 11, 2012 until October 25, 2012, the day that the EEOC issued the right to sue letter. Thus, Defendant contends that Plaintiff would only be entitled to a three month and fourteen day extension of the prescriptive period. As such, Defendant contends that Plaintiff would have had to filed her state law claims by January 9, 2013. Thus, Defendant asserts that because Plaintiff's state law claims were filed on April 18, 2013, they were untimely. Plaintiff argues that under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(c), Plaintiff's state law claims cannot be found to relate back to the date of her original complaint.
Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a complaint must contain "a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief." FED. R.CIV.P. 8(a)(2). The complaint must "give the defendant fair notice of what the claim is and the grounds upon which it rests." Dura Pharm., Inc. v. Broudo, 544 U.S. 336, 346, 125 S.Ct. 1627, 161 L.Ed.2d 577 (2005). The allegations "must be simple, concise, and direct." FED.R.CIV.P. 8(d)(1).
To survive a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, the plaintiff must plead enough facts to "state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 547, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007)). A claim is facially plausible when the plaintiff pleads facts that allow the court to "draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Id. A court must accept all well-pleaded facts as true and must draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the plaintiff. Lormand v. U.S. Unwired, Inc., 565 F.3d 228, 232-33 (5th Cir.2009); Baker v. Putnal, 75 F.3d 190, 196 (5th Cir.1996). The court is not, however, bound to accept as true legal conclusions couched as factual allegations. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937.
In an employment discrimination case, the plaintiff must exhaust all administrative remedies before pursuing her claims in federal court. Taylor v. Books A Million, Inc., 296 F.3d 376, 379 (5th Cir. 2002) (citing Dao v. Auchan Hypermarket, 96 F.3d 787, 789 (5th Cir.1996)). The plaintiff exhausts her administrative remedies when she files a timely charge of discrimination with the EEOC. Dao, 96 F.3d at 788-89 (noting that although filing a claim with the EEOC is not a jurisdictional prerequisite, it "`is a precondition to filing suit in district court'" (quoting Cruce v. Brazosport Indep. Sch. Dist., 703 F.2d 862, 863 (5th Cir.1983))). As a general rule, discrimination victims must file a charge with the EEOC within 180 days of when the unlawful employment practice occurred. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(1). In deferral states, such as Louisiana, an exception to this general rule applies and an individual must file a charge within 300 days of the allegedly discriminatory act.
A charge of discrimination must be filed "in writing under oath or affirmation and shall contain such information and be in such form as the Commission requires." 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b). The EEOC's regulations also require that a charge be in writing, signed, and verified. 29 C.F.R. §§ 1601.9, 1601.3(a). This requirement is designed to protect employers from the filing of frivolous claims. Price, 687 F.2d at 77. In addition, to be sufficient a charge "should contain ... [t]he full name and address of the person against whom the charge is made" and "[a] clear and concise statement of the facts, including pertinent dates, constituting the alleged unlawful employment practices." Id. § 1601.12(a). A sufficient charge will "identify the parties, and [] describe generally the [complained of] action or practices." Id. § 1601.12(b). In general, employment charges are construed "with the `utmost liberality'" because they are often prepared by laymen. Price, 687 F.2d at 77 (quoting Terrell v. United States Pipe & Foundry Co., 644 F.2d 1112 (5th Cir. 1981)). However, some courts have found that "`[t]he leniency accorded a layman in drafting the EEOC charge should not be extended to an attorney.'" Fassbender v. Treasure Chest Casino, No. 07-5265, 2008 WL 170071, at *6 (E.D.La. Jan. 16, 2008) (quoting Cannon v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co., No. 03-2911, 2005 WL 1107372, at *1 n. 1 (N.D.Tex. May 5, 2005)).
In the instant case, the parties agree that the discriminatory act occurred on September 26, 2011, the date that Plaintiff was terminated. Thus, in order to timely file a charge of discrimination, Plaintiff must have filed the charge by July 22, 2013. Relying on Price v. Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., Plaintiff argues that her Intake Questionnaire constituted a charge of discrimination properly filed with the EEOC and, therefore, she contends that she has exhausted her administrative remedies. The Court disagrees.
In Price, the Fifth Circuit considered whether a pro se plaintiff's unverified EEOC intake questionnaire could constitute a charge of discrimination for the purposes of satisfying the time limitation for filing a charge. 687 F.2d at 75-79. In that case, on January 10, 1979, within 180 days of her termination, plaintiff met with an EEOC Specialist to discuss her alleged discrimination. Id. at 75. During the meeting, the EEOC Specialist recorded the factual basis of plaintiff's complaint on an EEOC Form 283. Id. Subsequently, on January 12, 1979, the EEOC wrote plaintiff's employer and advised it that plaintiff had filed a charge of discrimination with the EEOC. Id. The letter to plaintiff's employer also included an official Notice of Charge. Id. After plaintiff's initial meeting with the EEOC, she corresponded with the EEOC at least four additional times. Id. On March 12, 1979, the EEOC Specialist mailed plaintiff a draft of a proposed amended charge, requesting that plaintiff sign and return the charge in thirty days. Id. Rather than sign the charge, plaintiff sent the EEOC Specialist a 110-page description of the discriminatory incidents. Id. On July 31, 1979, the EEOC sent plaintiff a Notice of Right to Sue letter. Id. Thereafter, plaintiff instituted her suit. Id. Upon filing her suit, the defendant moved to dismiss arguing that plaintiff had not filed a charge of discrimination. Id. The court denied defendant's motion, finding
In the instant case, the Intake Questionnaire in question was not filed by a plaintiff unschooled in the law like the plaintiff in Price. Rather, it was filed by an attorney who arguably should not be afforded the same leniency as a pro se plaintiff. Furthermore, upon receiving the July 11, 2012 Intake Questionnaire, unlike the EEOC in Price, the EEOC in this case did not immediately send a Notice of Charge to Plaintiff's employer. Rather, on July 17, 2012 the EEOC actually sent a letter to Plaintiff explaining that her Intake Questionnaire was insufficient and that the EEOC needed additional information in order to take action. Thus, the Intake Questionnaire did not "describe the alleged discriminatory conduct in enough detail to enable the EEOC to issue an official notice of charge to" Plaintiff's employer, nor did it initiate the administrative process. Moreover, the letter mailed to Plaintiff specifically informed Plaintiff that if she did not respond within thirty days (which she did not) the EEOC would assume that she did not want to file a charge. This language makes it plainly clear that as of July 17, 2012, the EEOC did not consider that Plaintiff had filed a charge of discrimination. Likewise, Plaintiff's failure to respond to the EEOC's letter further confirms that as of August 16, 2012, as per the EEOC's letter, no charge had been filed. As such, the Court finds that Price is distinguishable from the instant case and does not support Plaintiff's argument that the Intake Questionnaire constituted an EEOC charge.
In addition to the court's reasoning in Price, the Court also finds a subsequent Fifth Circuit case helpful in guiding its analysis. In Harris v. Honda, 213 Fed. Appx. 258 (5th Cir.2006),
In the instant case, as this Court has explained, Plaintiff's Intake Questionnaire was not sufficient to lead the EEOC to send a Notice of Charges to Defendant. Rather, the EEOC only informed Defendant that anything had been filed with it on October 1, 2012, well after the 300 day deadline, and only at Plaintiff's counsel's prompting. At most, all the Court can find was that as of October 1, 2012, when the EEOC received Plaintiff's counsel's fax, it was put on notice for the first time that Plaintiff intended to file a charge of discrimination. October 1, 2012 is well after the 300 day deadline and, therefore, the charge was untimely. Furthermore, the Notice of Discrimination that was sent to Defendant did not include any specified allegations like the Notice of Charges in Price. While the Court recognizes that it should not penalize Plaintiff for the EEOC's failure to include allegations, it also finds the omission of allegations telling within the context of this case. The EEOC had already explained to Plaintiff that the information provided on the Intake Questionnaire was insufficient. Thus, it follows that the EEOC did not have sufficient information about the allegations to include in the Notice and pass on to Defendants, hence, the EEOC's statement that it would send a perfected charge to Defendant when it was filed. Lastly, although Plaintiff has argued that her counsel's June 7, 2012, letter was sufficient to put Defendant on notice, the Court notes that while the letter did inform Defendant that Plaintiff believed some sort of sexual harassment had taken place, it did not provide any conclusive indication that Plaintiff would take legal action based on those allegations.
Louisiana Revised Statute § 23:332 "is subject to a prescriptive period of one year." La.Rev.Stat. § 23:303(D). This period "shall be suspended during the pendency of any administrative review or investigation of the claim." Id. "No suspension... shall last longer than six months." Id.
Plaintiff was terminated on September 26, 2011. Therefore, Plaintiff's cause of action accrued on September 26, 2012. Plaintiff filed suit in this Court on December 12, 2012, with her state law claims following on April 18, 2013. At most, Plaintiff can claim thirty-seven day suspension period of prescription extending from July 11, 2012 until August 16, 2012. These dates represent the date that Plaintiff filed her Intake Questionnaire and the last day of the thirty-day period that Plaintiff had to update the EEOC on the status of her "charge." As of August 16, 2012, as the EEOC had clearly informed Plaintiff, the EEOC assumed that Plaintiff did not want to file a charge. Thus, on August 17, 2012, the clock began running again on Plaintiff's state law claims, and