Filed: Mar. 13, 2016
Latest Update: Mar. 13, 2016
Summary: MEMORANDUM AND ORDER JAMES K. BREDAR , District Judge . The Court has pending before it this lawsuit brought by Plaintiff Malibu Media ("Malibu" or "Plaintiff') alleging copyright infringement and other claims against a single "John Doe" defendant ("Doe Defendant"), who is alleged to have utilized the BitTorrent file distribution network to download adult pornographic films subject to copyrights held by Malibu. The Doe Defendant has been identified in the lawsuit only by an Internet Protoc
Summary: MEMORANDUM AND ORDER JAMES K. BREDAR , District Judge . The Court has pending before it this lawsuit brought by Plaintiff Malibu Media ("Malibu" or "Plaintiff') alleging copyright infringement and other claims against a single "John Doe" defendant ("Doe Defendant"), who is alleged to have utilized the BitTorrent file distribution network to download adult pornographic films subject to copyrights held by Malibu. The Doe Defendant has been identified in the lawsuit only by an Internet Protoco..
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MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
JAMES K. BREDAR, District Judge.
The Court has pending before it this lawsuit brought by Plaintiff Malibu Media ("Malibu" or "Plaintiff') alleging copyright infringement and other claims against a single "John Doe" defendant ("Doe Defendant"), who is alleged to have utilized the BitTorrent file distribution network to download adult pornographic films subject to copyrights held by Malibu. The Doe Defendant has been identified in the lawsuit only by an Internet Protocol address1 ("IP Address") assigned to a customer on a specific date by an Internet Service Provider ("ISP" or "Provider") and through which the copyrighted work was allegedly downloaded. Malibu has filed a motion for leave to serve a third-party subpoena prior to a Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(f) discovery conference (ECF No.2), requesting permission to initiate discovery to identify the account subscriber ("Doe Subscriber") associated with the IP Address used to download its copyrighted films, notwithstanding the provisions of Rule 26(d)(1), which preclude a party from seeking discovery from any source before the parties have conferred as required by Rule 26(f). Malibu contends that it must be permitted to issue a Rule 45 subpoena to Providers to identify the customer assigned the IP Address on the date or dates in question in order to learn the identity of the person responsible for downloading the copyrighted works, and that there is no other way for it to obtain this information.
The Court is aware that in similar cases filed by plaintiffs in other jurisdictions against Doe Defendants, concerns have been raised as to the sufficiency of the allegations of complaints because association of an IP address with a customer may be insufficient to state a claim.2 There also have been reports of plaintiffs undertaking abusive settlement negotiations with Doe Defendants due to the pornographic content in the copyrighted works, the potential for embarrassment, and the possibility of defendants paying settlements even though they did not download the plaintiff's copyrighted material.3
Having considered the concerns raised by other courts that have addressed similar cases, and Malibu's motion requesting permission to initiate discovery to identify the John Doe Subscriber, the Court GRANTS the motion, subject to the following conditions and limitations:
1. Malibu may obtain from the clerk a Subpoena to be served on the ISP through which the Doe Subscriber allegedly downloaded the copyrighted work, and it may serve the ISP in accordance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45. The Subpoena may command production of documents and/or electronically stored information (collectively, "Information") identifying the Doe Subscriber. The Subpoena shall have as an attachment a copy of the complaint filed in this lawsuit, and a copy of this Order.
2. After having been served with the Subpoena, the ISP will delay producing to Malibu the subpoenaed Information until after it has provided the Doe Subscriber with
a. Notice that this suit has been filed naming the Doe Subscriber as the one that allegedly downloaded copyright protected work;
b. A copy of the Subpoena, the complaint filed in this lawsuit, and this Order;
c. Notice that the ISP will comply with the Subpoena and produce to Malibu the Information sought in the Subpoena unless, within 30 days of service of the Subpoena, the Doe Subscriber files a motion to quash the Subpoena or for other appropriate relief in this Court. If a timely motion to quash is filed, the ISP shall not produce the subpoenaed Information until the Court acts on the motion.
3. The Doe Subscriber may move to quash the Subpoena anonymously, but MUST PROVIDE his or her name and current address to the Clerk of the Court so that the Court may provide notice of the filings to the Subscriber. This may be accomplished by completing and mailing to the Clerk of the Court the attached form. This contact information will not be disclosed to the Plaintiff and will be used solely for the purposes stated above. The Court will not decide any motions until the Doe Subscriber has provided all required information. If the Doe Subscriber fails to file a motion to quash the Subpoena or for other appropriate relief within 30 days, the ISP shall provide to Malibu the Information requested in the Subpoena within 14 days. Malibu's use of this Information shall be restricted as further provided in this Order. Pursuant to Rule 45(c), Malibu shall reimburse the ISP for its reasonable costs and expenses, including attorney's fees, associated with complying with the Subpoena and this Order.
4. On receipt of the Information from the ISP, Malibu must mark it as "Highly Confidential," and, in the absence of further order of the Court, may only use it to determine whether, pursuant to Rule 11(b), it has sufficient information to amend the complaint to name as an individual defendant the Subscriber. Unless otherwise ordered by the Court, Malibu, its agents, representatives, and attorneys may not disclose the Information received from the ISP to any person not directly involved as an attorney in representing Malibu in this copyright infringement action relating to the Information received, except as provided below. Any person to whom the Information or its contents is disclosed shall be required to sign an agreement to be bound by the provisions of this Order, enforceable by an action for contempt, prior to being informed of the Information or its contents. Any amended complaint filed by Malibu naming an individual defendant shall be filed so that the name and any specifically identifying information is redacted from the publicly available court docket, to be replaced by first and last initials only, with an unredacted copy of the amended complaint filed under seal. If Malibu determines that the Information received pursuant to the Subpoena is insufficient to support the filing of an amended complaint, it may
a. Serve a subpoena pursuant to Rule 45(a)(1)(B) commanding the Subscriber to appear and attend a deposition to answer questions regarding whether the Subscriber was responsible for downloading the copyrighted work alleged in the original complaint.
b. Pursuant to Rule 26(b)(2)(C), the deposition permitted pursuant to paragraph 4.a of this Order shall not last more than one hour in duration. Pursuant to Rule 37(a)(4), the Subscriber shall answer questions fully and unevasively, but may refuse to answer questions that would require the disclosure of privileged (including the 5th Amendment privilege against self-incrimination) or work product protected information, as described in Rule 26(b)(1), (3), and (5).
c. No further discovery will be permitted unless authorized by the Court.
5. Malibu is prohibited from initiating, directly or indirectly, any settlement communications with any unrepresented Doe Defendant whose identity has been revealed pursuant to the Subpoena or deposition described in paragraph 4 above. Any settlement communications with an unrepresented Doe Defendant shall be initiated only as approved by the Court. On request submitted to the Court at any time by Malibu or the Doe Subscriber, whether represented or unrepresented, settlement shall be conducted under supervision of one or more Magistrate Judges designated by the Court for this purpose. Unless otherwise ordered by the Court, any settlement negotiations shall be subject to the confidentiality provisions of Local Rule 607.4. This paragraph shall not prevent Malibu from initiating or responding to a request for settlement communications with a Doe Defendant who is represented by counsel.
6. Within five (5) business days of this Order—and in any event, before it may serve any subpoena on the Doe Defendant's ISP—both Malibu and its counsel shall file certifications substantially identical to the forms attached as Exhibits A and B, respectively. If any additional attorneys wish to appear on behalf of Malibu in this action, they shall execute an identical certification and attach it to their appearance or motion for admission pro hac vice, as appropriate.
To the extent that the provisions herein, and particularly those in paragraphs four and five, limit the ways that Malibu may use any Information that it receives, those limitations are the conditions upon which Malibu is permitted to seek and receive expedited discovery. Accordingly, those limitations remain in effect until and unless modified by an order of this Court and do not expire at the conclusion of this litigation, irrespective of whether by entry of judgment, stipulation of dismissal, voluntary dismissal by Plaintiff, or other resolution.
