IRENAS, Senior District Judge:
This matter appears before the Court on Defendant's Motion to Dismiss the Complaint, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6).
The following facts are alleged in the Complaint. Defendant, The Medicines Company, ("Medco") employed Plaintiff, Monica DiTommaso, ("DiTommaso") as a salesperson from February 6, 2002, until on or about April 7, 2009. (Complaint ¶¶ 9-10) DiTommaso is a "Caucasian individual." (Id. at 9). During her employment, DiTommaso consistently achieved a high percentage of her sales goals, exceeding the minimum level of achievement required to receive sales commissions from Medco. (Id. at 11)
In 2006 and 2007, Reginald Davis ("Davis"), DiTommaso's manager and an "African-American individual", failed to increase DiTommaso's salary based on her race. Davis did provide salary increases to African-American employees, each of whom had lower sales figures than DiTommaso. (Id. at 13) DiTommaso registered a complaint of racial discrimination with Medco's human resources director, but no corrective action was taken. (Id. at 14)
In retaliation for DiTommaso's complaints, Davis reassigned several of DiTommaso's most profitable accounts to other, less qualified employees. (Id. at 15) Davis allowed similarly situated African-American employees to choose their assigned accounts. (Id. at 17) DiTommaso was also denied the opportunity to attend an industry conference, while certain African-American employees with less tenure than DiTommaso were allowed to attend. (Id. at 16) In further retaliation, Davis refused to intervene on behalf of DiTommaso with a customer who was making sexually-offensive comments, and refused to adjust working hours for DiTommaso while allowing such adjustments for similarly situated Africa-American employees. (Id. at 19) Davis also refused to reduce DiTommaso's sales quota without proper documentation from a customer, while lowering sales quotas of similarly situated Africa-American employees without such documentation. (Id. at 20)
Again, DiTommaso registered a complaint of racial discrimination, this time with Medco's area sales director, but no corrective action was taken. (Id. at 21). Further retaliation continued. In March 2009, Davis issued DiTommaso a negative review for failing to meet her sales quota, even though such failure was the result of Davis's racial discrimination and retaliatory acts. (Id. at 22) Davis did not issue negative reviews to similarly situated Africa-American employees, even if those employees that failed to meet their sales quotas. (Id.)
Medco terminated DiTommaso on April 7, 2009, due to poor sales performance. (Id. at 23) Medco did not terminate similarly situated Africa-American employees with sales performances inferior to DiTommaso. (Id. at 24)
DiTommaso filed her original complaint on April 13, 2010. Medco then filed this Motion to Dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) on June 22, 2010.
For the reasons explained herein, the Court will deny Defendant's Motion to Dismiss as to Counts I and II, and will grant the Motion as to Counts III and IV.
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) provides that a court may dismiss a complaint "for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted." In order to survive a motion to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), a complaint must allege facts that raise a right to relief above the speculative level. Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1965, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007); see also Fed.R.Civ.P. 8(a)(2). While a court must accept as true all allegations in the plaintiff's complaint, and view them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, Phillips v. County of Allegheny, 515 F.3d 224, 231 (3d Cir.2008), a court is not required to accept sweeping legal conclusions cast in the form of factual allegations, unwarranted inferences, or unsupported conclusions. Morse v. Lower Merion Sch. Dist., 132 F.3d 902, 906 (3d Cir. 1997). The complaint must state sufficient facts to show that the legal allegations are not simply possible, but plausible. Phillips, 515 F.3d at 234.
DiTommaso's claims under § 1981 are governed by the burden-shifting principles set forth by the Supreme Court:
Texas Dep't of Cmty. Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 252-53, 101 S.Ct. 1089, 67 L.Ed.2d 207 (1981) (citations omitted)(quoting McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973)).
The Third Circuit has adopted a modified McDonnell Douglas standard in reverse discrimination cases. Iadimarco v. Runyon, 190 F.3d 151, 163 (3d Cir.1999) To establish a prima face case of reverse discrimination, the plaintiff must present "sufficient evidence to allow a reasonable fact finder to conclude (given the totality of the circumstances) that the defendant treated plaintiff less favorably than others because of [his] race, color, religion, sex, or national origin." Id. (internal quotations and citations omitted)
However, as DiTommaso correctly observes, a plaintiff in an employment discrimination case does not have to plead facts in his complaint establishing a prima facie case. The Supreme Court held that "an employment discrimination plaintiff does not need to plead a prima facie case of discrimination. . .," in part because the McDonnell Douglas standard is an evidentiary standard, not a pleading standard. Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A., 534 U.S. 506, 510, 515, 122 S.Ct. 992, 152 L.Ed.2d 1 (2002). Therefore, a plaintiff claiming employment discrimination need only plead facts sufficient to meet the standard of Fed.R.Civ.P. 8(a). Thomas v. Independence Twp., 463 F.3d 285, 295 (3d Cir. 2006)("The marching orders of the Supreme Court in . . . Swierkiewicz are clear: the notice pleading standard of Rule 8(a) applies in all civil actions, unless otherwise specified in the Federal Rules or statutory law.").
After Swierkiewicz was decided, the Supreme Court's holding in Twombly altered the notice pleading standard.
In support of its present Motion, Medco asserts that DiTommaso has failed to plead sufficient facts to establish that Medco treated her less favorably than others because of her race. This argument fails.
DiTommaso has alleged sufficient facts to plausibly support the conclusion that Medco treated her less favorably than others because of her race. Specifically, DiTommaso alleges that Medco failed to provide her with salary increases while providing similarly situated African-American employees with salary increases. (Complaint ¶¶ 12-13) She also alleges that she was not permitted to attend a conference which similarly situated, less tenured
Because DiTommaso has plead sufficient facts to establish a plausible claim of reverse racial discrimination in violation of § 1981, the Court will deny Medco's Motion to Dismiss Count I of the Complaint.
To maintain a claim for retaliation § 1981, DiTommaso must establish a prima facie case by tendering evidence that "(1) [s]he engaged in protected activity, (2) [her] employer took an adverse employment action against [her], and (3) there was a causal connection between [her] participation in the protected activity and the adverse employment action." Estate of Oliva v. N.J., Dep't of Law & Pub. Safety, Div. of State Police, 604 F.3d 788, 798 (3d Cir.2010).
Again, DiTommaso need not prove each element of her prima facie claim, but must only plead facts that make the claim plausible. See supra p. 705. DiTommaso has alleged that she complained to her supervisors about racial discrimination. (Complaint ¶ 14) DiTommaso has also alleged that she was terminated from her job, as well as sufferred other retaliatory acts. (Id. at 15-20, 23) Finally, DiTommaso has alleged that she was terminated and otherwise retaliated against because she made these complaints, and points to the fact that other employees whose performance was inferior to hers were not so terminated or were treated differently. (Id.)
These alleged facts, if proven true, could plausibly support the conclusion that Medco retaliated against DiTommaso because of complaining about racial discrimination.
Because DiTommaso has plead sufficient facts to establish a plausible claim of retaliation in violation of § 1981, the Court will deny Medco's Motion to Dismiss Count II of the Complaint.
DiTommaso has plead facts sufficient to maintain a cause of action against Medco as to Counts I and II. DiTommaso has withdrawn Count III and Count IV. The Court will deny Medco's Motion to Dismiss DiTommaso's Complaint as to Counts I and II and will grant the Motion as to Counts III and IV. The Court will issue an appropriate order.
This matter having appeared before the Court upon Defendants' Motion to Dismiss under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) (Dkt. No. 5), the Court having considered the submissions of the parties, for the reasons set forth in an Opinion issued by this Court on
Defendant's Motion to Dismiss is hereby