RANDOLPH, PRESIDING JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶ 1. Kelvin Ashford was indicted, tried, and found guilty by a Tate County jury on eight counts of sexual battery and two counts of fondling. Aggrieved by the judgment of conviction and resulting sentence, Ashford appeals. Finding no error, we affirm.
¶ 2. According to N.W.,
¶ 3. In fifty pages of trial testimony, N.W. described in detail the sexual acts
¶ 4. N.W. testified she did not tell anyone earlier because she did not want to experience the stress of a trial again like she experienced when she was six.
¶ 5. On cross-examination, defense counsel referenced the statement and asked N.W. what she and Ashford had done "a hundred times," to which N.W. again described multiple sexual acts Ashford had committed against her or forced her to perform. N.W. described a time when Ashford sexually assaulted her in the bed while Marjorie slept beside her. N.W. tried to wake her aunt to no avail: "I bumped her and didn't wake up, so... I patted her. She didn't wake up." N.W. testified it was not uncommon for the children to sleep with Marjorie on occasion. When asked where the various incidents took place, N.W. responded wherever and whenever Ashford decided. She testified the last time Ashford did anything to her was two to three months before she wrote the letter in May 2012. After the last incident, Ashford began working with N.W.'s grandfather and was not at home as often. Finally, defense counsel asked N.W. to describe Ashford's penis. She did: "The top part of his penis has a — a — I'd say a bump, mole on top of it. It has hair around it." Defense counsel then abandoned that line of questioning.
¶ 6. Marionette testified that she and Marjorie were close, that they saw each other regularly. She identified Ashford as Marjorie's long-time boyfriend who used to keep her children, including N.W., every day. She testified that after she read the
¶ 7. The State then called Detective Lisa Sanders, who testified that, when she arrived at the hospital while N.W. was getting tested, Marionette was on the phone with Ashford. Sanders had Marionette put Ashford on speaker phone while Sanders prompted Marionette on what to say. After repeatedly denying ever being with N.W., Ashford stated he would help take care of the baby if N.W. was pregnant, "just out of kindness." Sanders testified he even agreed to pay for an abortion. Ashford said he would submit to a DNA test but did not want the police involved. Four days later, Ashford went to the police station and, after signing an acknowledgment of rights form, gave a videorecorded statement to Sanders.
¶ 8. Next, the State called Dr. Olufemi Adeleye — the physician who treated N.W. at the hospital — as an expert regarding the examination, bloodwork, and results. On May 7, 2012, N.W.'s chief complaint was a vaginal discharge. She told the doctor she was molested two to three months back, that she was fourteen, and that she had been molested since age nine. Dr. Adeleye diagnosed N.W. with trichomoniasis, a disease that is spread only through sexual intercourse. He testified that trichomoniasis is treated with a single dose of medication, which is how N.W. was treated. According to Dr. Adeleye's testimony, one dose cures the patient. On cross-examination, Dr. Adeleye testified that he had never tested or treated Ashford for an STD, but that he could have been treated elsewhere.
¶ 9. Marjorie testified that she had dated Ashford off-and-on for ten to fifteen years and that he lived with her during that time. She testified that N.W. came to her house often, that she sometimes spent the night, and that she sometimes slept in the bed with Marjorie and Ashford. Marjorie stated she is a heavy sleeper and that it would be hard to wake her. She testified that in May 2012, she and Ashford were not having a sexual relationship "because of his infidelities." When Marjorie told Ashford by phone about N.W.'s allegations, he was not home. He said he would come by but he never returned. He left all of his belongings in Marjorie's house. According to Marjorie, Ashford did not work during the time he and she were together until the last six months, when he started working with her father. When asked if
¶ 10. Sonya Graham, the chief executive officer of North Oak Hospital, testified that there was no record of Ashford applying for a job at the hospital and that STD testing is not part of the hiring process. The hospital tests potential employees only for tuberculosis, rubella, and drugs. On cross-examination, she agreed with defense counsel that Ashford may have gotten an application and just never turned it in, to explain the lack of record.
¶ 11. N.W.'s other aunt, Jessica Willie, testified that Ashford and Marjorie started living together in either 2008 or 2009. She stated anytime her family got together for a function, Ashford was always there. According to her, Ashford did not work, so he stayed home cooking, cleaning, and taking care of all the children. Jessica described a time when she walked in on N.W. and Ashford laying in the bed in a "spooning" position, but on top of the covers, with space between and wearing clothes. She told Marionette and Marjorie about the incident, but they told her to leave it alone, that they did not think anything was going on.
¶ 12. N.W.'s grandfather, Willie Willie, testified that when Marjorie was dating Ashford, he saw Ashford nearly every day. Willie stated Jessica also told him about the incident in the bed, but that he disregarded it as well because Jessica "likes to keep confusing and deviling going."
¶ 13. At this point, the State rested. The defense moved for a directed verdict, arguing the State had failed to meet its burden of proof. That motion was overruled.
¶ 14. The defense's first witness was Ruby Tate, Ashford's mother. She testified
¶ 15. Next, Ashford's aunt, Gail Hawkins, testified that from sometime in 2007 to sometime in 2008, Ashford was in and out, helping take care of her father, who suffered from Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Ashford sometimes sat with him during the day, sometimes at night, just whenever he was needed. Gail testified that most nights, Ashford stayed with her helping take care of her father. During the day he was "in and out, back and forth." Gail stated she had seen Marjorie, Kelvin, and the children together at Walmart on occasion, but that to her knowledge, he had continued living with Ruby.
¶ 16. Ashford's sister, Crystal Burton, testified he dated Mabrey until 2008, followed by Tina Gardner and Tina Draper. She said he dated Marjorie as well, but that it was just an "occasional relationship." He dated Gardner for two years and then dated Draper and Marjorie at the same time. According to Crystal, Ashford worked with hospice in 2007 keeping their grandfather and at some point worked in construction with Tony Jones. Crystal said she knew the Willies very well, that the children called her Aunt Crystal, but that Ashford never had stayed with Marjorie. Crystal testified that Marjorie had told her Marjorie was going to get tested for STDs. According to Crystal, Marjorie had told her that she went to the health department and "didn't have anything." On cross-examination, Crystal stated she never told law enforcement officials about Marjorie saying she had tested negative for STDs because no one had asked. However, she claimed she told defense counsel back in 2012 when Ashford first sought representation.
¶ 17. The defense then called Tina Draper, who testified that she had dated Ashford from April 2010 to August 2012. During that time, Ashford typically stayed with Ruby during the week and with Draper on the weekends. Occasionally, Draper would pick up Ashford at Marjorie's house. Draper testified that she and Ashford were sexually active during that time but that she never had an STD and never knew Ashford to have one. During the time they dated, Draper knew Ashford worked for a lawn service. Draper testified she sometimes picked up Ashford at Marjorie's because he kept the children there. Draper said she was sexually active only with Ashford and that she tested negative for STDs in July 2012.
¶ 18. Finally, Ashford testified in his own defense. According to Ashford, he was living with Ruby in 2007 until late 2010 when he began living with Draper. He denied ever staying continuously with
¶ 19. Ashford denied having any sexual or inappropriate contact with N.W. He stated Marjorie was easy to wake up. He denied ever sleeping in the same bed with N.W., regardless of whether Marjorie was present or not. He stated he saw N.W. only on holidays, birthdays, and other special occasions. He denied ever having an STD. Ashford testified he never spent any time in 2007, 2008, or 2009 with Marjorie. In 2010, he and Marjorie started talking. Though he was still seeing and staying with Draper, he started going to Marjorie's during the week to be closer to work. According to Ashford, he never volunteered to keep any of the children and was never alone with N.W. However, he did admit to taking Marionette and her children to Le Bonheur and driving back with just N.W. in the car. This occurred in either January or February of 2012, when N.W. was fourteen years old. He denied trying to mess with or touch her in any way or that they were having sex going down the road. On cross-examination, Ashford denied ever being alone with N.W. He admitted that N.W. had spent the night at Marjorie's with Ashford present. He reasserted that he did not see Marjorie until 2010 and that, even then, they were simply "sex partners." He testified he started working for the seasonal lawn service in 2011 and worked in construction as needed for Tony Jones before that. Ashford denied ever agreeing to pay for an abortion but admitted to agreeing to help "in any way possible."
¶ 20. After Ashford's testimony, the defense rested. Following deliberations, the jury found Ashford guilty on all counts.
¶ 21. A hearing was held on June 10, 2015, regarding the post-trial motions. At that first post-trial hearing, the trial court granted the motion for a subpoena duces tecum and held the motion for JNOV or new trial in abeyance per Ashford's request. At that hearing, Ashford offered a post he attributed to N.W. "wherein she recants her testimony and says that she was lying." Ashford also claimed to have text messages from Jessica describing a scheme to have him convicted for leaving Marjorie for another woman. According to Ashford's counsel, the Facebook post was provided by some third party to Ashford's wife, who was hospitalized in Tennessee and unable to attend the hearing. The State countered that if questioned, N.W. would deny making the post alluded to by Ashford. In regard to the subpoena requested, the State requested that the subpoena be expanded to include Crystal's Facebook page, for Crystal had acknowledged the existence of fake profiles to create drama between the families. That request also was granted. The court granted the subpoena duces tecum in the interest of justice so the evidence could be "properly explored and given whatever value it ought to be given." The subpoena was issued on July 7, 2015.
¶ 22. Facebook responded to the subpoena duces tecum by letter dated July 16, 2015, informing defense counsel that the Stored Communications Act
¶ 23. At the October 16 hearing, Ashford's counsel acknowledged receipt of the information requested in the motion for subpoenas duces tecum from everyone except N.W. The State informed the court that N.W.'s Facebook pages had been placed in the court file. When those pages could not be found in the court file, the State provided Ashford a printout of N.W.'s Facebook page that Detective Sanders had obtained voluntarily from N.W. after Ashford filed his first motion for JNOV or new trial on April 28, 2015. The State had N.W. review the pages produced by Detective Sanders to determine if they were identical to those N.W. had brought to the court that day and that N.W. would testify that they were identical. Defense counsel took issue with those pages. The court specifically asked N.W. if she had brought her pages to court that day. She said she did, and she had given them either to Sanders or to the prosecutor. The court then inquired of the prosecutor what she had done with N.W.'s pages. She replied that she had furnished N.W.'s pages to the sheriff at Ashford's counsel's request. Ashford's counsel confirmed the State's version of events.
¶ 24. No further action was taken that day other than setting Ashford's sentencing hearing for October 27 — eleven days later. The court unequivocally stated that the 27th was for sentencing only and imposed an October 20 deadline for filing any other matters. No other motions or matters
¶ 25. On the 27th, the court opened the hearing by stating,
The State announced ready. Ashford's counsel responded to the court that she had filed a motion to withdraw on the 21st (after the 20th deadline) because a dispute had arisen between her and Ashford on that date and that Ashford was unwilling to take her advice any longer. Particularly, counsel stated that had she known that the situation would arise, she would have filed it on the 20th, "but it didn't arise before the 21st." The court denied the motion to withdraw and instructed the State to proceed:
¶ 26. The State called N.W., who testified her trial testimony was true, that she had not recanted her trial testimony, and that she had not posted anything on Facebook about lying during trial. When questioned regarding the impact of Ashford's crimes on her as the victim, she explained to the court that she was being ridiculed at school, that she feared men, and that she felt "worthless" as a result of what Ashford had done to her. She requested he receive the maximum penalty. On cross-examination, N.W. identified Facebook printouts without the alleged recantation as her pages, and denied posting what Ashford claimed she had.
¶ 27. Marionette testified that at some point, she received a phone call from someone identifying herself as Amanda Bailey, claiming to be from the district attorney's office, and requesting N.W.'s Facebook information, age, and teachers' names. She claimed she did not know an Amanda Bailey, did not know if she worked at the district attorney's office, and did not check to see if she worked there.
¶ 28. Ashford countered with his sister, Crystal Burton. Crystal testified that Ashford had resided with Marjorie off-and-on, but she did not know the actual length of time. She also stated Ashford worked off-and-on at Walmart, doing landscaping, and with Tony Jones. She did not recall him being with Select Staffing. While he worked with hospice with their grandfather, he was staying some with the grandfather, some with Ruby, and some with Marjorie. She then testified to seeing the contested recantation post on Facebook. She also stated that an envelope was left on her car two days after trial containing an anonymous note which described a scheme to get Ashford convicted because he was cheating on Marjorie. Also contained in the envelope was a photocopy of a phone open to text messages implying that Ashford may be innocent "but no one will ever know." The messages also stated "[t]hat mf playboy won't hurt my sis again." Crystal believed the phone number the messages came from belonged to Jessica because the number matched the one Jessica posted as her phone number on Facebook.
¶ 29. Crystal testified she gave the packet to defense counsel two days after receiving it, but that she had no idea where it came from or whose phone was depicted in the photocopy. She stated she took the documents to Detective Sanders the week before the sentencing hearing to try and get them fingerprinted. According to Crystal, defense counsel was supposed to be trying to get the phone records from the number in the photos. On cross-examination, it was pointed out that there were no reply messages in the text chain. Crystal stated she believed the person who owned the phone had deleted their messages before copying. Crystal admitted to posting on Facebook an acknowledgment that someone had created a fake profile "to keep up drama." Again, Ashford's wife allegedly was ill and unavailable to testify as to how she first acquired the contested recantation post.
¶ 30. Just before defense counsel began to redirect Crystal, the court interjected:
The defense rested.
¶ 31. The trial court sentenced Ashford to twenty years each on counts one
¶ 32. Ashford raises the following issues on appeal, which have been restated for clarity:
¶ 33. We review a trial court's denial of a motion for new trial based on newly discovered evidence for an abuse of discretion. Moore v. State, 508 So.2d 666, 668-69 (Miss. 1987).
Brown v. State, 890 So.2d 901, 917 (Miss. 2004).
¶ 34. Ashford argues the trial court abused its discretion when it failed to consider evidence that N.W. committed perjury and takes issue with the language used by the trial court in its order. Specifically, the order reads as follows:
Ashford argues that, because defense counsel was cut off from presenting further Facebook evidence during the sentencing hearing, the trial court did not in fact hear argument of counsel and was not fully advised in the premises. According to Ashford, the trial court denied his motion based on a partial presentation of the evidence and thus abused its discretion.
¶ 35. We find the trial court based its ruling on the evidence received throughout the proceedings, up to and including all filings and argument presented to the court on or before the October 20, 2015, deadline. The court was explicit that the hearing on October 27 was a sentencing hearing. The court gave the parties until October 20 to file any additional motions or bring any other matters to the court's attention. Furthermore, defense counsel's statement that she would have presented
¶ 36. Prior to October 20, the trial court had been provided a copy of the alleged recantation post and a copy of Marjorie's, Jessica's, Marionette's, and N.W.'s Facebook pages.
¶ 37. Throughout these proceedings, the court was informed that N.W. had denied creating the posts averred by Ashford to be the basis for his motion for a new trial. Thus, the trial court did not err in denying Ashford's motion for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence. Whether based on the information before the court by the October 20 deadline, or including that which was developed at the October 27 sentencing hearing (there being no substantive difference), Ashford never established any newly discovered evidence. We cannot say that the result would be different if a new trial were granted. See Brown, 890 So.2d at 917; see also Howell v. State, 989 So.2d 372, 384 (Miss. 2008) ("As a general rule, recanted testimony is exceedingly unreliable, and is regarded with suspicion; and it is the right and duty of the court to deny a new trial where it is not satisfied that such testimony is true."). Here, no recanted testimony was established.
¶ 38. As to Ashford's argument that the trial court had erred in enforcing the October 20 deadline, this Court affirmed a trial court's ability and authority to enforce known deadlines: "It may be that people will miss fewer trains if they know the engineer will leave without them rather than delay even a few seconds.... At some point the train must leave." Bowie v. Montfort Jones Mem'l Hosp., 861 So.2d 1037, 1042 (Miss. 2003) (quoting Guaranty Nat'l Ins. Co. v. Pittman, 501 So.2d 377, 388-89 (Miss. 1987)). While the Court was addressing enforcement of scheduling orders, the language is aptly suited to the case at bar.
¶ 39. We review challenges to the legal sufficiency of the evidence de novo. Brooks v. State, 203 So.3d 1134, 1137 (Miss. 2016). "[T]he relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." Id.
¶ 40. Ashford argues the State failed to prove that he penetrated N.W.'s vagina as charged in counts one and six. As to counts seven through ten, he argues the State failed to prove he fondled or sexually battered N.W. while she was fourteen
¶ 41. Slight penetration of the vulva or labia is sufficient to constitute penetration. Bateman v. State, 125 So.3d 616, 623 (Miss. 2013). The jury received evidence detailing the sexual acts Ashford committed against N.W. or forced her to perform. Her testimony was supported by her prior statement to Detective Sanders, which was admitted into evidence without objection. The record contains more than sufficient evidence to dispel the defendant's argument and supports his convictions. In addition to her description of the sexual acts, N.W. stated the last time she and Ashford had sexual contact was two to three months prior to her May 7, 2012, statement. As further evidence of vaginal penetration, N.W. was diagnosed with an STD that caused her to have a vaginal discharge. She testified the only person with whom she was sexually active was Ashford. Dr. Adeleye testified the STD could be transferred only through sexual intercourse.
¶ 42. N.W. testified Ashford first started touching and sexually abusing her when she was nine years old, and that the abuse had continued for four to five years straight, from ages nine to fourteen. She said he had touched her with his hand and his penis, and that he had kissed her vagina. In her statement, N.W. indicated the last time she and Ashford were sexually active was two to three months prior to May 2012, which would have occurred during a time when N.W. was fourteen years old.
¶ 43. We find that, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, the verdict was supported by substantial evidence.
¶ 44. We review the denial of a motion for a new trial based on an objection to the weight of the evidence for an abuse of discretion and "will only disturb a verdict when it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence that to allow it to stand would sanction an unconscionable injustice." Kirk v. State, 160 So.3d 685, 697 (Miss. 2015).
¶ 45. Ashford argues N.W.'s version of events was simply incredible. For one, he asserts it cannot be believed that he had sex with N.W. while Marjorie and two other children were in the bed with them, nor that he sexually assaulted her in every room of the house while people were present. Second, he finds it preposterous that he committed sexual acts against N.W. every single day from 2007 through March or April of 2012. He also argues N.W.'s testimony that he did not work was contradicted by his trial witnesses. Finally, he argues the fact that Marjorie and Draper did not contract an STD from him belies N.W.'s allegations.
¶ 46. Ashford mischaracterizes N.W.'s testimony. When describing the incident in which Ashford sexually assaulted N.W. while Marjorie also was in the bed, N.W. never said any other people were in the bed with them. She did say that, on occasion,
¶ 47. Nor do we understand N.W.'s testimony to be that Ashford abused her every single day. She stated he committed sexual acts against her more than a hundred times — considerably less than every day for four to five years. We read N.W.'s testimony to be that Ashford committed the acts every chance he had — when he was around N.W. and when the opportunity presented itself. As to his work history, all agreed that Ashford worked for a seasonal lawn service in 2011 and 2012. Ashford's witnesses testified he worked in hospice for about six months in 2008, but even his own mother remembered him working for hospice and the lawn service only between 2007 and 2012.
¶ 48. Crystal, Ashford's sister, said that Marjorie said she had gotten tested and was negative. However, Marjorie testified that she never got tested. Draper did not testify as to the last time she and Ashford had sex but stated she got tested in July 2012. Dr. Adeleye testified that the STD could be treated and cured with a single dose of medication. Though Adeleye did not treat Ashford, he testified he easily could have been treated elsewhere.
¶ 49. The crux of Ashford's weight-of-the-evidence argument hinges on witness credibility. "This Court has also held that it is in the province of the jury to determine the credibility of witnesses. Any questions regarding the weight and worth of witness testimony or witness credibility are for the jury to resolve." Williams v. State, 757 So.2d 953, 957 (Miss. 1999) (internal citations omitted). Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, the evidence does not preponderate so heavily against the verdict that to allow it to stand would sanction an unconscionable result.
¶ 50. To succeed on an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, the defendant must show that (1) his counsel's performance was deficient, and (2) this deficiency prejudiced his defense. Puckett v. State, 879 So.2d 920, 935 (Miss. 2004) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 686, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed. 2d 674 (1984)). "There is a strong but rebuttable presumption that trial counsel was competent and performed within the wide range of reasonable conduct expected from counsel." Wilson v. State, 194 So.3d 855, 862 (Miss. 2016). The burden is on the petitioner to rebut the presumption by showing that counsel's performance did not meet the constitutional standard established in Strickland. Id.
¶ 51. Ashford alleges his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance by (1) failing to investigate newly discovered evidence after trial, (2) failing to present testimony of Ashford's work history during trial, (3) failing to present evidence on post-trial motions by the October 20 deadline, and (4) eliciting damaging testimony on N.W.'s cross-examination. Ashford argues defense counsel's failure to obtain search warrants to get posts from Facebook
¶ 52. These claims are without merit. Ashford claims the text messages came from Jessica. At the sentencing hearing, Crystal testified she knew the number was Jessica's because it matched her phone number on Facebook. There was no evidence or testimony to the contrary. At the same time, trial testimony established that Jessica had a reputation for causing drama and stirring up trouble. As for counsel's failure to secure a search warrant for Facebook, Facebook's counsel informed defense counsel that she could either secure a search warrant for the corporate office or subpoena the records from the individual users. Defense counsel chose the latter option. Facebook provided Ashford's counsel with two options to obtain the information. She chose one of those options. We find counsel's decision did not amount to deficient performance, nor has Ashford shown the prejudice required by Strickland.
¶ 53. Ashford argues defense counsel should have presented the Select Staffing documents during trial instead of waiting until the sentencing hearing. Had the documents of which Ashford now complains been admitted into evidence, they offer no probative or relevant information which would exonerate him from the crimes for which he was convicted. Other testimony reveals large gaps of undisputed, long-term unemployment. Counsel's failure to present the Select Staffing documents during trial does not establish ineffective assistance.
¶ 54. To the extent Ashford argues counsel's failure to present additional evidence to the trial court by the October 20, 2015, deadline was ineffective assistance, neither the deficient-performance nor the prejudice prong has been satisfied. As discussed in Issue I, N.W. denied posting a recantation. Furthermore, the State presented evidence that fake profiles of N.W. existed. Ashford failed to offer "newly discovered evidence" sufficient to warrant the granting of a new trial. He offered no substantive evidence to support a claim of newly discovered evidence. The trial court conducted three separate post-trial hearings — culminating in a sentencing hearing. At the first hearing, defense counsel and the trial court had been informed that N.W. would deny making the post in which she allegedly recanted her trial testimony. N.W. was available to testify to that effect.
¶ 55. Finally, Ashford argues defense counsel's cross-examination of N.W. amounted to ineffective assistance of counsel by establishing the only evidence in the record that pointed to vaginal penetration and age. Particularly, Ashford faults defense counsel for asking N.W. to describe his penis without asking Ashford to confirm or deny that description.
¶ 56. However, during cross-examination, counsel essentially questioned N.W. line-by-line on her statement to Detective Sanders, which already had been admitted into evidence. Thus, that part of the cross-examination did not add anything that was not already before the jury. Ashford repeatedly denied having any sexual contact with N.W. and stated she never saw him naked. If that were so, N.W. would not have been able to describe his penis when asked by defense counsel. But she did. Ashford faults defense counsel for not asking him to confirm or deny that description. Yet he fails to tell this Court how his description would differ from that given by N.W. Not knowing what his answer to that question would be, we cannot say that counsel's actions prejudiced his defense.
¶ 57. For the reasons stated, we find Ashford's claims of error are without merit. The judgment and sentences of the Tate County Circuit Court are affirmed.
¶ 58.
WALLER, C.J., DICKINSON, P.J., KITCHENS, KING, COLEMAN, MAXWELL, BEAM AND CHAMBERLIN, JJ., CONCUR.
Sentencing Exhibit 2 (errors in original).