ROBERT J. CONRAD, Jr., District Judge.
The Grand Jury in this District returned a third-superseding bill of indictment that alleged Petitioner and his co-conspirators were active members in La Mara Salvatrucha, also known as MS-13, which was described as a gang composed primarily of immigrants or descendants from El Salvador that conducted criminal activity on a worldwide scale, including in North Carolina in Mecklenburg, Guilford, Wake, and Durham counties. The indictment provided extensive detail related to criminal conduct which involved participation in an ongoing RICO conspiracy that centered on drug distribution and robberies, and the use of threats and violence, including murder to protect the object of the conspiracy which was the accumulation of money, territory and power. (3:08-cr-00134, Doc. No. 623: Third Superseding Bill of Indictment). Of the seventy counts that were charged in the indictment, Petitioner was charged in five: one count of participation in the RICO conspiracy, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1962(d) (Count 1); one count of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute five kilograms or more of cocaine, and a detectable amount of marijuana, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(b)(1)(A) and 841(b)(1)(C) (Count 2); two counts of possession of marijuana with intent to distribute, and aiding and abetting the same, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 841(b)(1)(D) and 18 U.S.C. § 2 (Counts 33, 70); and one count of the use and carry of a firearm during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime and aiding and abetting the same, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c) and 2 (Count 34).
Petitioner elected to plead not guilty and after a ten day jury trial, Petitioner was convicted on all five counts, however as to Count 2 the jury expressly found that the conspiracy involved only the distribution of marijuana and not cocaine. (
On appeal, Petitioner challenged his conviction on the RICO conspiracy charge arguing that there was insufficient evidence to sustain the conviction. Petitioner next argued that the Court erred in empaneling an anonymous jury based on concerns that the safety of the jurors could be compromised. Petitioner also challenged the Court's finding that a "multiple conspiracy" instruction was unnecessary. Finally, Petitioner contended that the evidence was insufficient to support his convictions for the two counts of possession with intent to distribute marijuana and the charge of possession of a firearm during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime. Each of Petitioner's arguments were found to lack merit and his convictions and sentence was affirmed and he did not seek further review from the Supreme Court.
Pursuant to Rule 4(b) of the Rules Governing Section 2255 Proceedings, sentencing courts are directed to promptly examine motions to vacate, along with "any attached exhibits and the record of prior proceedings" in order to determine whether a petitioner is entitled to any relief. The Court has considered the record in this matter and applicable authority and concludes that this matter can be resolved without an evidentiary hearing.
The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees that in all criminal prosecutions, the accused has the right to the effective assistance of counsel to assist in his defense. U.S. Const. amend. VI. In order to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a petitioner must show that: (1) "counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness," and (2) the deficient performance was prejudicial the defense.
Petitioner "bears the burden of proving
In his § 2255 Motion to Vacate, Petitioner's in-house counsel, or "Power of Attorney" as he dubs it, argues generally that his appellate counsel was ineffective because he refused to serve Petitioner with all of the documents that are relevant to his criminal proceeding. (3:14-cv-00445, Doc. No. 1 at 15). Petitioner also complains that his deficient English speaking ability — his primary language is Spanish — has hindered his effort to pursue collateral relief and he should be entitled to all motions, orders and trial transcripts so that his Power of Attorney can mine through the record in an effort to find possible grounds for relief. Petitioner also contends that the RICO conviction was dismissed therefore all of the other convictions must be dismissed. (
First, Petitioner's challenge to his RICO conviction is plainly without merit. His trial conviction was affirmed on appeal. Second, Petitioner had the close assistance of counsel at trial and he had a court-appointed interpreter at every critical stage of the criminal proceedings therefore his contention that he cannot summon specific claims in his § 2255 motion rings hollow. Because Petitioner had an able interpreter, he had the benefit of being able to understand the trial proceedings and therefore make specific arguments regarding ineffective assistance of counsel.
Finally, although Petitioner contends that all of the court filings, including the trial transcripts are critical to his Power of Attorney's ability to present claims in this proceeding, it is Petitioner's responsibility to present specific claims for relief. While a petitioner who is indigent may be entitled to copies of court documents at government expense, he must first meet his burden of demonstrating that he has a particularized need for the documents.
For example, Petitioner presents a seemingly exhaustive list of claims which includes challenges to the indictment, confrontation clause issues, an erroneous contention that the RICO count was dismissed, and claims that his counsel was ineffective for failing to challenge drug quantities or present a forensic chemist at trial, and he was ineffective because he did not challenge hearsay or other inadmissible evidence. This is only a portion of the list; however each claim fails because it is merely conclusory and fails to alert this Court to any specific argument that could support relief. (
Petitioner next claims that his appellate counsel was ineffective because he failed to discuss possible issues for appeal. Specifically, Petitioner argues that after he received a copy of the appellate brief, Petitioner wrote to his counsel, Mr. Fischer, and requested that he include all of the sentencing objections in his argument on appeal. This claim will be dismissed for two reasons. First, it still only presents only a conclusory objection, and second, appellate counsel is entitled to the same deferential review as trial counsel.
The test for ineffective assistance of appellate counsel is the same as it is for trial counsel. Specifically, "[i]n order to establish a claim that appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to pursue a claim on direct appeal, the applicant must normally demonstrate (1) that his counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness in light of the prevailing professional norms, and (2) that there is a reasonably probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different."
Petitioner's claim fails because he cannot show that but for counsel's alleged errors he would have obtained a reversal on a particular sentencing objection. Put another way, Petitioner cannot carry his burden under
Petitioner also argues that appellate counsel should have raised a claim based on the Supreme Court's decision in
Next, Petitioner claims appellate counsel was ineffective because he did not argue for relief from his sentence because the § 924(c) charged in Count 34 was dismissed, however this count was not dismissed. (
Last, Petitioner renews his challenge to the application of the Guidelines contending that errors were made during sentencing because he received enhancements based on conduct not charged in his indictment. (
In conclusion, the Court finds that the evidence ably supported each of the sentencing enhancements and the Court therefore cannot find that appellate counsel was ineffective in declining to raise arguments which appear clearly at odds with the evidence. Moreover, Petitioner has not shown that he was unable to present arguments in this collateral proceeding in an effort to challenge his trial and appellate counsel when he participated in a ten-day trial with the assistance of an interpreter.
After having considered the record in this matter, the Court finds that Petitioner's claims in this collateral proceeding are without merit and the § 2255 Motion to Vacate will be dismissed.
The Clerk is respectfully directed to close this civil case.
DECISION BY COURT. This action having come before the Court on Motion and a decision having been rendered;
IT IS ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that Judgment is hereby entered in accordance with the Court's January 5, 2016 Order.