DANIEL P. JORDAN, III, Chief District Judge.
Plaintiff Jimmy Culbert filed this § 1983 case against then-Governor Phil Bryant to challenge several sections of the Mississippi Code that make prisoners convicted of sex offenses ineligible for parole or earned-time credits.
In September 1997, Culbert pleaded guilty in Warren County Circuit Court to kidnapping a child under the age of ten and sexual battery of a child under the age of fourteen. He was sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment on the sexual-battery charge and six years' imprisonment for kidnapping, with the two sentences to run consecutively. The sentencing order specified that the 30-year sentence on the sexual-battery conviction would be served without the possibility of parole. See Miss. Code Ann. § 47-7-3(1)(b) ("Any person who shall have been convicted of a sex crime shall not be released on parole . . . ."); Miss. Code Ann. § 47-1-139(1)(d) ("An inmate shall not be eligible for the earned time allowance if . . . [t]he inmate was convicted of a sex crime . . . .").
According to Culbert, Mississippi law, as implemented by Bryant, discriminates against sex offenders "who committed [their] crime[s] on or after August 23, 1994 . . . and prior to July 1, 2014" because sex offenders "who committed [their] crimes prior to August 23, 1994[,] and on or after July 1, 2014 . . . receive[ ] 50% off of their sentence under [Mississippi Code Annotated sections] 47-5-138, 47-5-139, 47-5-138.1 [and] 47-5-142."
Based on these assertions, Culbert sued Bryant under § 1983 alleging that the former Governor violated the Equal Protection Clause, the Due Process Clause, and the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. Id. Culbert also says he will suffer irreparable harm if he continues to be denied access to earned-time credits and parole, so he seeks a preliminary order enjoining Bryant from continuing to enforce the cited statutes.
"A preliminary injunction is an extraordinary remedy never awarded as of right." Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 24 (2008). To obtain this relief, Culbert must demonstrate four familiar requirements:
Women's Med. Ctr. of Nw. Hous. v. Bell, 248 F.3d 411, 419 n.15 (5th Cir. 2001). Pertinent here, "[m]andatory preliminary relief, which goes well beyond simply maintaining the status quo pendant lite, is particularly disfavored, and should not be issued unless the facts and law clearly favor the moving party." Martinez v. Matthews, 544 F.2d 1233, 1243 (5th Cir. 1976).
Judge Ball concluded that Culbert "has failed to carry the burden of persuasion on all four elements." R&R [45] at 3. The Court agrees.
On the irreparable-injury prong, it is certainly true that "incarceration of a person in violation of the Constitution is indeed irreparable harm." Topletz v. Skinner, No. 4:19-CV-RWS-KPJ, 2020 WL 597344, at *6 (E.D. Tex. Jan. 6, 2020). But Culbert has not yet demonstrated that his present incarceration does, in fact, violate his constitutional rights. So the Court cannot say there is a substantial threat of irreparable harm from Culbert's continued incarceration under the earned-time and parole restrictions.
Turning to the balance of harms, Judge Ball noted that the relief sought in this motion mirrors the ultimate relief Culbert seeks. Where "a preliminary injunction would give plaintiff all or most of the relief to which plaintiff would be entitled if successful at trial . . . courts have noted that preliminary relief may be excessively burdensome." 11A Fed. Prac. & Proc. Civ. § 2948.2 (3d ed.); see Horton v. LeBlanc, No. 6:09-0125, 2009 WL 1606651, at *2 (W.D. La. June 8, 2009) ("[T]he issues which are the subject of this separate Motion are the same issues raised in plaintiff's Complaint and Amended Complaint which will be ultimately decided by this court as the case proceeds. Thus, plaintiff's separately filed Motion is duplicative and repetitive. Plaintiff cannot evade the orderly disposition of his claims by filing a separate motion for injunctive relief.").
Finally, as Judge Ball recognized, Culbert's argument that a preliminary injunction would serve the public interest is based entirely on "conclusory statements" that do not satisfy his burden of persuasion. R&R [45] at 4. Culbert has not met his heavy burden of demonstrating that preliminary injunctive relief is warranted in this case.
The Court has considered all arguments. Those not addressed would not have changed the outcome. For the foregoing reasons, the Report and Recommendation [45] is adopted as the Court's opinion, and Culbert's Motion for Preliminary Injunction [11] is denied.