GILDEA, Chief Justice.
Appellant Jason Matakis pleaded guilty to one count of first-degree criminal sexual conduct, Minn. Stat § 609.342, subd. 1(h)(iii) (2014), and was sentenced to 144 months in prison. He later filed a petition for postconviction relief alleging that his guilty plea was not knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently made. The postconviction court denied the petition without an evidentiary hearing, concluding that the petition lacked factual support and failed to meet the substantive requirements for a postconviction petition. Matakis appealed, and the court of appeals affirmed. Matakis v. State, 842 N.W.2d 689, 693 (Minn. App.2014). Because we conclude that the postconviction court did not abuse its discretion, we affirm.
This case arises from statements 13-year-old A.I.M. made in an interview with a Crow Wing County social worker. Specifically, A.I.M. said that Matakis engaged in sexual intercourse with her almost every night when she was between the ages of 9 and 11. The social worker reported the allegations to law enforcement. During a subsequent phone conversation with an investigator from the Brainerd Police Department, Matakis admitted to sexually touching A.I.M. from approximately July 2007 to January 2008. He admitted that he touched her over her underwear, usually a day or two before her period because he thought she seemed more receptive to it then. He also admitted rubbing his penis against her, over her underwear, and said that she would get on top of him and rub against him, sometimes until he ejaculated. Matakis guessed that he did this to her 9 or 10 times, but he repeatedly denied that there was ever any penetration.
Respondent State of Minnesota charged Matakis in Crow Wing County District Court with three counts of criminal sexual conduct in the first degree under Minn. Stat. § 609.342 (2014) and three counts of criminal sexual conduct in the second degree under Minn.Stat. § 609.343 (2014).
On May 10, 2013, 3 days before the expiration of the 2-year statute of limitations for postconviction relief,
On June 4, 2013, without Matakis having filed a memorandum, the postconviction court denied Matakis's request for relief. The court concluded that Matakis "did not fulfill the basic content requirements" of a postconviction petition. The court noted that Matakis's petition "does not state that the lack of documentation unreasonably prohibited [Matakis] from providing any
The court of appeals affirmed, noting that the petition "consisted of argumentative assertions and did not include even implausible factual allegations that could support the conclusion that his guilty plea was involuntary." Matakis, 842 N.W.2d at 692. The court concluded that although Matakis had a right to an appeal, "one who chooses the postconviction route also chooses the obligation to meet the requirements of the postconviction statute." Id. at 693. The court held that "Matakis did not meet those basic requirements, and his failure defeats his petition." Id. We granted Matakis's petition for review.
On appeal to our court, Matakis argues that the postconviction court erred by denying his petition for postconviction relief without providing him notice or an opportunity to be heard. We review the denial of a petition for postconviction relief for an abuse of discretion. Sontoya v. State, 829 N.W.2d 602, 603 (Minn.2013). We review legal issues de novo, but on factual issues our review "is limited to whether there is sufficient evidence in the record to sustain the postconviction court's findings." Vance v. State, 752 N.W.2d 509, 512 (Minn.2008). We will not reverse an order "unless the postconviction court exercised its discretion in an arbitrary or capricious manner, based its ruling on an erroneous view of the law, or made clearly erroneous factual findings." Reed v. State, 793 N.W.2d 725, 729 (Minn.2010).
The postconviction court concluded that Matakis had not supplied any facts to support his claim for relief, and therefore denied his petition without holding an evidentiary hearing. Minnesota Statutes § 590.02, subd. 1 (2014), lists the requirements for filing a proper postconviction petition. This statute provides, in part, that the petition shall contain "a statement of the facts and the grounds upon which the petition is based and the relief desired. All grounds for relief must be stated in the petition or any amendment thereof unless they could not reasonably have been set forth therein." Minn.Stat. § 590.02, subd. 1(1). Matakis does not argue that his petition set forth the factual basis for his contention that his plea was invalid. But he argues that the postconviction court should have given him a greater opportunity to provide that information.
Matakis notes that Minn.Stat. § 590.04, subd. 1 (2014), provides that a postconviction court shall hold an evidentiary hearing "[u]nless the petition and the files and records of the proceeding conclusively show that the petitioner is entitled to no relief."
In Townsend v. State, the petitioner also argued ineffective assistance of counsel, and asserted that his "Sixth Amendment rights were violated due to the ineffectiveness of [appellate] counsel, during the process of his appeal." 582 N.W.2d 225, 229 (Minn.1998) (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted). The petitioner did not elaborate or offer any supporting affidavits or documents. Id. We concluded that, "[h]aving only a general allegation before it, the postconviction court did not err in refusing to hold an evidentiary hearing on this issue." Id. Similarly, in Hodgson v. State, we noted that a postconviction "petitioner's allegations must be `more than argumentative assertions without factual support.'" 540 N.W.2d 515, 517 (Minn.1995) (quoting Beltowski v. State, 289 Minn. 215, 217, 183 N.W.2d 563, 564 (1971)).
Matakis's petition is even more devoid of factual support than the petitions in those cases. Matakis submitted only a conclusory allegation, stating that his guilty plea "was not knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently made where there is reason to question the accuracy of the factual basis underlying the plea and the circumstances under which he pled guilty suggest that it was not voluntarily entered." But the petition provides no "reason to question the accuracy of the factual basis underlying the plea." Accordingly, the petition lacks a factual basis for the suggestion that the guilty plea was improper.
Matakis nevertheless attempts to distinguish this case from Fratzke, Townsend, and Hodgson by noting that in each of those cases, the defendant had received review by direct appeal. But nothing in our analysis in those cases suggests that a prior direct appeal affects the statutory requirements for a postconviction petition. Moreover, we have previously upheld a postconviction court's denial of a petition without an evidentiary hearing even when there was no direct appeal. See Vickla v. State, 793 N.W.2d 265, 268, 272 (Minn. 2011).
It is true, as Matakis argues, that petitions for postconviction relief must be "liberally construe[d]." Minn.Stat. § 590.03 (2014) ("The court shall liberally construe the petition and any amendments thereto and shall look to the substance thereof and waive any irregularities or defects in form."). As we stated in Riley v. State, "the postconviction court must determine whether the facts considered in the light most favorable to the petition, together with the arguments presented by the parties, `conclusively show' that the petitioner is not entitled to relief." 819 N.W.2d 162, 167 (Minn.2012) (citing Minn. Stat. § 590.04, subd. 1 (2010)). We concluded in Riley that a petition may be dismissed without an evidentiary hearing "[i]f the court concludes there are no material facts in dispute that preclude dismissal." Id. But if there are no facts alleged in the petition, then the postconviction court can only conclude that there are no facts in dispute. Here, there are simply no facts at all to construe, "liberally" or otherwise.
Finally, we have independently reviewed the record and our review discloses nothing to suggest that Matakis's guilty plea was improper. We have held that there are "three prerequisites to a valid guilty plea: it must be accurate, voluntary and intelligent (i.e., knowingly and understandingly made)." State v. Ecker, 524 N.W.2d 712, 716 (Minn.1994). The accuracy requirement exists to "protect a defendant from pleading guilty to a more serious offense than he could be convicted of" if he were to go to trial. State v. Trott, 338 N.W.2d 248, 251 (Minn.1983). In the context of an
In State v. Theis, we outlined the factual basis necessary for a proper Alford plea. 742 N.W.2d 643, 647-49 (Minn.2007). We said that "the better practice is for the factual basis to be based on evidence discussed with the defendant on the record at the plea hearing." Id. at 649. Here, the State discussed its evidence with Matakis at his plea hearing. Specifically, the prosecutor asked Matakis, regarding A.I.M.'s statement, "[I]s it true when you look at the statement that she provided to law enforcement that she had made some [allegations] in there that you engaged in sexual intercourse with her on a number of occasions over that time period when she was between the ages of 9 to 11, correct?" Matakis responded, "Yes, she had made that allegation." Subsequent questioning confirmed more details about Matakis's knowledge of A.I.M.'s allegations, and of Matakis's own admissions made in his statement to investigators.
Additionally, a defendant who enters an Alford plea must, despite maintaining his innocence, agree that the evidence the State is likely to offer at trial is sufficient to convict. Theis, 742 N.W.2d at 649. In Theis, the defendant agreed that there was a "risk" he would be found guilty, but we concluded that such a response was not sufficient to meet the standard for accuracy. Id. at 650. Here, Matakis agreed that, if A.I.M. were to testify consistent with her previous statement, he "could be found guilty of ... criminal sexual conduct in the first degree." The use of "could" might be comparable to the "risk" language from Theis. Later, however, the judge more definitively asked, "Mr. Matakis, you'd acknowledge that you believe the State would have sufficient evidence to find you guilty if the matter went to trial?" (emphasis added). Matakis responded, "Yes." In sum, our review of the record provides no reason to question whether the factual basis of Matakis's Alford plea was adequately established during his plea hearing.
We acknowledge that Matakis may possess factual support for his claim that was not provided in the petition, but under the postconviction statute, the postconviction court is not required to order an evidentiary hearing purely on the basis of the potential of new, undisclosed information. Bruestle v. State, 719 N.W.2d 698, 705 (Minn.2006).
Matakis nevertheless argues that the postconviction court erred when it sua sponte denied his petition without providing him notice or an opportunity to be heard.
Matakis analogizes his situation to Day v. McDonough, a U.S. Supreme Court case addressing the denial of a federal habeas corpus petition. 547 U.S. 198, 126 S.Ct. 1675, 164 L.Ed.2d 376 (2006). In Day, the petitioner filed his habeas petition after the expiration of the statutory filing period, but the State erred in its calculation of the filing deadline and did not raise a timeliness defense. Id. at 203, 126 S.Ct. 1675. The district court sua sponte dismissed the petition as untimely. Id. at 204, 126 S.Ct. 1675. The Supreme Court held that district courts are permitted to raise the issue of timeliness on their own, but before dismissal based on timeliness, a court must first give the parties fair notice and an opportunity to present their positions. Id. at 209-10, 126 S.Ct. 1675.
Day is not dispositive here because Day involved a statute of limitations, which is a waivable affirmative defense. Id. at 207-08, 126 S.Ct. 1675 ("Under the Civil Procedure Rules, a defendant forfeits a statute of limitations defense not asserted in its answer or an amendment thereto." (citation omitted) (citing Fed. R. Civ. Pro. 8(c), 12(b), and 15(a))). This case, by contrast, does not involve a waivable affirmative defense. What is at issue here is the postconviction statute's threshold requirement that a postconviction petition "shall contain" a statement of the facts in order for the court to review the conviction. Minn. Stat. § 590.02, subd. 1(1); see also Minn. Stat. § 590.04, subd. 1 (giving the postconviction court authority to rule without a hearing if the petition "conclusively show[s] that the petitioner is entitled to no relief"). Day, therefore, is not helpful to our analysis.
And even if Day were applicable, the postconviction court cannot be said to have acted sua sponte. Although the State did not specifically argue that the petition lacked the factual support required by Minn.Stat. § 590.02, subd. 1(1), the State did request that the court deny the petition for postconviction relief because the plea transcript showed "no basis" for Matakis's claim. Accordingly, the postconviction court was not acting without prompting when it denied the petition based on the lack of factual basis for Matakis's claim.
Additionally, by promising to submit documentation later, Matakis demonstrated that he already had notice that his petition was factually deficient. Minnesota Statutes § 590.03 (2014) allows the postconviction court to permit amendments to the petition, but in the month between the filing of the petition and the postconviction court's order, Matakis did not attempt to do so.
We are aware that Matakis did not file a direct appeal and that our decision today may mean that his guilty plea will not be subject to appellate review. Matakis argues, based on State v. Knaffla, 309 Minn. 246, 252, 243 N.W.2d 737, 741 (1976), that a convicted defendant has the right to at least one review by an appellate or postconviction court. The right to one review is not without limitation, however. We have held that a postconviction petitioner who has not previously had a direct appeal must still be "in compliance with the procedural requirements of the Postconviction Remedy Act." Deegan v. State, 711 N.W.2d 89, 94 (Minn.2006). We have further held, in the context of a postconviction petition filed after the 2-year time limit, that we "cannot rewrite ... the postconviction statute to provide an additional exception ... for those ... whose convictions were not reviewed on direct appeal." Carlton v. State, 816 N.W.2d 590, 609 (Minn.2012). The lack of a direct appeal therefore does not automatically trigger the right to a hearing when the postconviction petition fails to meet the requirements of Minn.Stat. ch. 590.
The postconviction court certainly could have warned Matakis that his petition was deficient and, as the dissent suggests, given Matakis a window of time to amend the petition by adding factual support (though, as a practical matter, Matakis did in fact have nearly 30 days between the filing of his petition and the court's final order in which he could have amended the petition).
Affirmed.
ANDERSON, Justice (dissenting).
I respectfully dissent. We have stated that "a convicted defendant is entitled to at least one right of review by an appellate or postconviction court." State v. Knaffla, 309 Minn. 246, 252, 243 N.W.2d 737, 741 (1976). The majority's decision deprives appellant Jason Matakis of that opportunity.
Matakis filed an admittedly incomplete petition for postconviction relief, just a few days before the 2-year statute of limitations would have expired. See Minn.Stat. § 590.01, subd. 4(a)(1) (2014). The petition asserted that Matakis's guilty plea was not knowing, voluntary, or intelligent, but provided no facts to support his claim. Instead, Matakis promised to later submit an affidavit and memorandum containing the necessary evidence. His opportunity to do so vanished, however, when the postconviction court summarily, and without notice to Matakis, denied his petition. This action was contrary to the plain language of the postconviction statute and was not supported by our case law, and therefore constituted an abuse of discretion.
In Fratzke v. State, we stated that an evidentiary hearing "is not required unless facts are alleged which, if proved, would entitle a petitioner to the requested relief."
The majority cites no case directly on point, because these circumstances have not previously been presented to our court. Instead, the majority relies on several cases in which dismissal of postconviction proceedings without holding an evidentiary hearing was appropriate because the petition presented generalized grievances rather than "a statement of the facts and the grounds upon which the petition is based and the relief desired." Minn.Stat. § 590.02, subd. 1(1) (2014); see, e.g., Laine v. State, 786 N.W.2d 635, 638-39 (Minn. 2010) (concluding that the petitioner's claim was an "argumentative assertion" that lacked any support); Townsend v. State, 582 N.W.2d 225, 229 (Minn.1998) (observing the petition contained merely a "general allegation" devoid of "supporting affidavits or other documents"); Fratzke, 450 N.W.2d at 102 (concluding that ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim contained merely a "generalized allegation[] of incompetence"). The situation at hand differs from these cases, however, because Matakis indicated that additional evidence existed and was forthcoming. Thus, although I agree with the majority that Matakis's petition was insufficient, dismissal was not the proper remedy.
It is also worth noting that the State sought dismissal of the petition, not because of the incomplete petition for postconviction relief, but rather on the merits of the claim. It is entirely possible, and perhaps even likely as the State suggests, that even with the benefit of the promised evidence, Matakis's petition would have lacked particularized facts that would entitle him to relief. But the abrupt action of the postconviction court in granting relief on a ground not advanced by anyone deprived Matakis of the opportunity to present whatever evidence he had. This, too, is indicative of an abuse of discretion.
I am mindful of the volume of cases and disputes handled by our district courts and the intent of the Legislature, by enacting chapter 590, to dispose of meritless post-conviction appeals. But one unfortunate, yet almost certain, consequence of the majority opinion here is an additional post-conviction
Given the unusual circumstances of this matter,
PAGE, Justice (dissenting).
I join in the dissent of Justice Anderson.
LILLEHAUG, Justice (dissenting).
I join in the dissent of Justice Anderson.
With respect to the second-degree charges, the statute requires sexual contact rather than sexual penetration. Minn.Stat. § 609.343, subd. 1(a), requires sexual contact with a person under 13 years of age when the actor is more than 36 months older than the complainant; Minn.Stat. § 609.343, subd. 1(g), requires sexual contact with a person under 16 years of age when the actor has a significant relationship to the complainant; and Minn.Stat. § 609.343, subd. 1(h)(iii), requires sexual contact with a person under 16 years of age when the actor has a significant relationship to the complainant and multiple acts have been committed over an extended period of time.
Although not using the phrase "sua sponte," the main thrust of these arguments is that the postconviction court erred when it summarily denied the petition without giving Matakis an opportunity to present his evidence or amend the petition, and that the postconviction court's actions deprive Matakis of his only right to review. The essential components of this argument are the same as the argument Matakis raised to us. Accordingly, we deny the State's motion to strike this argument from Matakis's brief.
Matakis did not raise an ineffective-assistance-of-appellate counsel claim in his petition, so the extent to which he might be entitled to relief based on such a claim is not before us, and we express no opinion about the merits of an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim should Matakis choose to bring one, or on the applicability of the statute of limitations or any of its exceptions, see Minn.Stat. § 590.01, subd. 4 (2014), to such a petition.
The State filed a motion to strike from Matakis's brief and addendum the motion to stay, the accompanying affidavit, and any references thereto, on the ground that they are not part of the record on appeal pursuant to Minn. R.Crim. P. 28.02, subd. 8. This information is relevant only to the potential ineffectiveness of Matakis's former counsel. Because the issue of counsel's effectiveness is not before us, we deny the State's motion to strike as moot. See State v. Davis, 773 N.W.2d 66, 68 n. 2 (Minn.2009) ("Because we do not decide this issue, Davis' motion to strike portions of the State's appendix and the State's motion to strike portions of Davis' appendix are denied as moot.").
