RICHARD L. BOURGEOIS, Jr., Magistrate Judge.
Please take notice that the attached Magistrate Judge's Report has been filed with the Clerk of the United States District Court.
In accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1), you have fourteen (14) days after being served with the attached Report to file written objections to the proposed findings of fact, conclusions of law and recommendations therein. Failure to file written objections to the proposed findings, conclusions, and recommendations within 14 days after being served will bar you, except upon grounds of plain error, from attacking on appeal the unobjected-to proposed factual findings and legal conclusions of the Magistrate Judge which have been accepted by the District Court.
ABSOLUTELY NO EXTENSION OF TIME SHALL BE GRANTED TO FILE WRITTEN OBJECTIONS TO THE MAGISTRATE JUDGE'S REPORT.
This matter comes before the Court on the parties' Cross-Motions for Summary Judgment (R. Docs. 29 and 31).
The pro se plaintiff, an inmate incarcerated at the Louisiana State Penitentiary ("LSP"), Angola, Louisiana, filed this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against Warden N. Burl Cain, Ass't Warden Kenneth Norris, Ass't Warden Stephanie Lamartiniere and Medical Director Jason Collins, M.D., complaining that the defendants have violated his constitutional rights by exhibiting deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs and by subjecting him to unconstitutional conditions of confinement.
The plaintiff moves for summary judgment relying upon the pleadings, a Statement of Undisputed Facts, a Declaration submitted "under penalty of perjury," a copy of his pertinent administrative remedy proceedings, Department Regulation No. B-06-0001 (relative to "Classification, Sentencing and Service Functions . . . Health Care"), a copy of the Health Care Manual of the Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections, including Health Care Policies Nos. HC-01 (relative to "Access to Care and Clinical Services"), HC-03 (relative to "Continuity of Care"), HC-05 (relative to "Infirmary Care"), HC-11 (relative to "Chronic Care/Special Needs"), HC-016 (relative to "Elective Procedures, Prostheses and Orthodontic Devices"), and HC-34 (relative to "Offender Hygiene"), copies of Civil Service Position Description forms for defendants Burl Cain, Kenneth Norris and Jason Collins, copies of the LSP Correctional Officer Training Program, copies of Training Transcripts for defendants Burl Cain, Stephanie Lamartiniere, Kenneth Norris and Jason Collins, and excerpts from his medical records.
The defendants move for summary judgment relying upon the pleadings, a Statement of Undisputed Facts, excerpts from the plaintiff's medical records, and the affidavits of Dr. Randy Lavespere and defendants Jason Collins, Kenneth Norris, Stephanie Lamartiniere and Burl Cain.
Pursuant to well-established legal principles, summary judgment is appropriate where there is no genuine disputed issue as to any material fact, and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Rule 56, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317 (1986); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 (1986). A party moving for summary judgment must inform the Court of the basis for the motion and identify those portions of the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories and admissions on file, together with affidavits, if any, that show that there is no such genuine issue of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, supra, 477 U.S. at 323. If the moving party carries its burden of proof under Rule 56, the opposing party must direct the Court's attention to specific evidence in the record which demonstrates that the non-moving party can satisfy a reasonable jury that it is entitled to a verdict in its favor. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., supra, 477 U.S. at 248. This burden is not satisfied by some metaphysical doubt as to alleged material facts, by unsworn and unsubstantiated assertions, by conclusory allegations, or by a mere scintilla of evidence. Little v. Liquid Air Corp., 37 F.3d 1069, 1075 (5
In his Complaint, the plaintiff alleges that he suffers with severe chronic illnesses, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema and inguinal hernia(s), and is confined to a wheelchair with oxygen. He complains that the medical dormitory to which he has been assigned at LSP has subjected him to unconstitutional conditions of confinement, including over-crowding due to double-bunking of inmates in his medical dormitory, inadequate ventilation and hygiene, excessive heat, and generalized deficiencies in the medical care provided to inmates, including the alleged improper charging of co-pay assessments for medical care. In addition, the plaintiff asserts that the hernia(s) with which he suffers have subjected him to great pain and discomfort and have aggravated his medical condition, but medical personnel at LSP have failed and/or refused to provide him with needed surgical repair of the hernia(s).
In response to the plaintiff's allegations, the defendants first contend that the plaintiff's claims asserted against the defendants in their official capacities should be dismissed. In this regard, the Court notes that the plaintiff has named defendants Burl Cain, Kenneth Norris and Stephanie Lamartiniere solely in their official capacities, and the defendants are correct that § 1983 does not provide a federal forum for a litigant seeking monetary damages against a state official acting in an official capacity. Specifically, such officials are not seen to be "persons" within the meaning of § 1983. Will v. Michigan Department of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 64 (1989). Additionally, in Hafer v. Melo, 502 U.S. 21 (1991), the United States Supreme Court addressed the distinction between official capacity and individual capacity claims and made clear that a claim asserted against a state official in an official capacity for monetary damages is treated as a claim asserted against the state and is therefore barred by the Eleventh Amendment. Id. at 25. Accordingly, inasmuch as an official-capacity claim for monetary damages is not cognizable in this Court and inasmuch as the plaintiff has explicitly named defendants Burl Cain, Kenneth Norris and Stephanie Lamartiniere solely in their official capacities, his claim for monetary damages asserted against them is subject to dismissal.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the plaintiff has also asserted a claim for monetary damages against defendant Jason Collins, and this defendant has been named solely in his individual capacity. Inasmuch as a claim for monetary damages asserted against a state official in an individual capacity, seeking to impose personal liability for actions taken by the official under color of state law, is not treated as a suit against the state, Hafer v. Melo, supra, this individual-capacity claim for monetary damages asserted against defendant Collins remains viable. In addition, the plaintiff's claim for prospective injunctive relief against all of the defendants is allowed to proceed because such a claim, even if asserted against a state official in an official capacity, is not prohibited under the Eleventh Amendment because such a claim is also not seen to be a claim against the state. See Will v. Michigan Department of State Police, supra, 491 U.S. at 71 n. 10; 15 Am. Jur. 2d Civil Rights § 101. Thus, there is no jurisdictional bar to the plaintiff's claim for equitable relief asserted against the defendants.
Turning to a substantive review of the plaintiff's claims, the Court will next address the defendants' contention that they are entitled to qualified immunity in connection with the plaintiff's claims. Specifically, the defendants contend that the plaintiff's allegations and evidentiary showing fail to show the existence of a genuine issue of disputed fact relative to their participation in any alleged violation of the plaintiff's constitutional rights.
The qualified immunity defense is a familiar one and, employing a two-step process, operates to protect public officials who are performing discretionary tasks. Huff v. Crites, 473 Fed. Appx. 398 (5
Undertaking the qualified immunity analysis with respect to the plaintiff's claims, the Court finds that the defendants' motion, with one exception, should be granted. Specifically, the Court finds that the plaintiff has failed to make an evidentiary showing sufficient to show the existence of a disputed issue of material fact relative to most of his claims, but summary judgment is not appropriate in connection with his claim of deliberate medical indifference relative to the alleged failure to provide needed surgical repair of his hernia(s).
The Court will first address the plaintiff's claim regarding the conditions to which he has been subjected while confined at LSP. In this regard, he asserts that during the relevant time period, he has been confined at the Ash-2 Handicapped dormitory at LSP, the LSP Treatment Center, and the Cypress-2 Handicapped dormitory at LSP. He asserts that the conditions in the referenced dormitories are deficient and have subjected him to an unreasonable risk of harm to his health or well-being. Specifically, he asserts that the dormitories are over-crowded and provide limited space to the handicapped inmates, particularly considering that such inmates often have wheelchairs, breathing machines and/or oxygen tanks that complicate the use of available space. According to the plaintiff, this overcrowding has increased the risk of transmitting infectious diseases, particularly among aged or infirm inmates who suffer with weaker immune systems. In addition, the plaintiff complains that the dormitories and Treatment Center are not cleaned properly, nor are the vents and ducts of the ventilation system, causing the housing units to be "unclean, full of dust, and unsanitary." Further, the ventilation and heating systems are allegedly inadequate, resulting in excessive moist heat in the summer and excessive dry heat in the winter, and although the dormitories are equipped with exhaust fans and ventilation ducts, these fans and ducts fail to move sufficient air except when the windows are open, which does not occur in wintertime. According to the plaintiff, these conditions have resulted in him experiencing increased dizziness, headaches, difficulty breathing and sinus problems, and he asserts that these conditions are unconstitutional as a matter of law.
The plaintiff's claim relative to the conditions in his housing units may be seen to arise under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution and its prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, which provision prohibits the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain. Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S. 294, 297 (1991), citing Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976). The prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment mandates only that prisoners be afforded humane conditions of confinement and that they receive adequate food, shelter, clothing and medical care. Herman v. Holiday, 238 F.3d 660, 664 (5
Applying the foregoing standard, the Court finds that the plaintiff has failed to make a sufficient showing relative to alleged unconstitutional conditions within his housing unit(s) at LSP. First, the law is clear that generalized conclusory assertions regarding over-crowding are not sufficient to support a claim of constitutional dimension. See Thompson v. Stalder, 2008 WL 874138, *7 (M.D. La. April 1, 2008) (noting that a claim of mere over-crowding, without more, does not state a violation of an inmate's constitutional rights); Collins v. Ainsworth, 382 F.3d 529, 540 (5
The plaintiff also complains regarding the policy at LSP that results in his being charged co-payments when he seeks medical treatment at the facility. The plaintiff complains that this policy is unfairly applied to him and, in any event, that the policy has not been properly promulgated in accordance with the Louisiana Administrative Procedure Act, La. R.S. 49:950, et seq. A claim regarding the alleged failure to promulgate a prison rule or regulation fails to amount to a federal due process violation. In order to state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the plaintiff must allege a violation of rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States. Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527, 535 (1981). The obligation of state officials to promulgate rules and regulations in accordance with the Louisiana Administrative Procedure Act, however, is a procedural requirement solely of state law. See Marshall v. Lynn, 3 F.3d 440 (5
The plaintiff also includes an assertion in his Complaint that the defendants' actions constitute a violation of the ADA. In this regard, "[t]he ADA is a federal anti-discrimination statute designed `[t]o provide a clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities.'" Delano-Pyle v. Victoria County, Texas, 302 F.3d 567, 574 (5
Applying the foregoing standard, it is abundantly clear that the plaintiff has not stated a claim relative to any violation of the ADA. Even assuming that the plaintiff has shown that he is a qualified individual with a disability subject to the provisions of the ADA, the plaintiff's allegations regarding his medical care and the generalized conditions to which he and other inmates have been subjected in the LSP housing units do not suggest that he has been denied any services, programs or activities or that such denial has been by reason of such disability. Specifically, the courts have concluded that, when a "plaintiff's core complaint [is] incompetent treatment for his underlying medical condition, [s]uch a complaint does not state a claim for relief under the ADA because `[t]he ADA does not create a remedy for medical malpractice.'" Brown v. Wilson, 2012 WL 6719464, *3 (N.D. Tex. Dec. 27, 2012), quoting Moore v. Prison Health Services, Inc., 24 F.Supp.2d 1164, 1168 (D. Kan. 1998), affirmed, 201 F.3d 448 (10
Finally, the plaintiff complains generally regarding the medical care that he has received at LSP and specifically regarding the medical care that he has received for his hernia(s), and he asserts that the defendants have violated his constitutional rights through deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs. Specifically relative to his hernia(s), he asserts that the defendants have failed and/or refused to provide appropriate surgical intervention to address this painful and dangerous medical condition.
An inmate who seeks to assert a claim regarding inadequate medical care under § 1983 must be able to show that appropriate medical care has been denied and that the denial has constituted "deliberate indifference to serious medical needs." Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976); Johnson v. Treen, 759 F.2d 1236, 1237 (5
Applying the foregoing principles, the Court first finds that the plaintiff's claim regarding generalized deficiencies in the medical care provided at LSP is conclusory and does not support a potential finding of liability relative to the defendants. However, with regard to the plaintiff's claim regarding deficient care for his hernia(s), whereas the issue is a close one in this case, the Court concludes that summary judgment is not appropriate in connection with this aspect of the plaintiff's claim. Specifically, whereas there is evidence in the record that the plaintiff's medical condition in general and his COPD in specific have warranted a conclusion, at different times, that he is not a good candidate for hernia surgery, this is not the end of the inquiry. If it were, the Court would likely find that the defendants have not ignored the plaintiff's medical needs and have exercised their medical judgment and concluded that the plaintiff cannot undergo a surgical repair. Notwithstanding, there is also evidence in the record that for a number of years prior to 2011, the plaintiff has suffered with hernia(s), and his complaints have warranted several evaluations at LSP and Earl K. Long Hospital for surgical repair. There are numerous references to possible surgical repair of these hernias in 2011, and as early as November, 2011, the plaintiff was determined to "need[] hernia repair," and tests were ordered to clear him for surgery. See R. Doc. 29-3 at p. 41. These tests were undertaken and, in January, 2012, the plaintiff was "cleared for surgery" by an LSP physician based upon the plaintiff's then condition. See id. at pp. 44 and 49. Notwithstanding, the surgery was not thereafter undertaken, and the record is not clear as to the reason for this failure. Whereas the plaintiff's general medical condition may have since deteriorated, such that surgery is no longer a tenable option, this does not explain the failure to provide the "need[ed]" surgery when the plaintiff was cleared for that procedure. In addition, this case is complicated by the fact that the defendants have admitted, for purposes of this case,
Finally, to the extent that the plaintiff's allegations may be interpreted as seeking to invoke the supplemental jurisdiction of this court over potential state law claims, a district court may decline the exercise of supplemental jurisdiction if a plaintiff's state law claims raise novel or complex issues of state law, if the claims substantially predominate over the claims over which the district court has original jurisdiction, if the district court has dismissed all claims over which it had original jurisdiction, or for other compelling reasons. 28 U.S.C. § 1367. In the instant case, having considered the allegations of the plaintiff's Complaint and having recommended that all but one of the plaintiff's federal claims be dismissed, the Court recommends that the exercise of supplemental jurisdiction be declined.
It is recommended that the Court decline the exercise of supplemental jurisdiction over the plaintiff's state law claims. It is further recommended that the plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment (R. Doc. 31) be denied and that the defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment (R. Doc. 29) be granted in part, dismissing all of the plaintiff's claims asserted against the defendants except his claim for compensatory damages asserted against defendant Jason Collins in the defendant's individual capacity and the plaintiff's claim for injunctive relief asserted against the defendants based upon alleged deliberate medical indifference in connection with the plaintiff's need for surgical repair of his diagnosed hernia(s). It is further recommended that this matter be referred back to the Magistrate Judge for further proceedings.