BARNES, J., for the Court:
¶ 1. Dennis and Barbara Henry were granted summary judgment in their boundary-dispute action with their next door neighbor, Georgia Charlot. The judgment found that the Henrys had legal title to the disputed property and ordered Charlot to remove from the Henrys' property steps to a trailer home and a fence that Charlot had constructed on the property. From this order Charlot appeals, raising issues regarding the court's denial of her motion for leave to amend her answer to assert the defense of adverse possession and regarding the propriety of the court's granting summary judgment to the Henrys.
¶ 2. Finding no error in the chancery court's judgment, we affirm.
¶ 3. The property that is the subject of this lawsuit is a quadrilateral-shaped portion of the southern end of the Henrys' property on Second Street in Pass Christian, Mississippi. In 1986, the Henrys acquired the property by a warranty deed from Barbara's great aunt. Prior to the Henrys' acquisition of the property, they hired Gulfport registered land surveyor, James R. Clarke, to run the calls in the Henrys' deed. Clarke found there were no encroachments on the surveyed property.
¶ 4. The Henrys held exclusive possession of the property until November 2006 when their next door neighbor, Charlot, moved a FEMA trailer near the eastern boundary of the Henrys' property. The trailer was so close to the Henry's property that the steps of the trailer were placed on the Henrys' property. Then in January 2008, Charlot placed a wooden fence on the Henrys' property enclosing it and preventing the Henrys from having the use of a large portion of their property. The Henrys sent Charlot a certified letter on February 15, 2008, telling her that her fence and trailer steps were wrongly encroaching upon their property and demanding the removal of the encroachments. The letter was mailed to Charlot, but it was returned to sender unclaimed. The Henrys then filed suit in March 2008 against their neighbor Charlot to confirm and quite title to their property and to have the encroaching fence and steps removed.
¶ 5. In January 2008, at the behest of the Henrys, Clarke again surveyed the property and confirmed the bearings for each call in the legal description of the Henry's property as found in the 1986 survey. However, he noted that a mobile home had been placed adjacent to the Henrys' property near the eastern boundary and that the steps from this mobile home were placed on the Henrys' property. Also, Clarke noted that an old fence running along the eastern boundary of the Henrys' property had been cleared and that a new wooden fence had been constructed on the Henrys' property extending westward and southward diagonally from the Charlot mobile home to a point near the southwest corner of the Henrys' property, enclosing a quadrilateral-shaped portion of the southern end of the Henrys' property. Clarke stated in an affidavit that he had checked the Harrison County land records to see if there had been any conveyances that would account for the new state of the property, but he found none. Instead, he confirmed the dimensions of Charlot's property as a narrow rectangular shaped property, with a width of 25.5 feet along Second Street and a length running south from Second Street for a distance of 467 feet. His survey established that the Henrys and Charlot had a common boundary on the eastern side of the Henrys' property and the western side of Charlot's property. Clarke noted that the new fence did not follow the same line as the old wire fence, and he opined that the fence and the steps encroached upon the Henrys' property.
¶ 6. After the Henrys' complaint was filed, the parties agreed to the defense's motion for a thirty-day extension in which to allow Charlot to answer the complaint, and on May 22, 2008, Charlot did so. It is important that we examine Charlot's answer for what was not in the answer as much as for what was in the answer. As her first affirmative defense, Charlot moved to dismiss the complaint based upon Rule 12(b)(6) of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. Her second affirmative defense was that
¶ 7. Discovery was propounded by the parties, and on November 13, 2008, the Henrys filed a motion for summary judgment. In the motion, the Henrys set out the information which showed their right to the disputed property: the affidavit of Clarke and its attachments and the Henrys' deed which deraigned title in their predecessor more than 100 years. In response, Charlot presented no deraignment of title, deed, or other document of record that would show she was the owner of the disputed property. She submitted an affidavit which the chancellor found did no more than "state the history of various fences that bounded her property" and would only be of interest if she were asserting a defense or counterclaim of adverse possession. Further, the Henrys pointed out Charlot had not denied that the Henrys had acquired title to the property by a fee simple transaction as a bona-fide purchaser. The Henrys' summary-judgment motion said that the deraignment of title to the Henrys' property, together with the survey by Clarke and his attached affidavit and exhibits attached to it, entitled them to summary judgment. The summary-judgment motion also pointed out that Charlot did not raise adverse possession as a defense or counterclaim in her answer which the Henrys said would be the only way that Charlot could even attempt to claim the property under these facts.
¶ 8. Not surprisingly, just over a week after the Henrys' summary-judgment filing, Charlot filed a motion for leave to supplement her pleadings with a counterclaim trying to add adverse possession as an affirmative defense and a counterclaim. Charlot said that the amendment was necessary for her to "confirm title to her property through adverse possession." Charlot further stated that the amendment to the answer was necessary because the Henrys' complaint "is unclear as to whether they own all or a portion of [Charlot's] property." The Henrys responded that they found the preceding statement surprising as they were not making a claim to any of Charlot's property, but they were requesting the court to confirm their title to their own property. In opposition to the motion to amend, the Henrys said that after a certain stage, Rule 15(a) of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure allows a party to amend a pleading only by leave of court or upon written consent of the adverse party. They did not give consent. The Henrys pointed out that while Rule 15(a) allows the court to freely grant leave to amend, it also states that "leave to amend shall be freely given when justice so requires"; thus, they assert that the discretion to amend is not absolute citing Knotts ex rel. Knotts v. Hassell, 659 So.2d 886, 889 (Miss.1995).
¶ 10. All of the motions were taken up at a December 17, 2008, hearing. As to the issue of allowing Charlot to amend her pleadings, the chancellor found the motion should be denied. Charlot argued that under Rule 15(a) she should be allowed to amend her answer because the Henrys' complaint was unclear as to the identity of the property at issue. The chancellor found that Rule 15(a) provides that leave to amend pleadings should be "freely given when justice so requires," and she noted that Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 13(f)
¶ 11. The chancery court found, however, that Charlot had not alleged that the counterclaim was omitted due to oversight or neglect; instead, Charlot had based her motion on an assertion that the Henrys' complaint was unclear as to the identity of the property. Thus, the chancellor determined she must decide the issue "on whether justice requires that leave to amend be given." The chancellor found that Charlot's argument was "spurious" "at best." She said that the complaint contained a full description of the Henrys' property, had a deraignment of title with further descriptions which even state the "land of Charlot" as a boundary, and contained deeds with yet another description of the property. The chancery court noted that Charlot had been given additional time to answer the complaint. Had Charlot been confused about the property in question in the complaint, the chancellor found that she should have filed a motion for a more definite statement under Rule 12(e) of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure.
¶ 12. The chancery court next considered the Henrys' motion for summary judgment. The chancellor ruled that the Henrys' complaint had deraigned their title to the property including the disputed property and that Charlot admitted in her answer that: the Henrys had acquired their property in exchange for good and valuable consideration; the Henrys had acted in good faith; and a title search had been performed at the time of purchase. Further, the chancellor found that the Henrys neither had any notice of any adverse claims nor should they have known of any adverse claims. The chancellor said that the Henrys' claim was supported by evidence of registered surveyor Clarke who had performed a survey in July 1986 when the Henrys bought the property and then again in October 2008. Clarke's affidavit stated that his survey confirmed the bearings for each call in the legal description of the Henrys' property. Further, Clarke said that at some time between the dates of the two surveys that steps from a trailer home, which were placed very near the line between the Henrys and Charlot properties, had encroached upon the Henrys' property and that a wooden fence had been built across the Henrys' property. The chancellor found that Charlot neither claimed to be the record owner of the disputed property nor did she dispute the Henrys' chain of title. During the motion hearing, Charlot's counsel admitted that the only way Charlot could claim the property would be by adverse possession, but Charlot did not assert the defense of adverse possession until the hearing.
¶ 13. The chancellor then cited our decision in Stewart v. Graber, 754 So.2d 1281, 1284 (¶ 16) (Miss.Ct.App.1999) which states that failure to assert adverse possession as an affirmative defense waives that defense, and the chancery court ruled that Charlot had failed to assert a claim to the disputed property. Even though the adverse-possession defense was waived, the chancellor did consider whether Charlot was in possession of the disputed property. The chancery court said that in order to maintain an action to confirm and quiet title, the complainant must either be the owner in possession of the land or, if out of possession, that there be no adverse occupancy of the land, citing Mississippi Code Annotated section 11-17-29 (Rev.2004). The chancellor found that Charlot had filed an affidavit which recalled the history of the various fences that bounded her property, but the chancellor noted that none of the statements in Charlot's affidavit contradicted the statements in Clarke's affidavit. Charlot told the chancery court that her complaint on its face showed that she was in possession of the disputed property. However, the chancellor noted that "unlawful invasions or acts of trespass," when timely challenged do not necessarily constitute possession or adverse occupancy of a type which blocks the confirmation process citing Bickham v. Bates, 246 Miss. 171, 181, 150 So.2d 138, 143 (1963). The chancellor said that the Henrys had been in constructive possession of the property since the conveyance of the July 26, 1986, warranty deed and that their possession was exclusive and uninterrupted until Charlot encroached upon the property by placing the steps of her trailer on the Henrys' property and then erecting a fence through the Henrys' property without their permission. The chancellor found that by immediately contesting Charlot's encroachments, the Henrys stopped Charlot's actions from metamorphosing into possession by ouster.
¶ 14. The chancellor concluded that the Henrys' motion for summary judgment should be granted and that title to the
¶ 15. Charlot timely filed a motion for a new trial to reconsider or amend the judgment and a motion to stay judgment pending disposition of the motions. Arguments were held on Charlot's motions. Charlot attempted to persuade the chancellor that each of the reasons the chancellor found for denying the motion to amend was faulty.
¶ 16. First, Charlot claimed that she had attempted to amend her answer prior to the filing of the Henrys' motion for summary judgment. Her attorney attached his affidavit in which he said that he had attempted to amend the answer to add a counterclaim of adverse possession. The attorney said he requested counsel for the Henrys to consent to amending the answer, but the Henrys' counsel said that he would not agree. Attached to the affidavit was a letter from the Henrys' counsel dated November 13, 2008, in which he transmitted the Henrys' motion for summary judgment to Charlot's attorney and stated that the motion had been set for argument on December 17, 2008. In the letter, the Henrys' attorney also said the following: "I recall that you intended to file a motion to amend your answer. If you still intend to file the motion, please set it for that day as well." The chancellor rejected this as "evidence" stating: "Whatever communication occurred outside of the Court regarding amendments is of no consequence. Matters properly before the Court must appear of record." The chancellor found that Charlot had not filed any request to amend her answer until a week after the Henrys had filed their motion for summary judgment.
¶ 17. Second, Charlot argued that the chancellor was wrong when she found that there was no reason which justified the six-month delay between the defendant's answer and her motion for leave to amend. Charlot said that discovery was ongoing during this time and was being used to resolve some of the issues in the case. Also, Charlot cited cases that she said supported her position that the defense of adverse possession must not be asserted in the answer or be waived. The chancery court found that Charlot was making the same assertions that she made prior to the judgment and that she had "clearly misinterpreted the case law cited by the Court in its decision." The chancellor said that Charlot's understanding of Stewart is that adverse possession does not have to be raised in the initial pleadings or be waived. However, the chancellor said that Stewart stands for just the opposite conclusion as it cites to White v. Turner, 197 Miss. 265, 19 So.2d 825, 826 (1944): "[N]othing is better settled than that adverse possession is an issue which must be pleaded and proved by him who relies on it." In Stewart, which also involved a boundary-line dispute, we stated that the issue of adverse possession, even though not presented in the answer, was tried by consent as there was "considerable" evidence regarding adverse possession presented during the trial, and it was "openly" argued during closing arguments. Stewart, 754 So.2d at 1284-85 (¶ 17). The chancellor said that unlike Stewart, the Henrys objected to Charlot's untimely attempt to raise the defense of adverse possession.
¶ 18. Third, Charlot argued that the chancellor erred when she found that there were no reasons justifying the six-month delay between Charlot's answer being filed
¶ 19. We will not disturb the findings of a chancellor if the record reasonably supports them and if they are not clearly erroneous or an erroneous legal standard was applied. Mercier v. Mercier, 717 So.2d 304, 306 (¶ 8) (Miss.1998). Any issues of law, however, will be reviewed de novo. Zeman v. Stanford, 789 So.2d 798, 802 (¶ 12) (Miss.2001).
¶ 20. As these two issues are interrelated, we will discuss them together.
¶ 21. Charlot claims that the chancellor erred by not allowing her to amend her answer to plead adverse possession. Motions for leave to amend complaints are left to the sound discretion of the trial judge. We review such determinations under an abuse-of-discretion standard, and unless we are convinced that the trial court abused its discretion, we are without authority to reverse. Moeller v. Am. Guar. and Liab. Ins. Co., 812 So.2d 953, 961 (¶ 26) (Miss.2002).
¶ 22. Mississippi case law establishes that the one who claims adverse possession must plead and prove it. White, 197 Miss. at 271, 19 So.2d at 826. Further, in Stewart, 754 So.2d at 1284 (¶ 16), we held: "Adverse possession must be pleaded and proved by the party who relies on it, and failure to do so waives that affirmative defense." Charlot clearly did not file the affirmative defense of adverse possession in her answer to the Henrys' complaint even though she was given additional time to answer. Six months later and two
¶ 23. Amendments to pleadings are addressed by Rule 15 of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure, which provides in pertinent part: "A party may amend a pleading as a matter of course at any time before a responsive pleading is served, .... Otherwise a party may amend a pleading only by leave of court or upon written consent of the adverse party; leave shall be freely given when justice so requires." M.R.C.P. 15(a).
¶ 24. In determining whether to grant Charlot leave to amend her answer to assert the affirmative defense of adverse possession as a counterclaim, the chancellor said it was necessary to consult Rule 13(f) of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure governing omitted counterclaims. The chancellor determined that Charlot's claim of adverse possession was ripe at the time the original complaint was served. The chancellor determined that Charlot did not allege that the omitted counterclaim was the result of oversight, inadvertence, or excusable neglect. Instead, Charlot contended that she did not originally assert the counterclaim of adverse possession because she was unclear of the property at issue. As the chancellor noted, the complaint filed by the Henrys contains a full description of the property, a deraignment of title with description that even name "the land of Charlot" as one of its boundaries, and the deeds with the full legal description of the land at issue were attached. Had Charlot been confused about the property at issue, her recourse would have been to file a timely motion for a more definite statement under Rule 12(e) of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure.
¶ 25. The Henrys said that they would be prejudiced by allowing Charlot to amend her answer. They said that on September 28, 2008, they had submitted their discovery request to Charlot based in part upon her answer to the complaint. The Henrys said that if adverse possession had been raised by Charlot, they would have conducted more extensive discovery on the issue. Also, the Henrys said they would be prejudiced because the trial was set for January 9, 2009, and they would not have had time to adequately conduct discovery on the issue of adverse possession prior to trial. The Henrys also argued that they would be prejudiced by requiring them to incur legal fees for a claim that the chancellor found Charlot had failed to provide any proof disputing the Henrys' evidence.
¶ 26. Applying Rule 15 to the judgment of the chancellor, we find that the chancellor did not abuse her discretion by rejecting
McCarty v. Kellum, 667 So.2d 1277, 1284-85 (Miss.1995) (quoting 61 Am.Jur.2d Pleadings § 315 (1981)).
¶ 27. Also, the supreme court has said that an application to amend a pleading should be made promptly and not be the result of a lack of diligence. TXG Intrastate Pipeline Co. v. Grossnickle, 716 So.2d 991, 1011 (¶ 57) (Miss.1997) (citing Natural Mother v. Paternal Aunt, 583 So.2d 614, 616-17 (Miss.1991)).
¶ 28. Recently, the supreme court has had occasion to address the issue of the amendment of pleadings in Hutzel v. City of Jackson, 33 So.3d 1116 (Miss.2010), which was issued on May 6, 2010. The plaintiff, Homer Hutzel, contended that the trial court had erred when it allowed the City of Jackson to amend its answer to assert the affirmative defenses of release and accord and satisfaction when the City had failed to assert the defenses in its initial answer and had waited two years to claim the defenses. Id. at 1119 (¶ 11). To make its decision, the supreme court discussed the ruling in MS Credit Ctr., Inc. v. Horton, 926 So.2d 167, 180 (¶ 44) (Miss. 2006) in which it said: "A defendant's failure to timely and reasonably raise and pursue the enforcement of any affirmative defense or other affirmative matter or right which would serve to terminate or stay the litigation, coupled with active participation in the litigation process, will ordinarily
¶ 29. Like the City, Charlot offered no credible reason for the six-month delay between the filing of her answer and the filing of her motion to amend the answer to raise the affirmative defense of adverse possession. Her excuse was that she was unsure what property was involved in the lawsuit. The chancellor called this reason "spurious," and we agree. The Henrys' complaint specifically described the disputed property by a clear deraignment of title and by a survey by a registered surveyor and an affidavit by the surveyor. The affirmative defense of adverse possession would have existed prior to the filing of the lawsuit, so it was not a fact which would have been found only through discovery. We find that the chancellor did not abuse her discretion in finding that Charlot had waived the defense of adverse possession.
¶ 30. Charlot's other assignment of error is that the chancellor erred in granting the Henrys' summary-judgment motion when she claims genuine issues of fact exist.
¶ 31. We apply a de novo standard of review when reviewing a trial court's grant or denial of summary judgment. Hudson v. Courtesy Motors, Inc., 794 So.2d 999, 1002 (¶ 7) (Miss.2001). "The evidence must be viewed in the light most favorable to the party against whom the motion has been made." Russell v. Orr, 700 So.2d 619, 622 (¶ 8) (Miss.1997). "The presence of fact issues in the record does not per se entitle a party to avoid summary judgment. The court must be convinced that
¶ 32. Charlot claims there are five issues of material fact that require a trial on the merits. First is a claim that there are issues relating to Charlot's adverse-possession claim that exist. However, since we have ruled that she waived her right to assert an affirmative defense of adverse possession, this claim is without merit. Second, Charlot claims there is an issue as to the actual description of the disputed property. She says the Henrys described the property as 512 East Second Street, but 512 is not adjacent to Charlot's property. Instead, she said that the property which is adjacent to hers is 514 East Second Street. Charlot raised this issue at trial saying that the Henrys' property is assigned the street number 512 and that her property is assigned a street number 516. The Henrys argued that Charlot waived the right to argue mistaken identity of the property because she agreed in her answer that: the Henrys acquired the disputed property in exchange for good and valuable consideration; the Henrys acted in good faith; and a title search was performed at the time the Henrys acquired the property, and they had no notice of adverse claims to the property. Such an argument as that advanced by Charlot might have been allowed to be raised in an adverse-possession proceeding; however, as we have repeatedly stated, Charlot waived her right to plead adverse possession. Further, other than just alleging the non-consecutive street numbers, Charlot has failed to show how this designation makes a difference. If the street number was the only legal description the Henrys had used to deraign their title, then perhaps it might matter. However, they showed their ownership of the property through various deeds, which contained legal description of the Henrys' property by calls and courses along with a survey by a certified surveyor who filed an affidavit defining what was the Henrys' property. This claim does not have merit. Third, Charlot claims that she and her predecessors in title were in possession of the disputed property for more than 100 years. This issue must fail because again it relates to a claim of adverse possession which was waived by Charlot. Fourth, Charlot claims that the location of the original old wire fence, which at one time may have been used as a property boundary, was never established. Once again, Charlot waived this argument for two reasons: first is that she accepted and agreed to the Henrys' description of their property in her answer, and second, such an argument would only be relevant in an adverse-possession action. This issue is without merit. Charlot's final reason for why the chancellor should not have granted summary judgment is a bit murky. She argues, we think, that elements of a boundary case have not been proven and that even if the court grants the Henrys' complaint to confirm title to the property, which the Henrys possess, they will not gain the disputed property because the Henrys were not in possession of the disputed
¶ 33. The Henrys submitted a deraignment of their title, along with three surveys by a registered surveyor, Clarke, who also provided an affidavit. The Clarke affidavit said he ran the calls on the Henrys' deeds and found that the Henrys were the owners of the property on which Charlot had her trailer steps and on which she had built a large fence across the Henrys' land. The chancery court found it was undisputed that the Henrys had been in possession of the land since the warranty deed conveyance in 1986. The chancellor found that the Henrys' possession was exclusive and uninterrupted until Charlot encroached upon it by placing the steps to her trailer on the Henry's property and then erected a fence through the Henrys' property without their permission. The Henrys immediately challenged the encroachments by filing a suit to confirm title. Therefore, the chancellor ruled that Henrys were entitled to summary judgment declaring them as the owners of the property described in the deeds which includes the disputed property. Further, the chancellor ordered Charlot to remove the steps and the fence she had erected on the Henrys' land.
¶ 34. We find that the chancellor's grant of the Henrys' motion for summary judgment was correct. We agree that there was no genuine issue of material fact and that the Henrys were entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.
¶ 35.
KING, C.J., LEE AND MYERS, P.JJ., IRVING, GRIFFIS, ISHEE, ROBERTS, CARLTON AND MAXWELL, JJ., CONCUR.
M.R.C.P. 12(e).