JEROME B. SIMANDLE, District Judge.
This matter involving alleged inadequate medical treatment for a federal prisoner is before the Court on Defendants' motion for summary judgment [Docket Item 81]. The principal issue to be determined is whether Plaintiff has exhausted his administrative remedies regarding his remaining claim for denial of a knee brace and walker, as required by the Prison Litigation Reform Act ("PLRA"), 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). As explained in today's Opinion, because the Court finds that Plaintiff did fail to exhaust his administrative remedies for the only claim still in active dispute, the Court will grant Defendants' motion.
Plaintiff, Angel Olivares, filed this lawsuit against the United States and four employees of the Bureau of Prisons in both their official and individual capacities based on Defendants' placement and transfer decisions regarding Mr. Olivares's incarceration as well as their alleged failure to provide adequate medical care. Mr. Olivares alleges that the individual defendants were negligent and deliberately indifferent to his medical needs when he was imprisoned at FCI Fort Dix from October 27, 2004 until he was transferred on March 21, 2006.
According to Mr. Olivares's Complaint, prior to his transfer to Fort Dix, he fell down and injured his left knee. (Compl. ¶¶ 8-12.) Mr. Olivares suffers from an illness known as osteogenesis imperfecta that complicates his medical care; the condition causes a group of disorders of bone formation and results in abnormally fragile bones. As a result of his fall, Plaintiff was suffering from a medial meniscus tear, a lateral meniscus tear, and chronic anterior cruciate ligament tear. (
On September 28, 2004, Mr. Olivares was sentenced for his conviction on federal charges, and, according to Mr. Olivares, the sentencing judge recommended that he be placed in a facility capable of treating his serious medical condition. (
At Fort Dix, Mr. Olivares maintains that he was not provided adequate care for his knee injury, and his transfer to a more suitable facility was unnecessarily and maliciously delayed. On January 5, 2006, Mr. Olivares's orthopedist recommended a specialized type of knee brace for his left knee, and noted that if problems persisted then he would need surgery. (Defs.' Statement of Undisputed Material Facts ¶ 26i.) Mr. Olivares's Complaint alleges that he did not receive the recommended brace or recommended surgery, and that his condition deteriorated to the point that his knee gave way on November 16, 2005, causing him to fall, fracture his left patella, and rupture his left quadriceps muscle. (
Mr. Olivares's Complaint claims that Defendants breached their common law duties and violated his Eighth Amendment rights in numerous ways: Defendant Phillips failed to initially place him in a facility capable of handling his needs (Compl. ¶¶ 82, 84-85, 96); Defendants collectively failed to inform proper authorities that his condition could not adequately be addressed at Fort Dix and did not immediately initiate medical transfer documents (Compl. ¶¶ 32, 63, 90); Defendants Patel, Sulayman and Iwaugwu denied him the recommended knee braces and the recommended knee surgery, the absence of which led to his fall in the institution dining hall on November 16, 2005 in which he suffered a fractured left patella and ruptured left quadricep muscle (Compl. ¶¶ 25-31, 65, 91, 95); Defendants Sulayman and Iwaugwu failed to provide plaintiff with a walker (Compl. ¶¶ 47, 66-67, 93); Defendant Sulayman improperly diagnosed him after his fall in the institution dining hall on November 16, 2005 (Compl. ¶¶ 38-54, 94); Defendants Patel, Sulayman and Iwuagwu failed to properly investigate his grievances regarding his medical care (Compl. ¶¶ 62, 97); and Defendants delayed his transfer to a federal medical center for seven months, in part because they misclassified the urgency of his need for transfer (Compl. ¶¶ 50, 68-73, 86-87, 98).
In the present motion, Defendants argue that they are entitled to summary judgment on both procedural and substantive grounds: they contend that Mr. Olivares's claims are foreclosed because he did not exhaust his administrative remedies; that the claims are barred by the relevant statute of limitations; that Mr. Olivares has failed to adduce the requisite evidence for his claims; and that Defendants are entitled to qualified immunity. For his part, Mr. Olivares only addresses the claims against Defendants Patel and Sulayman related to the specialized knee brace and walker. As explained in the following sections, because the Court finds that this sole remaining claim is foreclosed because Mr. Olivares did not exhaust his administrative remedies as to this claim, as required by the PLRA, the Court will grant summary judgment to Defendants without reaching the rest of Defendants' arguments.
Summary judgment is appropriate "if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). A fact is "material" only if it might affect the outcome of the suit under the applicable rule of law.
Mr. Olivares's opposition to Defendants' motion discusses only the conduct of Defendants Patel and Sulayman. Mr. Olivares makes no reference to Defendants Phillips or Iwuagwu, or the adequacy of the claims based on the initial assignment to FCI Fort Dix, the initiation and delay in transfer, or any other claim except the provision of a knee brace or walker. Thus, Mr. Olivares implicitly concedes that summary judgment as to all Defendants and claims is warranted, except for summary judgment as to Defendants Patel and Sulayman related to the denial of a knee brace and walker.
In addition to Mr. Olivares's abandonment of these claims, the Court independently finds that summary judgment is appropriate as to all claims against Defendants Phillips and Iwuagwu, and as to the claims other than those brought against Defendants Patel and Sulayman based on the failure to provide a knee brace or walker. Mr. Olivares admits that Defendant Phillips played no role in any action discussed in the Complaint other than to have supervised people who made the designation decision. (Defs.' Statement of Material Facts ¶ 55.) Similarly, Mr. Olivares admits that other than being a supervisor, Defendant Iwuagwu played no role in patient care decisions, and there does not appear to be any evidence that he took (or refused to take) any action relevant to the case other than investigating Mr. Olivares's grievance. (
The only issue still in contention is whether Mr. Olivares has adduced sufficient evidence to support a claim against Defendants Patel and Sulayman with respect to the failure to provide him a knee brace, and with respect to Defendant Sulayman with respect to the provision of a walker.
Defendants contend that Mr. Olivares only exhausted his administrative remedies as to his claims related to transfer for surgery, and so the rest of his claims — including those related to the knee brace and walker — must be dismissed pursuant to the Prison Litigation Reform Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a) ("No action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions under section 1983, or any other Federal law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted."). See Nyhuis v. Reno, 204 F.3d 65, 68 (3d Cir. 2000) (holding that § 1997e applies to Bivens actions). The dispute on this issue is how to construe the scope of Mr. Olivares's grievance.
Whether a prisoner properly exhausted a claim is a determination made by evaluating compliance with the prison's specific grievance procedures. Drippe v. Tobelinski, 604 F.3d 778, 781 (3d Cir. 2010). In particular, "[t]he level of detail necessary in a grievance to comply with the grievance procedures will vary from system to system and claim to claim, but it is the prison's requirements and not the PLRA, that define the boundaries of proper exhaustion." Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 218 (2007). The BOP's administrative remedy procedure is addressed in 28 C.F.R. § 542.1 and Program Statement 1330.13. Under that procedure, an inmate has not exhausted his available remedies until he has properly filed a complaint at all three levels and been denied at all three levels.
Neither the federal regulations nor the 14-page program statement outlining the BOP administrative remedy procedures offer guidance as to the specificity of grievance claims, and contain no rules analogous to Rule 8, Fed. R. Civ. P. The closest they come to discussing specificity is § 542.14(c)(2), which requires: "The inmate shall place a single complaint or a reasonable number of closely related issues on the form."
The Third Circuit Court of Appeals has not yet articulated the standard of factual specificity required when a prison's grievance procedures do not specify the requisite level of detail. However, the Second, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Ninth, and Tenth Circuits Courts of Appeals have all adopted the standard that, in the absence of more specific procedures, "a grievance suffices if it alerts the prison to the nature of the wrong for which redress is sought."
The question is therefore is whether Mr. Olivares's grievance alerted the prison to the nature of the wrong underlying his claim related to the alleged refusal to provide him with a knee brace and walker.
The parties agree that Case No. 389820 is the only administrative grievance filed by Mr. Olivares that was completely exhausted. This grievance was filed on September 15, 2005. (Moran Decl. Ex. 1 at 1.) The initial request for an administrative remedy stated, "This request has to do with the present status, of the medical attention that is needed. For the past twenty three (23) months I have been trying to obtain the proper medical attention for an injury that I sustained while under the custody of the B.O.P." (Moran Decl. Ex. 1 at 1.) Mr. Olivares relates that he has been trying to receive care for his left knee injury, and that although he has received extensive diagnosis and recommendations for therapy, he has not received the appropriate treatment. He states that he has been recommended for transfer to a medical center, which has not yet occurred. The relief he seeks in the initial request is for furlough transfer to obtain necessary medical care. The document closes by noting that "prolonging such surgery would be considered cruel and unusual punishment and even deliberate indifference." (Moran Decl. Ex. 1 at 2.)
Warden John Nash's October 24, 2005 response rejects the relief proposed by Mr. Olivares because "[a] review of your medical records indicates that you have been seen on numerous occasions by Physicians, Mid-Level Practitioners and Specialist and treated adequately. Furthermore, you have been approved for redesignation to FMC Devens and are waiting for bed space." (Moran Decl. Ex. 2, at 1.) Warden Nash added, "You are advised to report to Health Services Staff during sick call triage if you feel your right knee is being damaged, for an evaluation and treatment, as necessary." (Moran Decl. Ex. 2, at 1.)
On November 11, 2005, Mr. Olivares appealed the Warden's decision, complaining that due to the staff's failure to treat his left knee issue he has sustained damage to his right knee, and reiterating that he has not received proper treatment. He then proposes that he be furloughed or temporarily released to acquire care at his own expense, or that his transfer be expedited. This appeal was denied on the same grounds as the Warden's denial, finding that "Medical staff advise you are receiving appropriate medical treatment." (Moran Decl. Ex. 4 at 1.)
Mr. Olivares's final appeal to the Central Office dated January 24, 2006 reiterated that "[t]he purpose for such appeal is due to the continuous delay in receiving the needed surgeries and therapy for both of my knees." (Moran Decl., Ex. 5 at 1.) He notes that his numerous requests for treatment have been ignored, and that as a result he sustained a fall in the cafeteria causing him serious injury. He writes, "This injury could have been avoided if the Bureau of Prisons would have gotten my surgery done (24) months ago." (Moran Decl., Ex. 5 at 2.) The Central Office denied the appeal because the recommended surgery was classed as elective, and therefore the transfer did not take priority over more serious medical problems. (Moran Decl., Ex. 6.)
Mr. Olivares's grievance did not sufficiently alert prison officials to his claim that he should have gotten a brace or walker. It is true, as Mr. Olivares now contends, that he made it clear that he was not receiving the care and treatment he felt he needed, as recommended by his doctors. But his grievance identifies the relevant care as transfer and surgery, and did not mention any particular care he sought but did not obtain at Fort Dix, undermining any inference that there was some wrong that could be remedied inside the walls of that prison. It is unreasonable to expect prison officials to have read his grievance to refer both to the denial of surgery and transfer, upon which the submissions focus, as well as an unmentioned, implicit complaint that Mr. Olivares's cane was insufficient and that he needed a knee brace or walker that had been requested and denied.
The point of the grievance is to alert prison officials to a problem, so they have an opportunity to correct it. Jones, 549 U.S. at 218;
Because the sole claim that Mr. Olivares still contests was never brought to the attention of prison officials through the grievance process, the Prison Litigation Reform Act requires this Court to grant Defendants' motion. The accompanying Order will be entered.