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WOODS v. CROSSROADS CORRECTIONAL CENTER, CV 13-68-GF-DWM-RKS. (2014)

Court: District Court, D. Montana Number: infdco20141105a16 Visitors: 4
Filed: Nov. 04, 2014
Latest Update: Nov. 04, 2014
Summary: ORDER DONALD W. MOLLOY, District Judge. Plaintiff Jeremy Woods, appearing pro se, alleges Defendants failed to protect him from an assault by another inmate in violation ofthe Eighth Amendment. (Complaint, Doc. 6.) Magistrate Judge Keith Strong ordered Defendants to respond to the Complaint. (Doc. 19.) Defendants moved to dismiss the case pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b) and 42 U.S.C. 1997e(a) for failure to exhaust administrative remedies. (Doc. 21.) After the Ninth Circuit
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ORDER

DONALD W. MOLLOY, District Judge.

Plaintiff Jeremy Woods, appearing pro se, alleges Defendants failed to protect him from an assault by another inmate in violation ofthe Eighth Amendment. (Complaint, Doc. 6.) Magistrate Judge Keith Strong ordered Defendants to respond to the Complaint. (Doc. 19.) Defendants moved to dismiss the case pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b) and 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a) for failure to exhaust administrative remedies. (Doc. 21.) After the Ninth Circuit's decision in Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 1162 (9th Cir. 2014), the motion was construed as a motion for summary judgment. (Doc. 26.) Judge Strong entered Findings and Recommendations recommending the motion be denied. (Doc. 46.) Neither party has filed objections to Judge Strong's Findings and Recommendations.

The court reviews findings and recommendations on nondispositive motions for clear error. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(A); McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Commodore Bus. Mach., Inc., 656 F.2d 1309,1313 (9th Cir. 1981). On dispositive motions, the parties are entitled to de novo review ofthe specified findings or recommendations to which they object, 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); McDonnell Douglas Corp., 656 F.2d at 1313, and where there are no objections, the court is to give the level of consideration it deems appropriate, Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 150 (1985) ("It does not appear that Congress intended to require district court review of a magistrate's factual or legal conclusions, under a de novo or any other standard, when neither party objects to those findings."). This Court reviews for clear error. Clear error exists ifthe court is left with a "definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed." United States v. Syrax, 235 F.3d 422,427 (9th Cir. 2000).

The Court finds no clear error with Judge Strong's determination that Woods sufficiently satisfied all exhaustion requirements, and the Findings and Recommendations are adopted in full. As the parties are familiar with the factual and procedural background, it will not be restated here.

I. Summary Judgment Standard

A party is entitled to summary judgment if it can demonstrate that "there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). Summary judgment is warranted where the documentary evidence produced by the parties permits only one conclusion. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 251 (1986). Once the moving party has satisfied its initial burden with a properly supported motion, summary judgment is appropriate unless the non-moving party designates by affidavits, depositions, answers to interrogatories or admissions on file "specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial." Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 324 (1986). The Court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and draw all justifiable inferences in the non-moving party' s favor. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255. Filings by pro se litigants are entitled to special deference and are not held to the standards offilings of attorneys. Eldridge v. Block, 832 F.2d 1132, 1137 (9th Cir. 1987).

II. Prison Litigation Reform Act Exhaustion Requirement

The Prison Litigation Reform Act's exhaustion requirement states:

No action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions under section 1983 of this title, or any other Federal law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.

42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a); see also Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516,524-25 (2002). This means a prisoner must "compl[y] with an agency's deadlines and other critical procedural rules" before bringing suit in federal court. Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81,90 (2006). Exhaustion is mandatory. Porter, 534 U.S. at 524.

III. Exhaustion Procedure at Crossroads Correctional Center

The administrative exhaustion procedure at Crossroads Correctional Center is Montana State Prison Procedure 3.3.3, which covers the four-step grievance process. (Crossroads's SUF, Doc. 36 at ¶ 4.) First, in order to exhaust the grievance process, an inmate must submit an Inmate/Offender Informal Resolution form within five working days ofthe event complained of. (Doc. 36 at ¶ 9; Procedure 3.3.3, Doc. 23-1 at 2.) Second, ifthe inmate is not satisfied with the informal resolution process, he must then file an Inmate/Offender Grievance form within five working days of receipt ofthe response to his informal resolution attempt. (Doc. 36 at ¶ 10; Doc. 23-1 at 3.) Third, ifthe inmate is not satisfied with the response to the formal grievance, he must then appeal to the Warden by submitting an Inmate/Offender Grievance Appeal to Warden/Administrator form within five working days ofreceipt ofthe response to the formal grievance. (Doc. 36 at ¶ 11; Doc. 23-1 at 4.) Finally, ifthe inmate is not satisfied with the appeal decision, he must then appeal to the Director ofthe Montana Department of Corrections by submitting an Inmate/Offender Grievance Appeal to Corrections Director form within five working days ofreceipt ofthe Warden's appeal decision. (Doc. 36 at ¶ 11; Doc. 23-1 at 6.) The Procedure further provides, "If an inmate fails to receive a timely response from a staff member as set forth in this operational procedure, the inmate may file the appropriate forms to advance to the next level of the grievance program." (Doc. 23-1 at 2.)

IV. Discussion

Defendants argue Woods failed to properly exhaust his administrative remedies because he did not timely complete the first and final steps ofthe grievance procedure.

A. First Informal Resolution Step

There is no clear error with Judge Strong's conclusion that Woods satisfied the first step ofthe grievance procedure. On August 14,2012, Woods submitted a CCAICrossroads Correctional Center Inmate Letter (Kite) stating that on August 11, 2012, he had been assaulted and requesting a meeting with staff to discuss the situation. (Doc. 36 at ¶ 15; Letter, Doc. 23-3.) Four staffmembers met with Woods on August 17, 2012. (Id.) But this letter was not part ofthe grievance procedure. Instead, Woods started the grievance procedure on September 25, 2012, by submitting an Inmate/Offender Informal Resolution fonn pertaining to the August 11,2012 assault. (Doc. 36 at ¶ 16; Infonnal Resolution Fonn, Doc. 23-4.) Woods submitted the fonn well outside the five working days time limit. However, on October 2,2012, Defendants responded to Woods's infonnal resolution fonn on the merits rather than denying it as untimely. (Id.)

Defendants conceded in their opening brief that Woods satisfied the first step and did not argue otherwise until their reply brief. See Zamani v. Carnes, 491 F.3d 990, 997 (9th Cir. 2007) ("The district court need not consider arguments raised for the first time in a reply brief."). Additionally, there is persuasive authority that a prison's response to an inmate's untimely grievance on the merits satisfies the administrative exhaustion requirement. Reed-Bey v. Pramstaller, 603 F.3d 322, 325 (6th Cir. 2010) ("When prison officials decline to enforce their own procedural requirements and opt to consider otherwise-defaulted claims on the merits, so as a general rule will we."); Riccardo v. Rausch, 375 F.3d 521, 524 (7th Cir. 2004) (overlooking the untimeliness of a grievance, over the objection ofthe defendants, where prison officials reviewed grievance on the merits); Ross v. County o/Bernalillo, 365 F.3d 1181, 1186 (lOth Cir. 2004) (same), abrogated on other grounds by Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199 (2007); Camp v. Brennan, 219 F.3d 279,281 (3d Cir. 2000) (overlooking failure to file grievance with the proper officials, over the objection ofthe defendants, where officials ultimately reviewed grievance on the merits); see also Jones v. Stewart, 457 F.Supp.2d 1131, 1136 (D. Nev. 2006) (a response on the merits of an untimely grievance serves the underlying purposes ofthe administrative exhaustion requirement). There is no clear error with Judge Strong's conclusion that Woods exhausted the first step.

B. Final Appeal to the Corrections Director Step

There is no clear error with Judge Strong's determination that Woods submitted a timely Corrections Director appeal to satisfy the final step ofthe grievance procedure. On November 7, 2012, Woods submitted an Inmate/Offender Grievance Appeal to the Warden/Administrator form. (Doc. 36 at ¶ 18; Warden Appeal Form, Doc. 23-6.) Defendants produced a response to Woods's Warden appeal dated November 19, 2012, but it is not signed by Woods. (Id.) Woods maintains he did not receive the response. (Woods SDF, Doc. 39 at ¶ II.) Woods produced an Inmate/Offender Grievance Appeal to Corrections Director form dated December 14, 2012, (Doc. 39 at ¶ 12; Director Appeal Form, Doc. 38-6), but Defendants maintain this appeal was both untimely and never received.

Despite not having received the response to his Warden appeal, Woods had 25 days after the Warden received his appeal form to appeal to the Corrections Director because the Warden has 20 working days from receipt ofthe appeal form to provide a written response, (Doc. 23-1 at 4), and inmates have five working days from receipt ofthe response to appeal to the next level, (Doc. 23-1 at 5). (See Doc. 23-1 at 2 ("If an inmate fails to receive a timely response from a staff member as set forth in this operational procedure, the inmate may file the appropriate forms to advance to the next level ofthe grievance program.").) Woods's Warden appeal was stamped received on November 9,2012, (Doc. 23-6), and 25 working days from that date was December 14,2012. There is no clear error with Judge Strong's determination that Woods's Director appeal was timely.

Woods's copy ofhis Director appeal form is dated December 14,2012, and has a hand-written notation indicating he handed the form to the Grievance Coordinator, Officer Crandall, that day at 2:45 p.m. (Doc. 38-6; Doc. 39 at ¶ 12.) Woods produced a December 15, 2012, handwritten letter to his children in which he stated he submitted his Director appeal that week. (Doc. 41-2.) Woods also presented testimony that there was turnover in the Grievance Coordinator position during the time period in which he submitted his Director appeal, which could explain a misplaced appeal form. (Woods Aff., Doc. 38-1 at ¶ 22.) On January 24, 2013, Woods wrote to Officer Crandall inquiring about a response to his Director appeal, and on February 27, 2013, Officer Crandall responded explaining no Director appeal had been received, (Memo., Doc. 23-7). The court must determine this disputed issue of fact. Albino, 747 F.3d at 1170. Given the credible evidence presented by Woods and the lack ofrebuttal evidence presented by Defendants, and viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to Woods, there is no clear error with Judge Strong's determination that Woods submitted a Director appeal to Officer Crandall on December 14, 2012.

Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that the Findings and Recommendations (Doc. 46) are ADOPTED IN FULL.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants' Motion to Dismiss (Doc. 21), as construed as a motion for summary judgment, is DENIED.

Source:  Leagle

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