RANDOLPH, Justice, for the Court:
¶ 1. This case is before this Court on direct appeal of the Jones County Circuit Court's conviction of Quincy Clayton for the murder of his wife, Alice. We find error in depriving Clayton submission of an alternative theory of defense, when his requested jury instruction on heat-of-passion excusable homicide was refused. Accordingly, we reverse and remand this case to the Jones County Circuit Court for a new trial.
¶ 2. Clayton and Alice lived with their daughter, Valerie, and Alice's sister, Mary Wash. On Sunday morning, June 21, 2009 (Father's Day), all four members of the household were at home. Clayton was in the living room ironing his clothes for church. Wash testified that, as Clayton approached Alice, who was sitting at the table eating breakfast, Alice "got up and she had a knife, a steak knife, and she told him to get back, get away from me. And she swung at him twice. I didn't see no cut or anything." After that, Alice went to her bedroom. In contrast, Clayton testified that Alice took his clothes from the ironing board and threw them on the floor and that, as the argument escalated, Alice hit him and he pushed Alice down into a chair. He testified that Alice then retrieved a knife from the kitchen and returned to the living room and, as they continued fighting, Alice cut his shoulder with the knife. Clayton testified that he then sat down on the couch, and Alice ran to the couple's bedroom. He further testified that he attempted to enter the bedroom to get his shoes so that he could go to church, and that "[e]verytime I go in that room to go get my shoes, she had that knife at me. She was stabbing at me and everything. She said, get out of my damn room, get out of my damn room." He tried once more to enter the room and then sat on the floor in the hallway, at which point Alice "come out of that room... [a]nd she started kicking me. She had that knife. That's when I got stabbed in my side...." Alice went back into the bedroom and shut the door. Clayton again told her that he needed his shoes, and walked into the bedroom. Alice again threatened to cut him, and he left the room and got a 12-gauge shotgun from a nearby hall closet. Clayton testified that "I open that door and I got my gun. When I went in there, I didn't mean to do it, but it happened" and "I picked up the gun and everything. You know, it was an accident.
¶ 3. Valerie and Wash each gave a statement to the sheriff's office on the day of the shooting. Each said that she had heard the shooting, but neither explicitly stated that she had seen Clayton shoot Alice. However, at trial, Wash testified that she had seen Clayton shoot Alice.
¶ 4. Clayton raised numerous issues on appeal, including:
Finding this issue dispositive, we decline to address the other issues.
¶ 5. When reviewing a trial court's grant or denial of a jury instruction, this Court considers the jury instructions "as a whole `to determine if the jury was properly instructed,' giving abuse-of-discretion deference to the trial judge's decision." Flowers v. State, 51 So.3d 911, 912 (Miss. 2010) (citations omitted).
¶ 6. We find that the trial court erred by failing to instruct the jury on Clayton's alternative heat-of-passion theory. We have provided that "[a] defendant is entitled to have jury instructions given which present his theory of the case; however, this entitlement is limited in that the court may refuse an instruction which [1] incorrectly states the law, [2] is covered fairly elsewhere in the instructions, or [3] is without foundation in the evidence." Bailey v. State, 78 So.3d 308, 315 (Miss. 2012) (citation omitted). Finding that the rejected instruction correctly stated the law, was not covered by another instruction, and had a foundation in the evidence, we find that Clayton was entitled to present it to the jury.
¶ 7. Clayton proposed two excusable-homicide instructions
Miss.Code Ann. § 97-3-17 (Rev.2006). The jury was given Instruction D-4A. However, the jury was not given Clayton's requested Instruction D-3A.
¶ 8. Without question, the pertinent language of Instruction D-3A correctly stated the law. The language of the rejected instruction directly parallels that of Mississippi Code Section 97-3-17(b), as follows:
In this case if you shall find from the evidence, or have a reasonable doubt therefrom, that Quincy Clayton, in the heat of passion, upon any sudden and sufficient provocation by Alice Clayton, accidentally fired the defendant's shotgun, and said shotgun accidently and/or through misfortune killed Alice Clayton, then it is your sworn duty to find Quincy Clayton not guilty. (Emphasis added).
Thus, the rejected instruction was a correct statement of the law.
¶ 9. We likewise find that the theory that the rejected instruction sought to present was not covered elsewhere in the instructions. The sole excusable-homicide instruction presented to the jury (Instruction D-4A) included only the language of section (a), and made no reference to the heat-of-passion theory described in section (b). The given instruction (Instruction D-4A) included the following language:
In contrast, the rejected instruction would have instructed the jury that the shooting was an excusable homicide if it found:
(Emphasis added.) Clearly, the language in section (b) describing excusable homicide based on heat of passion was not included in the given instruction, but was included in the rejected instruction. Accordingly, we find that the theory that the rejected instruction sought to present was not covered fairly elsewhere in the instructions.
¶ 10. Finally, Clayton's instruction on accident and misfortune in the heat of passion was not without foundation in the evidence. We have provided that "[a] criminal defendant has a right to assert alternative theories of defense, even inconsistent alternative theories" and that "[i]n homicide cases, the trial court should instruct the jury about a defendant's theories of defense, justification, or excuses that are supported by the evidence, no matter how meager or unlikely, and the trial court's failure to do so is error requiring reversal of a judgment of conviction." Brown v. State, 39 So.3d 890, 899 (Miss. 2010) (emphasis added) (citation omitted); Maye v. State, 49 So.3d 1124, 1129 (Miss. 2010) (emphasis added) (citation omitted). We find that sufficient evidence existed for the jury to be instructed on accident and misfortune, for Clayton testified on direct that he "didn't mean to do it" and, both on direct and during cross-examination, that "it was an accident."
¶ 11. In sum, the rejected instruction on heat-of-passion excusable homicide correctly stated the law, was not covered by any other instruction, and had a foundation in the evidence. Accordingly, Clayton was entitled to have the instruction given to the jury, and the trial court committed reversible error by failing to do so.
¶ 12. Finding that the trial court erred by failing to give Clayton's requested jury instruction on his alternative, heat-of-passion defense, we reverse Clayton's conviction and sentence, and we remand the case to the Jones County Circuit Court for a new trial consistent with this opinion.
¶ 13.
WALLER, C.J., CARLSON AND DICKINSON, P.JJ., LAMAR, KITCHENS, CHANDLER, PIERCE AND KING, JJ., CONCUR.
(Emphasis added.) Instruction D-3A read as follows:
The Court instructs the Jury that the killing of any human being by the act of another shall be excusable when committed by accident and misfortune, in the heat of passion, upon any sudden and sufficient provocation.
In this case if you shall find from the evidence, or have a reasonable doubt therefrom, that Quincy Clayton, in the heat of passion, upon any sudden and sufficient provocation by Alice Clayton, accidentally fired the defendant's shotgun, and said shotgun accidently and/or through misfortune killed Alice Clayton, then it is your sworn duty to find Quincy Clayton not guilty.
(Emphasis added.)