NOEL L. HILLMAN, District Judge.
This matter concerns claims by Plaintiff, on behalf of herself and other similarly situated parties, against a collection agency for its efforts to collect a debt. Presently before the Court is the motion of Defendant to compel arbitration of Plaintiff's claims. For the reasons expressed below, Defendant's motion will be granted.
On November 10, 2015, Plaintiff, Meghan Doyle, and Rapid Cash entered into an agreement for an unsecured high interest
On March 17, 2017, Plaintiff sent a letter to Ad Astra disputing the debt. Plaintiff's letter referenced account number ****899 and asked for a breakdown of the balance allegedly owed by her. Plaintiff maintains that because Ad Astra has failed to report the debt as disputed, Ad Astra has violated various provisions of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act ("FDCPA"), 15 U.S.C. § 1692 et seq.
Plaintiff has filed a putative class action complaint against Ad Astra seeking damages, as well as declaratory and injunctive relief, arising from its alleged FDCPA violation, which prohibits debt collectors from engaging in abusive, deceptive and unfair practices. More specifically, Plaintiff alleges that Ad Astra violated §§ 1692e(8) and 1692e(10) of the FDCPA by communicating or threatening to communicate to any person credit information which is known or which should be known to be false, including the failure to communicate that a debt is disputed, and using false, deceptive or misleading representations or means in connection with its collection efforts.
Ad Astra has moved to dismiss pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) and to compel arbitration pursuant to the "Rapid Cash Unsecured High Interest Installment Loan Agreement and Disclosure Statement." Plaintiff has opposed Ad Astra's motion, arguing that the motion should be denied because the agreement does not apply to Plaintiff's FDCPA claims. Plaintiff's argument is premised on assigned "special meanings" and specific definitions stated in the agreement, as well as language in the arbitration and class action waivers that she contends is conflicting. Plaintiff also argues that the entire agreement is invalid and unenforceable.
Plaintiff brings this action for damages and declaratory relief arising from the Defendant's violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1692 et seq., the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. This Court has jurisdiction over this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331.
In those cases in which a motion to compel arbitration can be decided without evidence, the Court will apply the familiar Rule 12(b)(6) standard to the face of the pleadings.
Here, even though Plaintiff's complaint does not attach the agreement that contains the arbitration provision at issue, the Court may consider it because Plaintiff's claims derive from the agreement, which Plaintiff entered into with Rapid Cash and which refers to Ad Astra as a "related party."
The Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) provides that a written arbitration provision contained in a "contract evidencing a transaction involving commerce . . . shall be valid, irrevocable and enforceable, save upon such grounds as exist at law or in equity for the revocation of any contract." 9 U.S.C. § 2. Under the FAA, a private arbitration agreement is enforceable if (1) a valid arbitration agreement exists between the parties and (2) the dispute before it falls within the scope of the agreement.
Additionally, arbitration agreements that contain waivers of class actions are valid,
The Court's analysis of whether Plaintiff's claims must be arbitrated starts with the terms of the agreement. The "Rapid Cash Unsecured High Interest Installment Loan Agreement and Disclosure Statement" (see Docket No. 6-3) provides in relevant part:
Definitions: Certain words used in this Agreement have special meanings. . . . The words "you" and "your" means the person(s) signing this Agreement as Customer. The words "we", "us" and "our" mean the Lender/Creditor identified above.
The Pre-Dispute Resolution Procedure, Arbitration Provision and Jury Trial Waiver set forth below govern "Claims" you assert against us or any "related party" of ours and "Claims" we or any related party assert against you.
For purposes of this Agreement, our "related parties" include all parent companies, subsidiaries and affiliates of ours (including Ad Astra Recovery Services, Inc.), and our and their employees, directors, officers, shareholders, governors, managers and members.
The term "Claim" means any claim, dispute or controversy between you and us (or our related parties) that arises from or relates in any way to this Agreement or any services you request or we provide under this Agreement ("Services"); any of our marketing, advertising, solicitations and conduct relating to your request for Services; our collection of any amounts you owe; or our disclosure of or failure to protect any information about you. "Claim" is to be given the broadest possible meaning and includes claims of every kind and nature, including but not limited to, initial claims, counterclaims, cross-claims and third-party claims, and claims based on any constitution, statute, regulation, ordinance, common law rule (including rules relating to contracts, negligence, fraud or other intentional wrongs) and equity. It includes disputes that seek relief of any type, including damages and/or injunctive, declaratory or other equitable relief.
IF YOU DON'T REJECT THIS ARBITRATION PROVISION IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION I BELOW, UNLESS PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IT WILL HAVE A SUBSTANTIAL IMPACT ON THE WAY IN WHICH YOU OR WE RESOLVE ANY CLAIM.
Unless prohibited by applicable law and unless you reject the Arbitration Provision in accordance with Section 1 below, you and we agree that either party may elect to require arbitration of any Claim under the following terms and conditions:
. . .
NO CLASS ACTIONS OR SIMILAR PROCEEDINGS; SPECIAL FEATURES OF ARBITRATION. IF YOU OR WE ELECT TO ARBITRATE A CLAIM, NEITHER YOU NOR WE WILL HAVE THE RIGHT TO: (A) HAVE A COURT OR A JURY DECIDE THE CLAIM; (B) OBTAIN INFORMATION PRIOR TO THE HEARING TO THE SAME EXTENT THAT YOU OR WE COULD IN COURT; (C) PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS ACTION IN COURT OR IN ARBITRATION, EITHER AS A CLASS REPRESENTATIVE, CLASS MEMBER OR CLASS OPPONENT. . . .
YOU AND WE ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IS A CONSITUTIONAL RIGHT, BUT THAT IT MAY BE WAIVED UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES. TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, YOU AND WE AFTER HAVING HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO CONSULT WITH COUNSEL, KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY, AND FOR THE MUTUAL BENEFIT OF ALL PARTIES, WAIVE ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN TH EVENT OF LITIGATION ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT. THIS JURY TRIAL WAIVER SHALL NOT AFFECT OR BE INTERPRETED AS MODIFYING ANY FASHION ANY SEPARATE ARBITRATION PROVISION BETWEEN YOU AND US, WHICH CONTAINS ITS OWN SEPARATE JURY TRIAL WAIVER
(Docket No. 6-3; emphasis in original.)
Ad Astra argues that the agreement clearly calls for the arbitration of Plaintiff's claims against it.
Plaintiff rejects Ad Astra's construction of the agreement. Plaintiff points to the "Terms and Conditions" section, which defines certain words: "Definitions: Certain words used in this Agreement have special meanings. . . . The words `you' and `your' means the person(s) signing this Agreement as Customer. The words `we,' `us' and `our' mean the Lender/Creditor identified above." Plaintiff then points to the "Important Notices" provision, which only refers to the various waivers as to "us" — i.e., Rapid Cash — and not as to any "related party." Plaintiff also points to the "Claims" provision, which in reference to claims arising from collection efforts, the provision only refers to "our" collection efforts, and not a related party's collection efforts. Plaintiff argues that because Ad Astra is not included in the definition of "us" or "our," the provisions cited fail to indicate that they apply Ad Astra.
Plaintiff further argues that the arbitration provision is not applicable to Plaintiff's FDCPA claims against Ad Astra because Plaintiff makes no claims against Rapid Cash and takes no issue with Rapid Cash's collection efforts. Instead, Plaintiff argues that it is Ad Astra's independent failure to communicate Plaintiff's obligation as disputed, which has nothing to do with the agreement, or with Rapid Cash. Plaintiff sums up its opposition to Ad Astra's motion by arguing that the entire agreement is unenforceable as to Plaintiff's claims against Ad Astra because it does not inform Plaintiff that she is waiving her right to bring a claim for statutory damages pursuant to the FDCPA against Ad Astra — it only provides such a waiver as to Rapid Cash.
The Court finds that contrary to Plaintiff's arguments, the agreement covers Plaintiff's FDCPA claims against Ad Astra. The agreement is clear that: (1) "the Pre-Dispute Resolution Procedure, Arbitration Provision and Jury Trial Waiver set forth below govern `Claims' you assert against us or any `related party' of ours"; (2) Plaintiff's claims constitute a "dispute or controversy between you and us (or our related parties) that arises from or relates in any way to this Agreement"; (3) the term "claim" is to be given its broadest meaning and includes claims of every kind and nature; and (4) Ad Astra is specifically named as a "related party" to Rapid Cash. In plain language, the arbitration provision governs a dispute of any kind between Plaintiff and related-party Ad Astra arising out of Plaintiff's defaulted loan, if arbitration is elected by either party, and if Plaintiff does not follow the rejection of arbitration procedure.
Plaintiff's position — that the absence of reference to the "related party" in the "important terms" and "our collection efforts" provisions precludes the application of the arbitration provision — would require that in order for the arbitration provision in the agreement to be valid for her claims against Ad Astra, every time the words "we," "us" and "our" are used in the agreement, the term "or related party" must also be used. This argument would add unnecessary words to the agreement, distorting its otherwise plain meaning, and is therefore untenable.
First, many of the provisions in the agreement do not require reference to "related party" as they only apply to Rapid Cash's customer relations with Plaintiff. Examples of those provisions relate to method of payments, dishonored payments, telephone call monitoring, privacy policies, and communication methods. It only makes sense to include "or related party" in the arbitration of claims section. The Court does not find the reference to "us" — and not to "us and our related parties" — in the "Important notices" section of the agreement to be persuasive as to the unforceability of the arbitration provision.
Second, the "our collection efforts" phrase in the definition of "claim" is separate from the provision that implicates the arbitration procedure for Plaintiff's claims against Ad Astra.
(Docket No. 6-3 at 8.) Broken down, this provision provides four meanings for the term "Claim":
Thus, it is not the third meaning of "claim" that governs Plaintiff's claims here, but rather the first meaning.
In short, the agreement clearly intends, and fully explains to the borrower, that any claims that arise from the agreement against Rapid Cash or its related party Ad Astra can be subject to arbitration. The enforcement of the arbitration provision does not eliminate Plaintiff's FDCPA claim against Ad Astra — it simply changes the forum for its resolution and prevents her from pursuing a class action. Plaintiff had options if she wished to preserve a potential FDCPA class action that could arise from the type of loan she took out with Rapid Cash. She could have found a lender whose agreement did not contain similar language as Rapid Cash's, or she could have followed the procedures to reject the arbitration provision. Because Plaintiff chose neither of those options, she is bound by the terms of the agreement, including the requirement to arbitrate her claims against Ad Astra.
Consequently, Plaintiff's complaint must be dismissed in favor of arbitration.
For the reasons expressed above, Defendant's motion to dismiss Plaintiff's claims and to compel arbitration will be granted. An appropriate Order will be entered.