OPINION AND ORDER REGARDING LATE CLAIM REQUEST AND ORDER DISMISSING ACTION
DENISE PAGE HOOD, Chief District Judge.
I. BACKGROUND
Claimant Stephanie Kaelin-Bare seeks to submit a late claim before the Settlement Facility-Dow Corning Trust ("SF-DCT") pursuant to the Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization ("Plan") in the Dow Corning Corporation ("Dow Corning") bankruptcy action.
On December 12, 2007, the Court entered an Agreed Order Allowing Certain Late Claimants Limited Rights to Participate in the Plan's Settlement Facility ("Late Claim Agreed Order") which addressed the issue of claimants seeking to submit a late claim before the SF-DCT. (Case No. 00-00005, Doc. No. 606) The deadline for filing a Proof of Claim in the bankruptcy action was January 15, 1997 (or February 14, 1997 for foreign claimants) and for filing a Notice of Intent to participate before the SF-DCT was August 30, 2004. (1/30/2014 Stipulation and Order to Show Cause, Doc. No. 2, p. 1, n. 1) The Claimants Advisory Committee ("CAC") and Dow Corning agreed that late claim requests dated after June 1, 2007 or received by the Court after June 5, 2007 are presumptively without merit. (Case No. 00-00005, Doc. No. 606, Late Claim Agreed Order, ¶ 15) The CAC and Dow Corning agreed that any claimant filing a late claim request would be required to show excusable neglect as to why the late claim request was submitted after June 1, 2007 or received by the Court after June 5, 2007. (Id.)
After Dow Corning and the CAC reviewed Claimant's late request, the Court entered the January 30, 2014 Stipulation and Order to Show Legal Support and Cause Why Request to File a Late Claim in the Dow Corning Settlement Facility Should not be Dismissed. (Doc. No. 6) Dow Corning and the CAC agree that the SF-DCT records show Claimant did not timely file a Proof of Claim during the bankruptcy proceeding, did not timely submit a Notice of Intent to participate before the SF-DCT, or otherwise submit a request to participate in the Dow Corning bankruptcy case prior to June 2007. Claimant submitted a response to the Show Cause Order. The Court addresses the Claimant's reasons below.
II. ANALYSIS
Section 8.7 Amended Plan of Reorganization states that this Court retains jurisdiction to resolve controversies and disputes regarding the interpretation and implementation of the Plan and the Plan Documents, including the Settlement and Fund Distribution Agreement ("SFA"), and, to enter orders regarding the Plan and Plan Documents. (Plan, §§ 8.7.3, 8.7.4, 8.7.5) The Plan provides for the establishment of the SF-DCT, which is governed by the SFA. (Plan, § 1.131) The SF-DCT was established to resolve Settling Personal Injury Claims in accordance with the Plan. (Plan, § 2.01) The SFA and Annex A to the SFA establish the exclusive criteria by which such claims are evaluated, liquidated, allowed and paid. (SFA, § 5.01) Resolution of the claims are governed by the SFA and corresponding claims resolution procedures in Annex A. (SFA, § 4.01)
Generally, the provisions of a confirmed plan bind the debtor and any creditor. 11 U.S.C. § 1141(a); In re Adkins, 425 F.3d 296, 302 (6th Cir. 2005). Section 1127(b) is the sole means for modification of a confirmed plan which provides that the proponent of a plan or the reorganized debtor may modify such plan at any time after confirmation of such plan and before substantial consummation of the plan. 11 U.S.C. § 1127(b). "In interpreting a confirmed plan courts use contract principles, since the plan is effectively a new contract between the debtor and its creditors." In re Dow Corning Corporation, 456 F.3d 668, 676 (6th Cir. 2006); 11 U.S.C. § 1141(a). "An agreed order, like a consent decree, is in the nature of a contract, and the interpretation of its terms presents a question of contract interpretation." City of Covington v. Covington Landing, Ltd. P'ship, 71 F.3d 1221, 1227 (6th Cir. 1995). A court construing an order consistent with the parties' agreement does not exceed its power. Id. at 1228.
The Supreme Court in addressing a late claim filed beyond the deadline set forth in Bankr. R. 3003 used the "excusable neglect" standard under Fed. R. Civ. P. Rule 60(b)(1) to determine whether the Bankruptcy Court had the authority to enlarge time limitations under Bankr. R. 9006(b), which is patterned after Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b). The Supreme Court approved the following factors that a court may consider in finding excusable neglect: 1) the danger of prejudice to the debtor; 2) the length of the delay and its potential impact on judicial proceedings; 3) the reason for the delay, including whether it was within the reasonable control of the movant; and, 4) whether the movant acted in good faith. Pioneer Inv. Servs. Co. v. Brunswick Assocs. Ltd. P'ship, 507 U.S. 380, 395 (1993). The Supreme Court disapproved the allowance of a late claim based on the omissions of an attorney. Id. at 396. The Supreme Court noted that "clients must be held accountable for the acts and omissions of their attorneys." Id. at 396. A client, having chosen a particular attorney to represent him in a proceeding, cannot "avoid the consequences of the acts or omissions of this freely selected agent," and that "[a]ny other notion would be wholly inconsistent with our system of representative litigation, in which each party is deemed bound by the acts of his lawyer-agent and is considered to have notice of all facts, notice of which can be charged upon the attorney." Id. at 397. In assessing a claim of excusable neglect, "the proper focus is upon whether the neglect of [the parties] and their counsel was excusable." Id. (emphasis in original). An attorney or pro se litigant's failure to timely meet a deadline because of "[i]nadvertence, ignorance of the rules, or mistakes construing the rules do not usually constitute `excusable neglect.'" Id. at 392; Rose v. Dole, 945 F.2d 1331, 1335 (6th Cir. 1991). Equitable tolling, although applied sparingly, has been allowed where a claimant has actively pursued judicial remedies by filing a defective pleading during the statutory period or where the complainant has been induced or tricked by an adversary's misconduct into allowing the filing deadline to pass. Irwin v. Dep't of Veterans Affairs, 489 U.S. 89, 96 (1990). Courts have been less forgiving in receiving late filings where the claimant failed to exercise due diligence in preserving his or her legal rights. Id.
Addressing the prejudice to the debtor (here, reorganized debtor) factor, the Court finds that allowing this one claim to proceed against the SF-DCT would not greatly prejudice the assets under the Plan. However, the history of this bankruptcy action and the post-confirmation bankruptcy proceeding, show that numerous claimants have sought to participate in the settlement program before the SF-DCT. The settlement fund is a capped fund over a limited time period. Allowing this one claim would result in disparate treatment of other claimants who timely submitted their claims before the SF-DCT. If the Court were to allow late claimants to proceed, this would result in substantial costs in terms of claim payments and administrative expenses. The funds to be used to pay out these claims and the administrative costs involved in processing these claims would significantly impact the funds available to the SF-DCT and to the claimants who timely filed their claims. The SF-DCT and Dow Corning would be prejudiced if this and other claims are allowed to proceed before the SF-DCT. This factor weighs in the reorganized debtor's favor.
As to the delay and potential impact on the proceedings factor, again, allowing one claim to go forward may not further delay the administration of the Plan since claims are currently being considered by the SF-DCT. However, allowing this claim, along with other claims would further delay the administration of the Plan. Reviewing late claimants' medical records relating to their claims requires significant time by the claim reviewers and would impact review of timely claims currently before the SF-DCT. This factor weighs in the reorganized debtor's favor.
Regarding the reason for the delay factor, Claimant asserts she received one Dow Corning silicone breast implant at age 15 (apprx. 1985) because of a genetic abnormality. (Doc. No. 1, Pg ID 1) An MRI on April 22, 2013 revealed that Claimant's single implant was ruptured. Id. The implant was removed on June 12, 2013. (Doc. No. 5, Pg ID 18) Claimant asserts that she did not discovery she had a Dow Corning implant until her removal surgery. She did not know about any lawsuit. Claimant asserts she did not hear or see a television commercial, read a newspaper announcement or have proper records or documentation about the Dow Corning breast implants. She asserts that she was a minor at the time of the implant surgery and had no proper documentation. (Doc. No. 8, Pg ID 28)
The Court has previously held that not receiving actual or personal notice or failure to see the published notice of the deadline for filing claims, this argument does not establish excusable neglect for the delay in submitting a claim. (1/30/2014 Stipulation and Order to Show Cause, Doc. No. 6, p. 4) As to her claim that Claimant failed to file any claims because she did not realize her implant was ruptured until the deadlines had passed, the Plan requires "Unmanifested Claims" to be submitted in the bankruptcy action. (Plan, § 1.18) An "Unmanifested Claim" is defined as a "Personal Injury Claim of a Claimant who, as of the Effective Date, has not suffered any injury alleged to have been caused, in whole or in party, by a product of the Debtor." (Plan, § 1.176) The Court has ruled that discovering a condition relating to a Dow Corning product after the deadline to file a Proof of Claim or Notice of Intent to participate does not constitute excusable neglect. (1/30/14 Stipulation and Order to Show Cause, p. 4)
Reviewing Claimant's submissions and her reason that she had no knowledge of any breast implant settlement programs for the delay in submitting a claim, the Court finds that this factor weighs in favor of the reorganized debtor. Lack of knowledge or having an unmanifested claim or failure to meet a deadline because of a mistake in construing the rules do not constitute excusable neglect. The reason for the delay factor weighs in favor of the reorganized debtor.
There has been no showing of bad faith by the Claimant and this factor weighs in her favor.
Weighing the factors noted above, the Court finds Claimant has not shown excusable neglect as to why her late claim should be allowed to be submitted before the SF-DCT.
III. CONCLUSION
Accordingly, for the reasons set forth above,
IT IS ORDERED that Claimant Stephanie Kaelin-Bare's request to submit a late claim (Doc. No. 1) is DENIED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this matter is DISMISSED with prejudice.
