WILDER, J.

This matter involves two consolidated appeals from two cases that were also consolidated in the lower court.1 Plaintiffs appeal as of right the circuit court's opinion and order denying their motion for reconsideration of the court's denial of their requests under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), MCL 15.231 et seq., and dismissing their claims. We affirm in both cases.

These cases arise out of FOIA requests submitted in 2010 to defendant, the Oakland County Prosecutor, for documents regarding Christopher Busch's possible involvement in the abductions and killings of four children in Oakland County in 1976 and 1977, a series of crimes known as the Oakland County Child Killings (OCCK). Plaintiffs, Barry L. King and Christopher K. King, are, respectively, the father and brother of Timothy King, the fourth and final victim of the OCCK. In January and February 1977, after three of the children had been killed, Busch was briefly considered a suspect in the murder of the first OCCK victim, but he was allegedly cleared by law enforcement officials following a polygraph examination. Then, in March 1977, Timothy King was abducted and killed. In November 1978, Busch died in an apparent suicide. The OCCK remain unsolved to this day, but numerous persons other than Busch have been considered as possible suspects over the last 35 years. Defendant denied plaintiffs' FOIA requests for information regarding Busch's possible involvement in the OCCK, and the circuit court upheld the FOIA denials given the existence of an active, ongoing investigation and dismissed the cases.

Plaintiffs argue that the circuit court erred by concluding that the FOIA exception for investigative records, the disclosure of which would interfere with law enforcement proceedings, MCL 15.243(1)(b)(i), exempted defendant from producing the requested documents and that the circuit court failed to follow the required procedure in making its decision. We disagree. This Court "review[s] for an abuse of discretion a trial court's decision on a motion for reconsideration. A trial court abuses its discretion when it reaches a decision that falls outside the range of principled outcomes." Luckow Estate v. Luckow, 291 Mich.App. 417, 423, 805 N.W.2d 453 (2011) (citation omitted). "This Court ... reviews de novo a trial court's legal determination in a FOIA case." Hopkins v. Duncan Twp., 294 Mich.App. 401, 408, 812 N.W.2d 27 (2011). "[T]he clear error standard of review is appropriate in FOIA cases where a party challenges the underlying facts that support the trial court's decision. In that case, the appellate court must defer to the trial court's view of the facts unless the appellate court is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made by the trial court." Herald Co., Inc. v. Eastern Mich. Univ. Bd. of Regents, 475 Mich. 463, 472, 719 N.W.2d 19 (2006). Any discretionary determinations in FOIA cases are reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Id.

The purpose of FOIA is set forth in MCL 15.231(2):

"FOIA provides that `a person' has a right to inspect, copy, or receive public records upon providing a written request to the FOIA coordinator of the public body." Detroit Free Press, Inc. v. City of Southfield, 269 Mich.App. 275, 290, 713 N.W.2d 28 (2005). "Under FOIA, a public body must disclose all public records that are not specifically exempt under the act." Hopkins, 294 Mich.App. at 409, 812 N.W.2d 27. See also MCL 15.233(1).

MCL 15.243 permits a public body to exempt certain records and information from disclosure. The exemption at issue here is set forth in MCL 15.243(1)(b)(i), which states:

In Evening News Ass'n v. City of Troy, 417 Mich. 481, 486, 339 N.W.2d 421 (1983), our Supreme Court held that a generic determination that the release of documents would interfere with law-enforcement proceedings is not sufficient to sustain a denial under the law-enforcement-proceedings exemption. Relying on provisions in our FOIA and on federal caselaw interpreting the similar federal FOIA,2 the Evening News Court identified six rules that a court should use when analyzing a claimed exemption under FOIA:

The Evening News Court also discussed the procedural difficulties that inhere in determining whether a FOIA exemption applies in light of the asserted confidentiality of the information contained in the requested documents. "Where one party is cognizant of the subject matter of litigation and the other is not, the normal common-law tradition of adversarial resolution of matters is decidedly hampered, if not brought to a complete impasse." Id. at 514, 339 N.W.2d 421. Again turning to federal caselaw for guidance, the Evening News Court identified a three-step procedure that trial courts should use in analyzing an asserted exemption:

The use of the conjunctive "or" in this three-step process indicates that "a trial court need not use all three of these alternatives in every case before concluding that an FOIA request is properly denied." Herald Co., Inc. v. Kalamazoo, 229 Mich.App. 376, 384 n. 3, 581 N.W.2d 295 (1998).

In this case, the record reflects that the circuit court was aware of and followed the proper procedure set forth in Evening News. The circuit court had earlier denied defendant's motion for summary disposition because defendant failed to present admissible evidence that the investigation of Busch was active and ongoing and that release of documents relating to Busch would interfere with the investigation. But later, in connection with plaintiffs' motion for an order to show cause why the requested documents should not be produced, the court ordered that defendant could file affidavits or other documents for the court to review in camera. The court subsequently entered a clarifying order allowing defendant to submit documents for in camera review for the purpose of substantiating statements made in affidavits that defendant had already presented to the circuit court. On December 17, 2010, following its in camera review of the affidavits and documents submitted by defendant, the circuit court issued a written opinion and order noting that defendant had

Then, after plaintiffs asked for reconsideration, the circuit court issued an opinion and order on July 7, 2011, denying reconsideration, dismissing plaintiffs' claims without prejudice to their ability to submit a new FOIA request, and closing the case. The court reasoned, in relevant part:

A review of the circuit court's orders and opinions reflects that the court properly understood and followed the Evening News procedures. The court recognized that defendant bore the burden of proving that the asserted exemption applied and, thus, denied defendant's motion for summary disposition because defendant had not yet submitted affidavits and documents to sustain that burden. The court further recognized that to establish the law-enforcement-proceedings exemption, defendant had to show both that an investigation was open and ongoing and that release of the requested documents "would" interfere with law enforcement proceedings.

Plaintiffs have conceded that an investigation is ongoing,3 but contend that the circuit court applied an erroneous standard in finding that releasing the documents could interfere with law enforcement proceedings. In its December 17, 2010, opinion and order, the circuit court correctly stated that defendant had the "burden of demonstrating that disclosure of the requested information would interfere with law enforcement proceedings." (Quotation marks and citations omitted; emphasis added.) However, despite its correct recitation of the proper standard, the circuit court found that the law-enforcement-proceedings exemption applied in this case because the investigation "could be compromised by release of any information regarding Christopher Busch." (Emphasis added.) The circuit court further explained that the information regarding Busch was "inextricably intertwined with other sensitive information such that release of any information could interfere with the investigation." (Emphasis added.)

If this was the extent of the circuit court's findings, we would agree that the findings, would not have supported the circuit court's decision to sustain defendant's refusal to release the requested materials under the law-enforcement-proceedings exception. Our Supreme Court has made it clear that finding that the requested information merely "could" hamper an investigation is insufficient to satisfy the law-enforcement-proceedings exemption under MCL 15.243(1)(b)(i). Evening News, 417 Mich. at 505-508, 339 N.W.2d 421. "Could" and "would" are "obviously not the same thing. The statute is positive. [An] opinion [using "could"] is tentative." Id. at 506, 339 N.W.2d 421. However, the circuit court's findings in its opinion and order denying plaintiffs' request for reconsideration constituted a clarification of its December 17, 2010, opinion, by again reciting the correct standard and by indicating that the release of the requested information would interfere with an active and ongoing investigation.4 Therefore, we conclude that the circuit court found that the release of the information would interfere with law enforcement proceedings and that this finding supported its legal determination to sustain defendant's denial of disclosure.

In addition, the circuit court did not make a generic determination that the exemption applied. Following its in camera review of the submitted documents, the court made a particularized finding that did not merely recite the statutory language. It found that the information submitted in camera established that the investigation was active, open, and ongoing; that "law enforcement officials are tenaciously pursuing a resolution to the investigation into these terrible crimes"; and that that the requested information regarding Busch "is inextricably intertwined with other sensitive information...." Thus, unlike in Evening News, 417 Mich. at 506, 339 N.W.2d 421, the circuit court here gave a reason why disclosure would interfere with law enforcement proceedings. The court's particularized finding regarding why the information concerning Busch fell within the exemption is consistent with the undisputed fact that Busch's death did not end the investigation; indeed, plaintiffs concede that there have been numerous other suspects in the investigation. The court's order denying reconsideration clarifies that releasing this inextricably intertwined sensitive information would have interfered with the investigation at the time of the FOIA denials. Given the sensitive nature of the requested information, the active and ongoing status of the investigation, and the existence of numerous suspects over the years, it is reasonable to conclude that releasing the requested documents would have had a detrimental effect on the investigation. See Dickerson v. Dep't of Justice, 992 F.2d 1426, 1433 (C.A.6, 1993) (noting that releasing documents during the ongoing criminal investigation risked revealing to the crime's true perpetrators what investigative leads the Federal Bureau of Investigation was pursuing, thereby permitting the perpetrators to take steps to destroy or tamper with evidence, intimidate witnesses, or construct false alibis). We conclude that the circuit court made particularized findings that conformed to the requirements of Evening News.

Further, the circuit court appropriately reviewed in camera the affidavits and documents submitted by defendant, as allowed under step two of the Evening News three-step procedure. Although the circuit court did not permit plaintiff's counsel to review the materials in camera, it was not required to do so. Kalamazoo, 229 Mich.App. at 384 n. 3, 391, 581 N.W.2d 295.

Plaintiffs also contend that the circuit court erred by failing to require defendant to separate nonexempt from exempt material and to make the nonexempt material regarding Busch available to plaintiffs. However, this argument is based on a false premise; the circuit court did not find that defendant possessed any nonexempt material regarding Busch. Rather, the circuit court's findings, as previously quoted in this opinion, reflect a determination that all the material regarding Busch was "inextricably intertwined with other sensitive information," that the release of this material would have interfered with the investigation, and that the requested information therefore fell within the exemption. The circuit court's findings thus establish that the requested material was exempt. In addition, as the circuit court's opinion denying reconsideration noted, the fact that the Michigan State Police Department later released certain records to plaintiffs does not establish that defendant possessed nonexempt records at the time of the denials of plaintiffs' FOIA requests. See State News v. Mich. State Univ., 481 Mich. 692, 695, 704, 753 N.W.2d 20 (2008) (stating that "[t]he passage of time and the course of events after the assertion of a FOIA exception do not affect whether a public record was initially exempt from disclosure," and that "[t]here is no indication from the text of ... the law-enforcement-purposes exemption ... that the public body's assertion of a FOIA exemption may be reexamined by the circuit court or an appellate court while taking into consideration information not available to the public body when it denied the request").

Because the circuit court clarified on reconsideration that release of the documents would impact an ongoing law enforcement investigation, it did not abuse its discretion by denying plaintiffs' motion for reconsideration on July 7, 2011.5

Given that the requested material was exempt from disclosure under the law-enforcement-proceedings exemption, it is not necessary to address defendant's argument that the material was also exempt under the work-product doctrine. Moreover, the circuit court did not address the work-product doctrine. Given the absence of findings regarding that doctrine following the court's in camera review of the affidavits and documents submitted by defendant, the issue regarding the work-product doctrine does not constitute a question of law for which the necessary facts have been presented. Cf. Carson Fischer Potts & Hyman v. Hyman, 220 Mich.App. 116, 119, 559 N.W.2d 54 (1996). Thus, it is not feasible or necessary for this Court to analyze the applicability of the work-product doctrine in this case.

Plaintiffs next argue that the circuit court erred by denying plaintiffs' requests to compel the depositions of Oakland County Prosecutor Jessica Cooper and Chief Assistant Prosecutor Paul T. Walton or to require their availability for examination at the show cause hearing. We disagree. "This Court reviews a trial court's decision to grant or deny discovery for an abuse of discretion." Shinkle v. Shinkle (On Rehearing), 255 Mich.App. 221, 224, 663 N.W.2d 481 (2003).

Initially, we note that plaintiffs have failed to cite any authority in support of their argument on this issue. "This Court will not search for authority to sustain or reject a party's position. The failure to cite sufficient authority results in the abandonment of an issue on appeal." Hughes v. Almena Twp., 284 Mich.App. 50, 71-72, 771 N.W.2d 453 (2009) (citation omitted). Therefore, this issue is deemed abandoned.

In any event, plaintiffs have failed to establish that the denials of their requests to depose Cooper and Walton or to require their availability for examination at the show cause hearing fell outside the range of principled outcomes. In Messenger v. Ingham Co. Prosecutor, 232 Mich.App. 633, 636, 591 N.W.2d 393 (1998), the plaintiff had previously been prosecuted for manslaughter. After he was acquitted, the plaintiff filed a FOIA request seeking to obtain his criminal case file. The prosecutor refused to disclose some documents, and the plaintiff filed a FOIA action against the prosecutor. Following an in camera review, the circuit court concluded that some documents were exempt from disclosure. Id. The "[p]laintiff had scheduled a deposition of an attorney who had personally participated in preparations for the prosecution of plaintiff, but the court reasoned that the additional discovery would not assist in its in camera review of the documents in question and so decided the case without allowing the deposition to take place." Id. On appeal, the plaintiff argued that the circuit court had erred by deciding the case before the scheduled deposition of the assistant prosecutor. Id. at 646, 591 N.W.2d 393. This Court held that because the assertion of a public interest in disclosure could not overcome the statutory FOIA exemption at issue in that case, the circuit court was not required to permit the deposition. Id. This Court also reasoned:

See also Augustine v. Allstate Ins. Co., 292 Mich.App. 408, 419-420, 807 N.W.2d 77 (2011) ("Michigan's commitment to open and far-reaching discovery does not encompass fishing expedition[s]. Allowing discovery on the basis of conjecture would amount to allowing an impermissible fishing expedition.") (quotation marks and citations omitted; alteration in original).

In this case, plaintiffs have failed to articulate a sufficient reason why they should have been permitted to depose Cooper and Walton or to examine them at the show cause hearing. Plaintiffs merely assert that the credibility of Cooper and Walton was at issue and speculate about possible motives that Cooper or her office may have had for withholding information regarding Busch. Plaintiffs identify no evidence in the record to support these assertions. Nor have plaintiffs identified any disputed factual issues regarding which Cooper or Walton should have been compelled to testify. Plaintiffs have thus failed to establish that deposing these officials was essential to prevent prejudice or injustice, or that a deposition would have amounted to anything more than a fishing expedition. See Messenger, 232 Mich.App. at 646-647, 591 N.W.2d 393.

Furthermore, the circuit court properly made its determination regarding the applicability of the exemption on the basis of an in camera review of the affidavits and documents submitted by defendant, in accordance with the procedures set forth in Evening News. There is no basis to conclude that requiring Cooper and Walton to be deposed or to be available for examination at the show cause hearing would have aided the circuit court's determination regarding whether the requested material fell within the law-enforcement-proceedings exemption.

Plaintiffs' final argument on appeal is that defendant violated a constitutional duty to confer with plaintiffs. We disagree. Generally, an issue must have been raised before, and addressed and decided by, the trial court to be preserved for appellate review. Hines v. Volkswagen of America, Inc., 265 Mich.App. 432, 443, 695 N.W.2d 84 (2005). Plaintiffs first raised this issue when they requested reconsideration of the circuit court's December 17, 2010, decision.6 "Where an issue is first presented in a motion for reconsideration, it is not properly preserved." Vushaj v. Farm Bureau Gen. Ins. Co. of Mich., 284 Mich.App. 513, 519, 773 N.W.2d 758 (2009). Moreover, plaintiffs' complaints did not allege claims for violations of their right to confer with the prosecutor, but rather asserted claims for alleged FOIA violations. Thus, this issue is not preserved.

This Court reviews unpreserved issues for plain error affecting substantial rights. In re HRC, 286 Mich.App. 444, 450, 781 N.W.2d 105 (2009). Also, questions of statutory and constitutional interpretation are reviewed de novo. Dep't of Transp. v. Gilling, 289 Mich.App. 219, 228, 796 N.W.2d 476 (2010).

"The primary objective in interpreting a constitutional provision is to determine the original meaning of the provision to the ratifiers, `we the people,' at the time of ratification." Nat'l Pride At Work, Inc. v. Governor, 481 Mich. 56, 67, 748 N.W.2d 524 (2008). "This Court typically discerns the common understanding of constitutional text by applying each term's plain meaning at the time of ratification." Id. at 67-68, 748 N.W.2d 524. "Technical legal terms must be interpreted in light of the meaning that those sophisticated in the law would have given those terms at the time of ratification." Dep't of Transp. v. Tomkins, 481 Mich. 184, 191, 749 N.W.2d 716 (2008).

Regarding the interpretation of statutes, our Supreme Court has explained that

In 1988, Michigan's Constitution was amended to enumerate the rights of crime victims. People v. Peters, 449 Mich. 515, 524, 537 N.W.2d 160 (1995). In particular, Const. 1963, art. 1, § 24 was added, which provides, in relevant part, as follows:

The phrase "provided by law" has been consistently construed as vesting in the Legislature the authority to act. People v. Bulger, 462 Mich. 495, 508, 614 N.W.2d 103 (2000), overruled in part on other grounds in Halbert v. Michigan, 545 U.S. 605, 125 S.Ct. 2582, 162 L.Ed.2d 552 (2005); see also Chen v. Wayne State Univ., 284 Mich.App. 172, 191, 771 N.W.2d 820 (2009) ("The phrase `provided by law' vests the authority to act in the Legislature...."). Thus, the language of Const. 1963, art. 1, § 24 granting to crime victims the right to confer with the prosecution "as provided by law," and the additional language expressly stating that "[t]he legislature may provide by law for the enforcement of this section," is reasonably understood as granting to the Legislature the authority to prescribe the manner of affording to crime victims the constitutional right of conferral with the prosecution.

The Legislature has acted in this area through the Crime Victim's Rights Act (CVRA), MCL 780.751 et seq. However, article 1 of the CVRA, MCL 780.751 to MCL 780.775, "appl[ies] only to crimes committed on or after October 9, 1985." MCL 780.775(2). And regarding a prosecutor's duties owed to a victim under article 1 of the CVRA, MCL 780.756 states, in relevant part, as follows:

Because it is undisputed that the crime at issue here was committed in March 1977 and because article 1 of the CVRA only applies to crimes committed after October 9, 1985, the CVRA does not apply to the present case. Nonetheless, even assuming that the CVRA did apply, plaintiffs have failed to identify any provision that requires a prosecutor to confer with victims before charges are filed. MCL 780.756 prescribes the duties owed by the prosecutor to each victim after the criminal defendant has been arraigned for the crime. No charges have been filed and no arraignment has occurred in this matter.7 Accordingly, plaintiffs have failed to establish that defendant has violated any constitutional or statutory duty to confer with plaintiffs, and no plain error affecting substantial rights has been demonstrated.

In light of our resolution of the these issues, it is not necessary to address the alternative ground for affirmance urged by defendant — that plaintiffs lacked standing to bring these actions.

Affirmed in both cases. A public question being involved, no costs may be taxed. MCR 7.219(A).

OWENS, J., concurred with WILDER, J.

MURRAY, P.J. (concurring in part, dissenting in part).

I concur in the reasoning and conclusions contained in the majority opinion except for the conclusion that the circuit court gave a sufficiently particularized decision as to why the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), MCL 15.231 et seq., exemption at issue applied. Instead, I would hold that the circuit court's decision was too conclusory and, thus, did not comply with the particularized findings requirement set forth in Evening News Ass'n v. City of Troy, 417 Mich. 481, 339 N.W.2d 421 (1983), and would vacate that part of the trial court's order and remand for the trial court to make the appropriate findings.

No one disputes that under Evening News a trial court is required to give particularized findings of fact as to why a claimed exemption is appropriate. See, e.g., Post-Newsweek Stations v. City of Detroit, 179 Mich.App. 331, 336-338, 445 N.W.2d 529 (1989). The difficult issue is what constitutes a sufficiently particularized finding. There is certainly no clearcut answer. Nevertheless, in canvassing the published opinions issued since Evening News, it seems apparent that the trial court's findings in this case were not sufficient.

As the majority opinion has described, the trial court's rationale for upholding the exemption under MCL 15.243(1)(b)(i) was that release of any information regarding Christopher Busch would compromise the open and ongoing investigation because the Busch information was "inextricably intertwined with other sensitive information...." This finding amounts to nothing more than a partial recitation of the statutory exemption (that an ongoing investigation exists) coupled with a conclusory statement that all the information regarding Busch was "inextricably intertwined" with the other documents in defendant's possession related to the ongoing investigation. Our caselaw requires more than that.

For instance, in State News v. Michigan State Univ., 274 Mich.App. 558, 583, 735 N.W.2d 649 (2007), rev'd in part on other grounds, 481 Mich. 692, 753 N.W.2d 20 (2008), our Court held that "a justification must `indicate factually how a particular document, or category of documents, interferes with law enforcement proceedings[,]'" quoting Evening News, 417 Mich. at 503, 339 N.W.2d 421 (emphasis added). That documents may be intertwined with others containing sensitive information does not explain how release of those documents would interfere with the ongoing investigation. Likewise, in Payne v. Grand Rapids Police Chief, 178 Mich.App. 193, 201, 443 N.W.2d 481 (1989), our Court reversed a trial court's decision upholding an exemption because the trial court's opinion — though somewhat lengthy — was composed of entirely conclusory comments. And, contrary to the majority's assertion, even though the trial court in this case properly conducted an in camera review under Evening News, it was still required to give particularized findings of fact indicating why the claimed exemptions applied. Newark Morning Ledger Co. v. Saginaw Co. Sheriff, 204 Mich.App. 215, 218, 514 N.W.2d 213 (1994), citing Post-Newsweek Stations, 179 Mich.App. at 337-338, 445 N.W.2d 529. In other words, although it is true that a trial court can use any one of the three Evening News procedures to review the evidence, it must still sufficiently explain its decision after employing one of the three Evening News procedures. Id. ("Even when the court chooses to conduct an in camera review, the court still must ... give particularized findings of fact indicating why the claimed exemptions are appropriate.").

For these reasons, I would hold that the trial court did not give sufficiently particularized findings as to why the exemption applies, i.e., how release of the documents regarding Busch that are inextricably intertwined1 with the other documents regarding this ongoing investigation would actually interfere with the ongoing investigation. Of course, as noted earlier, how the trial court complies with this specific requirement is somewhat of an open question. However, it could include a particularization of the different categories or types of documents that were submitted by defendant (e.g., letters, memos, reports, etc.) along with general descriptions as to why divulging the contents of those documents would interfere with the ongoing investigation. See, e.g., Herald Co., Inc. v. Ann Arbor Pub. Sch., 224 Mich.App. 266, 277-278, 568 N.W.2d 411 (1997). Compounding the problem, while making these findings the trial court must take significant caution to ensure that no specific content is divulged that would cause to occur what the exemption is attempting to prevent, i.e., release of information that would interfere with an ongoing investigation. One possible measure that could be taken to remedy this last concern would be for the trial court to make the particularized findings in camera, and seal those findings (along with the documents reviewed) for further appellate review. See Detroit Free Press, Inc. v. City of Detroit, 429 Mich. 860, 412 N.W.2d 653 (1987). In any event, I recognize compliance with these measures entails a difficult and delicate task, but it is a task that Evening News appears to place on the trial courts of this state.