W. EARL BRITT, Senior District Judge.
This matter is before the court on the motion for judgment on the pleadings, (DE # 30), filed by defendants KB Home and KB Home Raleigh-Durham, Inc. (collectively "KB"). Also before the court is plaintiff Liberty Mutual Fire Insurance Company's ("Liberty") cross-motion for judgment on the pleadings. (DE # 39.) The motions are now ripe for adjudication.
The instant dispute concerns two commercial general liability insurance policies Liberty issued to KB Home Raleigh-Durham, Inc.'s subcontractor, defendant Stock Building Supply, LLC
On or about 5 December 2008, a group of North Carolina homeowners filed a lawsuit against KB in Wake County Superior Court, North Carolina, alleging that their homes had suffered water damage resulting from improper home construction, Mark Elliott, et al. v. KB Home North Carolina, Inc. and KB Home Raleigh-Durham, Inc., Case No. 08-CVS-21190. (
Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, Liberty agreed to reimburse KB for past defense costs arising from the Elliott suit and incurred through 30 November 2011. (DE # 26-1, at 1.) Further, the parties agreed:
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The Settlement Agreement also contains a detailed reservation of rights provision. Namely, the reservation of rights excepts from the Settlement Agreement "[Liberty's] On-Going Defense Obligations to KB Home under the Policies and the Defense Agreement." (
The Defense Agreement obligates Liberty to pay KB's defense costs in the Elliott action "from December 1, 2011 until the matter is resolved by settlement, verdict, or judgment, subject to paragraph 2(h) below (`Defense Obligation')." (DE # 26-2, at 1.) Paragraph 2(h) of the Defense Agreement provides as follows:
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After the execution of the agreements, Liberty paid the ongoing defense costs incurred by KB in the Elliott action until 9 May 2013. (Answer, DE # 26, ¶ 62.) At that time, Liberty informed KB that it was stopping payment because the policy limits had been exhausted as a result of payment of other claims. (
On 14 June 2013, Liberty filed the instant complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, seeking declaratory judgment that it is not required to defend (or pay defense costs) to KB in connection with the Elliott action and that it has "fully discharged" its defense obligations "pursuant to the Settlement Agreement and/or Defense Cost Agreement." (DE # 1, at 6.) On 11 July 2013, KB filed a motion to dismiss, or in the alternative, to transfer venue. (DE # 3.) Liberty responded by requesting that KB's motion be denied or, in the alternative, that Liberty be granted leave to amend its complaint. (DE # 7.) On 22 October 2013, the court granted Liberty leave to amend its complaint to further allege facts regarding subject matter jurisdiction. (DE # 12.) Liberty filed an amended complaint for declaratory judgment on 5 November 2013, setting forth allegations pertinent to subject matter jurisdiction but not altering the substance of its initial declaratory judgment claim. (DE # 13.) By memorandum opinion and order entered on 25 November 2013, this matter was transferred to this court. (DE # 16.)
On 8 January 2014, KB filed an answer and asserts the following counterclaims against Liberty: (1) breach of insurance contract; (2) breach of contract; (3) breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing; (4) unfair and deceptive trade practices; and (5) declaratory judgment. (DE # 26.) Copies of the Settlement Agreement and the Defense Agreement were attached to KB's answer and counterclaim. (DE ## 26-1, 26-2.) On 7 March 2014, KB filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings as to its declaratory judgment claim. (DE # 30.) On 21 April 2014, Liberty filed its cross-motion for judgment on the pleadings. (DE # 39.) These motions are now before the court.
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(c) provides that "[a]fter the pleadings are closed—but early enough not to delay trial—a party may move for judgment on the pleadings." A motion for judgment on the pleadings pursuant to Rule 12(c) is analyzed under the same standard of review as a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss.
In determining a motion for judgment on the pleadings, the court may consider documents attached to the pleadings, "so long as they are integral to the [pleadings] and authentic."
Liberty moves for a judgment declaring that under the terms of the Settlement Agreement and the Defense Agreement, it owes no further defense obligation to KB.
"[The North Carolina] Supreme Court has stated that a mediated settlement agreement constitutes a valid contract between the settling parties which is `governed by general principles of contract law.'"
The parties do not dispute that the terms of the Settlement Agreement and the Defense Agreement are clear and unambiguous. The principal issue in dispute is whether Liberty's defense obligation terminated upon its filing of this declaratory judgment action.
KB contends that, by virtue of the plain language in the Settlement Agreement and the Defense Agreement, the Defense Agreement alone controls Liberty's ongoing defense obligations. Therefore, KB argues, because there is no allegation that the Elliott action has been resolved nor any allegation that the Elliot action plaintiffs have asserted a claim for mold damages or amended their complaint to allege non-covered damages, Liberty's declaratory judgment claims must fail.
Liberty argues that the Settlement Agreement and Defense Agreement should be construed together as one agreement because they were executed at the same time as a part of the same transaction. It contends that its defense obligation ends when the Elliott action is resolved by "settlement, verdict, or judgment," as well upon Liberty's filing of a declaratory action seeking a court's determination of its defense obligations should "(1) [Liberty] determine[] that the claim against KB is not covered under the Policies; (2) the plaintiffs in the Elliott Action assert a claim for mold damages; [or] (3) [the] plaintiffs in the Elliott Action amend their complaint to allege damages not covered by the Policies." (Mem., DE # 40, at 15.) Liberty further contends that KB's interpretation is unreasonable because it nullifies this language in the Settlement Agreement and ignores the limits set forth in the insurance policies.
Looking at its plain language, the Defense Agreement comprehensively deals with Liberty's defense obligations from 1 December 2011 forward, detailing the selection of counsel as well as billing details, without reference to the Settlement Agreement. There is no indication that the terms of the Defense Agreement were not extensively negotiated between counsel for the parties. The parties excluded and reserved a number of rights from the Defense Agreement. The parties could have elected to include a provision reserving certain rights and claims relating to Liberty's defense obligations under the policies and/or the Settlement Agreement. The fact that they did not supports the conclusion that the Defense Agreement alone controls Liberty's future defense obligations.
Furthermore, the court considers the integration clause contained in the Defense Agreement. "North Carolina recognizes the validity of integration and merger clauses and has consistently upheld them."
It is true that "`separate contracts relating to the same subject matter and executed simultaneously by the same parties may be construed as one agreement,' and this is true even where one contract states that there are no other agreements between the parties."
Under the terms of the Defense Agreement, Liberty can be discharged from its ongoing defense obligations upon the occurrence of one of the following conditions: (1) the resolution of the Elliott action by settlement, verdict, or judgment; or (2) Liberty's filing of a declaratory action to determine whether Liberty may withdraw from the defense of that action should the plaintiffs there assert a claim for mold damages or amend their complaint to allege damages not covered by the policies. Liberty does not allege the satisfaction of either of these conditions in its amended complaint. Therefore, the court concludes that the pleadings and incorporated materials fail to establish that Liberty has fulfilled its defense obligations under the Defense Agreement.
For the foregoing reasons, the court DENIES Liberty's motion for judgment on the pleadings (DE # 39) and GRANTS KB's motion for judgment on the pleadings (DE # 30). It is hereby declared that Liberty is obligated to continue to defend KB under the terms of the Defense Agreement. Liberty's complaint is DISMISSED. KB's counterclaims one through four remain.