SHARION AYCOCK, District Judge.
Plaintiff Avery C. Young filed this suit against Defendant Domtar Paper Company, alleging racial discrimination in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights of 1964. Domtar moves the Court to dismiss Young's complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) because Young failed to file his complaint within ninety days of receiving notice of his right to sue. Alternatively, Domtar moves for summary judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(a), asserting that, in exchange for valuable consideration, Young signed a separation agreement which released and waived all claims arising out of his employment relationship with Domtar. For the following reasons, the Court grants the motion.
Young worked at a paper mill owned and operated by Domtar in Columbus, Mississippi. On March 9, 2010, Young filed a charge of discrimination with the EEOC, alleging that Domtar was discriminating against him on the basis of race by freezing his pay. The Columbus mill ceased operations soon afterwards, and Young completed his last day of work on April 16, 2010. On April 21, 2010, Young executed a "Separation Agreement and Full Release of All Claims" and received a severance package. Slightly over a year later, the EEOC closed its investigation of Young's charge of discrimination and issued a right-to-sue letter on May 26, 2011. Young filed the instant suit against Domtar on November 8, 2011, asserting claims of racial discrimination, hostile work environment, and retaliation in violation of Title VII.
Because the Court has considered matters beyond the pleadings, the Court will analyze the instant motion as one for for summary judgment under Rule 56. "The court shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a). "An issue of material fact is genuine if a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmovant."
"A party asserting that a fact cannot be or is genuinely disputed must support the assertion by: (A) citing to particular parts of materials in the record, including depositions, documents, electronically stored information, affidavits or declarations, stipulations (including those made for purposes of the motion only), admissions, interrogatory answers, or other materials; or (B) showing that the materials cited do not establish the absence or presence of a genuine dispute, or that an adverse party cannot produce admissible evidence to support the fact." FED. R. CIV. P. 56(c)(1). "Conclusional allegations and denials, speculation, improbable inferences, unsubstantiated assertions, and legalistic argumentation do not adequately substitute for specific facts showing a genuine issue for trial."
Domtar first argues that it is entitled to summary judgment because Young waived any right to assert a claim arising out of his employment or separation from employment with Domtar. The language of the Separation Agreement signed by Young reads, in pertinent part:
The release expressly includes "any rights or claims [Young] may have under . . . Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. . . ." It further provides, "I must sign this release before being eligible to receive these benefits."
A release waiving rights under Title VII must be both knowing and voluntary.
Young filed his charge of discrimination on March 9, 2010. The Separation Agreement, which is conspicuously labeled "Separation Agreement and Full Release of All Claims," was sent to Young along with the notice of his impending layoff on March 23, 2010. By the terms of the Separation Agreement, Young had forty-five days to review the Agreement before making a decision and seven days to revoke the Separation Agreement after its execution. The Agreement advised Young to consult with an attorney before executing the release. Young completed his last day of work at the Columbus mill on April 16, 2010, and executed the Separation Agreement on April 21, 2010, for consideration in the amount of $25,803.
Defendant has met its initial burden. Young does not contest signing the release, nor does he dispute that the instant suit is barred by the plain language of the release. However, Young now contends that the release is void due to a lack of consideration. Young argues that he was contractually entitled to the severance benefits he received—whether or not he signed the release—based upon a provision in the employee handbook of the Columbus mill's former owner, Weyerhauser Pulp. According to Young, by virtue of the Weyerhauser Pulp handbook provision, he was contractually entitled to severance pay, and the promise of the severance pay was not contingent on the execution of any release or waiver or rights. Domtar acquired the paper making operations of the Columbus mill from Weyerhaeuser in March 2007. Young argues the Weyeraeuser employee handbook was ratified by Domtar upon its purchase. However, the record is devoid of any evidence supporting these arguments. In particular, Young provides neither the handbook provision at issue nor any evidence whatsoever regarding how Domtar purportedly ratified any agreement that may have existed between Young and Weyerheuser. Young merely asserts in a conclusory fashion that he "was entitled to the pay promised by Plaintiff's predecessor employer and ratified by the defendant upon purchasing said plant." As Young has failed to provide any evidence establishing that he was entitled to the severance benefits he received, the Court concludes that Young received consideration in exchange for signing the separation agreement.
Looking to the totality of the circumstances, the language of the release is clear and unambiguous. Young had an adequate amount of time to consider the release before signing, Young was advised to consult with an attorney before signing, and Young received adequate consideration in the amount $25,803. Young has failed to bring forth any evidence that he was otherwise entitled to this money or establishing any other defense to the release. Based on the totality of the circumstances, the Court finds that Young has failed to raise a genuine issue of material fact as to whether he knowingly and voluntarily executed the release. Accordingly, Domtar is entitled to summary judgment, and Young's claims are due to be dismissed.
Additionally and alternatively, the Court finds that Young's complaint is subject to dismissal because he failed to file suit within ninety days of receiving notice of his right to sue. Title VII claims must be filed within ninety days after receipt of the notice of right to sue or the action will be dismissed. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(1);
Here, the EEOC mailed a right-to-sue letter to Young on May 26, 2011. Although the record does not reveal the day Young received the letter, the Court will give Young all benefit of the doubt and presume that he received the letter seven days later, on June 2, 2011. Therefore, the ninety day period to file his suit would have expired, at the latest, on August 31, 2011. Young does not deny receiving the letter, which clearly advised him that his lawsuit must be filed within ninety days. Instead, Young argues that tolling should apply because, on June 24, 2011, he suffered a major fire in his home wherein all documentation related to his EEOC claim was lost. Young argues that this "made it impossible for him to file suit as required inasmuch as Plaintiff was unaware of the deadline by which to file his complaint." However, prior to the expiration of the ninety day period, Young, while acting pro se, wrote a letter
Young executed an acknowledgment of receipt of the order on September 23, 2011. Young filed the instant suit on November 8, 2011, 166 days after the right-to-sue letter was mailed.
Domtar argues that Young's complaint is untimely because it was filed outside the ninety day period, and therefore due to be dismissed as a matter of law. Young does not deny that his complaint was filed outside the ninety-day window,
Because the ninety-day filing requirement is not a jurisdictional requisite to filing suit, but instead more akin to a statute of limitations, it is subject to equitable tolling.
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Although the Court is not without sympathy for Young, the Court concludes that the facts in this case do not rise to the level of "exceptional circumstances" justifying the application of equitable tolling. First, the record is bereft of evidence supporting Young's claim that he was unable to file his suit his suit due to the fire. The only evidence submitted by Young in his response is a copy of the order he received from the magistrate judge. Young has failed to provide the Court with any sworn testimony or other evidence supporting his claim for equitable tolling. Without any substantiation of mental or physical incapacity, equitable tolling does not apply.
Second, while not discounting the disruption a house fire can impose on one's life, it falls short of the "exceptional" circumstances which have been held to justify equitable tolling, such a plaintiff being institutionalized, or a defendant intentionally concealing facts supporting the plaintiff's claim, or the EEOC misleading the plaintiff about his rights. Young fails to show how the house fire would have made it impossible for him to timely file his suit within the ninety day period.
Finally, as to the argument that equitable tolling should apply because of the Plaintiff's diligence in writing the Court and lack of prejudice to Domtar, that argument appears foreclosed by
Finally, even if, assuming arguendo, some basis for equitable tolling had been established, Young provides no explanation as to why he delayed an additional forty-six days before filing suit after receipt of the letter from the magistrate judge advising him to file suit "at the earliest possible time." A plaintiff "who fails to act diligently cannot invoke equitable principles to excuse that lack of diligence."
The Court finds no basis in the record that "exceptional circumstances" exist which justify equitable tolling. Therefore, Young's Title VII claim is due to be dismissed as untimely.
For the foregoing reasons, the Court GRANTS Defendant's Motion to Dismiss or in the Alternative Motion for Summary Judgment [6]. Plaintiff's claims are dismissed, and this case is CLOSED. Pursuant to Rule 58, a separate judgment will issue in accordance with this opinion.
SO ORDERED.