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USA v. McKoy, 5:09-CR-51-1-BO (2018)

Court: District Court, E.D. North Carolina Number: infdco20180206d06 Visitors: 17
Filed: Feb. 04, 2018
Latest Update: Feb. 04, 2018
Summary: ORDER TERRENCE W. BOYLE , District Judge . This cause comes before the Court on petitioner's motion to vacate, set aside, or correct sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 2255. The government has moved to dismiss the 2255 motion, and the matter is ripe for review. Also pending are petitioner's motions under Rule 59(e) and to update his petition. For the reasons that follow, petitioner's 2255 motion is dismissed. BACKGROUND On August 16, 2011, a jury convicted petitioner of possession of a
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ORDER

This cause comes before the Court on petitioner's motion to vacate, set aside, or correct sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. The government has moved to dismiss the § 2255 motion, and the matter is ripe for review. Also pending are petitioner's motions under Rule 59(e) and to update his petition. For the reasons that follow, petitioner's § 2255 motion is dismissed.

BACKGROUND

On August 16, 2011, a jury convicted petitioner of possession of a firearm by a felon in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(g) and 924, simple possession of marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 844, and possession with intent to distribute a quantity of cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 84. [DE 71]. On March 15, 2012, the Court sentenced petitioner to 220 months' imprisonment as well as other penalties. [DE 87, 88]. Petitioner appealed his conviction and sentence, and the Fourth Circuit affirmed the judgment of the Court in an unpublished opinion issued on November 20, 2012. [DE 102]. Petitioner filed a motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 which was dismissed by the Court on January 13, 2014. [DE 117]. The court of appeals by unpublished opinion affirmed the dismissal of the § 2255 motion in part and dismissed the appeal in part on October 8, 2014. [DE 125].

Petitioner filed the instant motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 on June 27, 2016, and received authorization from the court of appeals to file a second or successive § 2255 petition the same day. [DE 135 & 136]. In his § 2255 motion, filed by counsel, petitioner argues that he received an upward adjustment as a career offender under the United States Sentencing Guidelines based on convictions which no longer qualify as crimes of violence in light of the Supreme Court's decision in Johnson v. United States, 135 S.Ct. 2551 (2015), which struck the "residual clause" of the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(ii). This action was stayed on the government's motion awaiting a decision in Beckles v. United States, which was decided by the United States Supreme Court on March 6, 2017. 137 S.Ct. 886 (2017). The stay in this matter was subsequently lifted, and the government moved to dismiss the § 2255 motion. [DE 144].

DISCUSSION

At the outset, because petitioner's pro se Rule 59 motion and motion to update raise the same Johnson challenge as raised in his § 2255 motion, the Court considers each of petitioner's motions together. The Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), 18 U.S.C. § 924(e), provides for enhanced punishments for those offenders who have three prior convictions for violent felonies or serious drug offenses. 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1). A violent felony is defined by the statute as any crime punishable by more than one year imprisonment that

(i) has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another; or (ii) is burglary, arson, or extortion, involves use of explosives, or otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another;

18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B). In Johnson, the Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of the residual clause of ACCA's violent felony definition, which defines a violent felony to include one which "otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another." 135 S.Ct. 2557. The Court held that the residual clause is unconstitutionally vague and that to increase a defendant's sentence under that clause denies the defendant due process of law. Id at 2557. In Welch v. United States, the Supreme Court held that Johnson announced a substantive rule that applies retroactively on collateral review. 136 S.Ct. 1257 (2016).

However, and in contrast to the ACCA, the Supreme Court has held that the United States Sentencing Guidelines are not subject to vagueness challenges under the Due Process Clause. Beckles v. United States, 137 S.Ct. 886, 894 (2017) ("Because they merely guide the district courts' discretion, the Guidelines are not amenable to a vagueness challenge."). Moreover, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals has recognized that a challenge to the application of the sentencing guidelines is generally not cognizable in a § 2255 proceeding. United States v. Foote, 784 F.3d 931, 931 (4th Cir. 2015), cert. denied 135 S.Ct. 2850 (2015) ("[B]y its terms, § 2255 does not allow for a court's consideration and correction of every alleged sentencing error."). A petitioner seeking relief under § 2255 must make one of four types of arguments:

[1] that the sentence was imposed in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States, or [2] that the court was without jurisdiction to impose such sentence, or [3] that the sentence was in excess of the maximum authorized by law, or [4] is otherwise subject to collateral attack. . . .

28 U.S.C. § 2255. If the alleged sentencing error is neither constitutional nor jurisdictional, the district court lacks authority to review it unless it is "a fundamental defect which inherently results in a complete miscarriage of justice." Davis v. United States, 417 U.S. 333 (1974).

Petitioner's challenge to the Sentencing Guidelines as being unconstitutionally void is without merit. Beckles, 137 S.Ct. 886. Additionally, petitioner does not allege, nor is there any indication in the record, of such a miscarriage of justice that would warrant collateral review of his sentence. Instead, it is axiomatic that "errors of guideline interpretation or application ordinarily fall short of a miscarriage of justice." United States v. Mikalajunas, 186 F.3d 490, 496 (4th Cir. 1999); see also United States v. Newbold, 791F.3d 455, 459 (4th Cir. 2015) ("a mistaken career offender designation is not cognizable on collateral review.").

Certificate of Appealability

Rule 11 of the Rules Governing Section 2255 Cases provides that "the district court must issue or deny a certificate of appealability when it enters a final order adverse to the applicant." A certificate of appealability shall not issue absent "a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right." 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). A petitioner satisfies this standard by demonstrating that reasonable jurists would find that an assessment of the constitutional claims is debatable and any dispositive procedural ruling dismissing such claims is also debatable. Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 336-38 (2003); Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000); Rose v. Lee, 252 F.3d 676, 683 (4th Cir. 2001). As reasonable jurists would not find this Court's dismissal of petitioner's § 2255 motion debatable, a certificate of appealability is DENIED.

CONCLUSION

Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, the government's motion to dismiss [DE 144] is GRANTED and petitioner's motion to vacate pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (DE 135] is DISMISSED. Petitioner's remaining motions [DE 131 & 133] are DENIED. A certificate of appealability is DENIED.

SO ORDERED.

Source:  Leagle

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