CATHERINE C. BLAKE, District Judge.
Now pending before the court is defendant Fulton Bank's motion to dismiss. Plaintiff Luceil A. McKinney has sued Fulton Bank, as successor by merger with Resource Bank, asserting claims under the Truth in Lending Act ("TILA"), 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq., the Federal Reserve Board Regulation Z ("Regulation Z"), 12 C.F.R. § 226.1 et seq., the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA"), 12 U.S.C. § 2602 et seq., the Maryland Commercial Code, the Maryland Consumer Protection Act ("MCPA"), Md.Code Ann., Com. Law § 13-101 et seq., and state common law. The issues in this case have been fully briefed and no hearing is necessary. For the reasons stated below, Fulton Bank's motion will be denied in part and granted in part.
On March 2, 2006, Ms. McKinney applied for a construction/permanent loan from Fulton Bank in the amount of $930,000.00 to build a home at 2236 Mt. Tabor Road in Gambrills, Maryland ("Mt. Tabor house"). Instead, on April 27, 2006 (the "closing"), Ms. McKinney entered into a loan with Fulton Bank for $997,000.00. Ms. McKinney claims that Fulton Bank submitted fraudulent construction plans to its underwriting department to obtain approval for the loan. In addition, Ms. McKinney alleges that Fulton Bank violated several federal and state laws by failing to make certain disclosures and issue documents on time. Ms. McKinney claims that
Ms. McKinney claims that the deed of trust on the Twin Oaks house, as her principal dwelling, entitled her to a three-day right to cancel the loan transaction and that Fulton Bank should have informed her of this right. As Fulton Bank never provided Ms. McKinney with forms explaining her right to cancel, she claims she now has an extended right to cancel. She alleges that she exercised this right on or about April 6, 2009 by sending a letter to Fulton Bank's counsel rescinding her loan. Ms. McKinney also sent the rescission letter to Craig A. Roda, President and Chief Executive Officer for Fulton Bank, on April 24, 2009. According to Ms. McKinney, by exercising her right of rescission, she has automatically voided Fulton Bank's security interest and Fulton Bank retroactively has lost the right to charge interest, fees, and costs on the loan. Nevertheless, Fulton Bank foreclosed on the Mt. Tabor house. As a result of the foreclosure, Ms. McKinney claims to have suffered thousands of dollars in damages relating to costs of the loan and improvements she made to the house such as installing a propane tank, alarm system, water treatment system, lighting, and appliances.
Ms. McKinney filed suit on April 24, 2009 to recoup these alleged damages and to rescind her loan from Fulton Bank. Ms. McKinney claims that Fulton Bank violated TILA, Regulation Z, and RESPA (Count I), the Maryland Commercial Code (Count II), and the MCPA (Count III). In addition, Ms. McKinney seeks to quiet title to the Twin Oaks house (Count IV) and brings state common law claims for breach of contract (Count V) and negligence (Count VI). Fulton Bank now moves to dismiss Counts I, III, IV, and VI of the complaint. Each challenged claim will be addressed in turn.
"[T]he purpose of Rule 12(b)(6) is to test the sufficiency of a complaint and not to resolve contests surrounding the facts, the merits of a claim, or the applicability of defenses." Presley v. City of Charlottesville, 464 F.3d 480, 483 (4th Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks and alterations omitted) (quoting Edwards v. City of Goldsboro, 178 F.3d 231, 243 (4th Cir. 1999)). When ruling on such a motion, the court must "accept the well-pled allegations of the complaint as true," and "construe the facts and reasonable inferences derived therefrom in the light most favorable to the plaintiff." Ibarra v. United States, 120 F.3d 472, 474 (4th Cir.1997).
Ms. McKinney claims in Count I that Fulton Bank violated TILA, Regulation Z,
Ms. McKinney asks for monetary damages in Count I of her complaint. Yet Fulton Bank points out that actions to collect monetary damages under TILA must be brought "within one year from the date of the occurrence of the violation." 15 U.S.C. § 1640(e). The latest date of any alleged violation in Ms. McKinney's complaint is April 27, 2006, the date of the closing, when Fulton Bank failed to provide Ms. McKinney with an accurate TILA disclosure form. (See Compl. ¶ 8.) Ms. McKinney did not file this lawsuit, however, until April 24, 2009, nearly three years after the latest alleged legal violation. Ms. McKinney does not contest the existence of the one-year statute of limitations, but asserts that the question of whether an action is time-barred is a mixed question of fact and law that may not be resolved on a motion to dismiss. When there is no factual dispute as to the date of the alleged violation, however, the court may determine whether a cause of action is time-barred as a matter of law. See Fischer v. Viacom Int'l, Inc., 115 F.Supp.2d 535, 539 (D.Md.2000) (noting that whether an action is time-barred "may be taken from the jury when the court determines, as a matter of law, that the plaintiff did not file the suit within the prescribed time"). In this case, there is no dispute over the date of the closing and Ms. McKinney has not alleged any violations of TILA occurring after April 27, 2006. Therefore, Ms. McKinney may not bring a claim for monetary
In Count IV, Ms. McKinney also seeks to invoke her right to rescind the loan under TILA. See 15 U.S.C. § 1635(a). TILA grants consumers whose loans are secured by their principal dwellings the right to rescind their loan transactions "until midnight of the third business day following the consummation of the transaction or the delivery of the information and rescission forms required under this section together with a statement containing the material disclosures required under this subchapter, whichever is later. . . ." Id. If the lender never delivers the required disclosures to the consumer, the consumer has three years from "the date of the consummation of the transaction or upon the sale of the property, whichever occurs first," to exercise her right of rescission. § 1635(f). When a consumer enters into a loan transaction to acquire or fund the initial construction of her dwelling, however, and the loan is secured by that same dwelling, the loan constitutes a "residential mortgage transaction" which is exempt from the right of rescission. See § 1635(e)(1); 15 U.S.C. § 1602(w).
Ms. McKinney claims that she has retained her right of rescission because she never received an accurate TILA disclosure form and less than three years have passed between the date of the closing and the date on which she filed suit. Fulton Bank, however, argues that the right of rescission was never available to Ms. McKinney for the $200,000 Deed of Trust because it was secured by her Twin Oaks house, which was not her principal dwelling. Specifically, Fulton Bank points to Ms. McKinney's Uniform Residential Loan Application, where Ms. McKinney specified that the Mt. Tabor house would be her primary residence.
Ms. McKinney also claims that Fulton Bank violated RESPA in Count I of her complaint. She does not cite specific sections of RESPA, but she appears to claim that the law was violated by Fulton Bank's failure to provide an accurate good faith estimate, an accurate settlement statement at least one day prior to the transaction closing date, and required disclosures prior to the closing. Ms. McKinney's RESPA claim fails, however, because RESPA does not provide a private cause of action for any of the alleged violations. 12 U.S.C. § 2614 provides a private right of action for actions brought pursuant to 12 U.S.C. §§ 2605, 2607, and 2608.
Ms. McKinney does not claim that Fulton Bank violated any of the sections of RESPA for which a private cause of action has been recognized. See 12 U.S.C. § 2605 (mandating disclosures relating to the assignment, sale, or transfer of a loan); 12 U.S.C. § 2607 (prohibiting kickbacks and unearned fees); 12 U.S.C. § 2608 (prohibiting sellers from requiring the
Count III of the complaint claims that Fulton Bank committed unfair and deceptive trade practices, in violation of the MCPA, by knowingly failing to disclose material facts to Ms. McKinney and by making material representations to her regarding the terms of the loan. Ms. McKinney claims she detrimentally relied on these misrepresentations because she otherwise would not have entered into the loan. Ms. McKinney also claims, "on information and belief," that Fulton Bank submitted fraudulent construction plans to its underwriting department to obtain approval of the loan. (Compl. ¶ 26.) As a result, the loan was approved and Fulton Bank later made financial demands, including a demand for a large principal curtailment, that Ms. McKinney could not meet.
As Ms. McKinney's MCPA claim sounds in fraud, it is subject to the heightened pleading requirements of Fed.R.Civ.P. 9(b). See Haley v. Corcoran, 659 F.Supp.2d 714, 724 n. 10 (D.Md.2009); Johnson v. Wheeler, 492 F.Supp.2d 492, 509 (D.Md.2007). Under Rule 9(b), Ms. McKinney must state her claim of fraud with particularity, specifying the "date, place and time of active misrepresentations or the circumstances of active concealments. . . ." Johnson, 492 F.Supp.2d at 509. Ms. McKinney has not provided any of these facts in her complaint, nor has she identified the content of the alleged misrepresentations and fraudulent construction plans or the identity of the individuals responsible for them. Accordingly, Ms. McKinney has failed to state her MCPA claim with sufficient particularity and Count III must be dismissed.
Finally, Fulton Bank argues that Ms. McKinney's negligence claim should be dismissed. Under Maryland law, a plaintiff must establish four elements to prove negligence: (1) a duty owed by the defendant; (2) a breach of that duty by the defendant; (3) "a legally cognizable causal relationship between the breach of duty and the harm suffered"; and (4) damages. Jacques v. First Nat'l Bank of Md., 307 Md. 527, 515 A.2d 756, 758 (1986). Fulton Bank argues that Ms. McKinney cannot state a claim for negligence because it never owed her a duty of care. Yet Ms. McKinney notes that in Jacques v. First Nat'l Bank of Md., the Maryland Court of Appeals found that a bank did owe a consumer a duty of care in a loan transaction. Although the Jacques court recognized a duty of care arising from the parties' contractual relationship, the existence of the contract was not entirely dispositive. See Jacques, 515 A.2d at 759 (noting that a contractual duty does not "by that fact alone become a tort duty" and that "every contractual duty does not also impose a tort duty").
Indeed the court stated that "[t]he mere negligent breach of a contract, absent a duty or obligation imposed by law independent of that arising out of the contract itself, is not enough to sustain an action sounding in tort." Id. (quoting Heckrotte v. Riddle, 224 Md. 591, 168 A.2d 879, 882 (1961)). Instead, to recognize a duty of care in a case involving parties to a contract, a court must find a duty that "is imposed by or arises out of the circumstances surrounding or attending the transaction. . . ." Id. (quoting Slacum v. Eastern Shore Trust Co., 163 Md. 350, 163
The Fourth Circuit has interpreted the holding of Jacques as limited to circumstances involving a vulnerable party. See Lawyers Title Ins. Corp. v. Rex Title Corp., 282 F.3d 292, 294 (4th Cir.2002). The court referred to the Jacques holding as a "narrow exception" to the general rule that "Maryland does not recognize a cause of action for negligence arising solely from a contractual relationship between two parties." Id. at 293-294. Instead, a tort duty only arises if a contractual obligation is accompanied by an independent duty. See id. at 294. In the present case, however, Ms. McKinney has not articulated any independent duty owed to her by Fulton Bank that is separate from its contractual obligations. Ms. McKinney's allegations of negligence are really breach of contract claims. Indeed the claims that Fulton Bank failed to convert the loan to a permanent loan and altered the terms of the loan after the closing appear in both Count VI, for negligence, and Count V, for breach of contract. (See Compl. ¶¶ 50(a)-(b), 54(a)-(b).) In addition, there is no indication that Ms. McKinney is a vulnerable party. Therefore, there are no special circumstances warranting a departure from the general rule that contractual relationships do not give rise to causes of action for negligence. Accordingly, Count VI will be dismissed.
For the foregoing reasons, Fulton Bank's motion to dismiss will be denied in part and granted in part. A separate Order follows.