LAURA FASHING, Magistrate Judge.
THIS MATTER comes before the Court on plaintiff Cerina Armijo's Motion to Reverse and Remand for Rehearing, with Supporting Memorandum (Doc. 18), which was fully briefed on June 16, 2017. See Docs. 20, 21, 22. The parties consented to my entering final judgment in this case. Docs. 4, 7, 8. Having meticulously reviewed the entire record and being fully advised in the premises, I find that the Administrative Law Judge ("ALJ") failed to provide adequate narrative analysis to support the mental residual functional capacity ("RFC") he assessed. In particular, the ALJ failed to explain how he addressed the moderate to marked impairment in Ms. Armijo's relationships with coworkers and supervisors assessed by Dr. Robert Krueger. I therefore GRANT Ms. Armijo's motion and remand this case to the Commissioner for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
The standard of review in a Social Security appeal is whether the Commissioner's final decision
"Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion." Langley, 373 F.3d at 1118. A decision "is not based on substantial evidence if it is overwhelmed by other evidence in the record or if there is a mere scintilla of evidence supporting it." Id. While the Court may not reweigh the evidence or try the issues de novo, its examination of the record as a whole must include "anything that may undercut or detract from the ALJ's findings in order to determine if the substantiality test has been met." Grogan v. Barnhart, 399 F.3d 1257, 1262 (10th Cir. 2005). "`The possibility of drawing two inconsistent conclusions from the evidence does not prevent [the] findings from being supported by substantial evidence.'" Lax v. Astrue, 489 F.3d 1080, 1084 (10th Cir. 2007) (quoting Zoltanski v. F.A.A., 372 F.3d 1195, 1200 (10th Cir. 2004)).
To qualify for disability benefits, a claimant must establish that he or she is unable "to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months." 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A); 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1505(a), 416.905(a).
When considering a disability application, the Commissioner is required to use a five-step sequential evaluation process. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920; Bowen v. Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 140 (1987). At the first four steps of the evaluation process, the claimant must show: (1) the claimant is not engaged in "substantial gainful activity;" (2) the claimant has a "severe medically determinable . . . impairment . . . or a combination of impairments" that has lasted or is expected to last for at least one year; and (3) the impairment(s) either meet or equal one of the Listings
Ms. Armijo was born in 1966 and completed four years of college coursework, but did not earn a degree. AR 45, 196, 247.
At step one, the ALJ found that Ms. Armijo had not engaged in substantial, gainful activity since February 16, 2011, her alleged onset date. AR 22. At step two, the ALJ found that Ms. Armijo suffered from the following severe impairments: "fibromyalgia (myalgia and myositis) with fatigue/malaise, history of seizure-like activity, headaches, depression/Bipolar NOS, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)." Id. At step three, the ALJ found that none of Ms. Armijo's impairments, alone or in combination, met or medically equaled a Listing. AR 23-25. Because the ALJ found that none of the impairments met a Listing, the ALJ assessed Ms. Armijo's RFC. AR 25-29. The ALJ found Ms. Armijo had the RFC to
AR 25.
At step four, the ALJ concluded that Ms. Armijo was unable to perform her past relevant work as a secretary or waitress. AR 30. The ALJ found Ms. Armijo not disabled at step five because she could perform jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national economy—such as cleaner/housekeeper, electronics worker, "egg processor," and "cuff folder." AR 31. On April 13, 2015, Ms. Armijo requested review of the ALJ's unfavorable decision by the Appeals Council. AR 15-16. On July 11, 2016, the Appeals Council denied the request for review. AR 1-6. Ms. Armijo timely filed her appeal to this Court on September 7, 2016. Doc. 1.
Ms. Armijo raises two arguments for reversing and remanding this case: (1) the ALJ failed to address all of the moderate and marked limitations noted in the opinion of state agency medical consultant Dr. Robert Krueger; (2) the ALJ failed to address the limitations noted in the opinion of state agency medical consultant Dr. Michael Gzaskow. Because I remand based on the ALJ's failure to properly analyze the opinions of Dr. Krueger, I do not address the other alleged error, which "may be affected by the ALJ's treatment of this case on remand." Watkins v. Barnhart, 350 F.3d 1297, 1299 (10th Cir. 2003).
Ms. Armijo argues that the ALJ committed legal error by failing to provide an evidentiary basis for his mental RFC determination. Doc. 18 at 16. Specifically, she argues that the ALJ "failed to give the required narrative explanation for why he rejected Dr. Krueger's assessment for a marked to moderate impairment in relationships with coworkers and supervisors." Id. at 14. The Commissioner argues that it was sufficient for the ALJ to account for "most" of the moderate and marked limitations in Dr. Krueger's opinion, and that the RFC is adequate because it closely parallels the limitations in Dr. Krueger's opinion. Doc. 20 at 9-10. For the reasons outlined below, the Court finds that the ALJ failed to explain how the evidence supports the RFC with regard to Ms. Armijo's ability to interact with coworkers and supervisors. The Court remands so that the ALJ can provide the required narrative analysis.
20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545(c), 416.945(c); see also SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *6 ("Work-related mental activities generally required by competitive, remunerative work include the abilities to: understand, carry out, and remember instructions; use judgment in making work-related decisions; respond appropriately to supervision, co-workers and work situations; and deal with changes in a routine work setting.").
In formulating the RFC, an ALJ must perform a function-by-function assessment of these work-related functions, considering all of the relevant evidence in the case record. SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at*2. The Tenth Circuit has held that where a claimant is found to have more than mild mental limitations in work-related functions, the ALJ must "express those impairments `in terms of work-related functions' or `[w]ork-related mental activities.'" Jaramillo v. Colvin, 576 F. App'x 870, 876 (10th Cir. 2004) (unpublished) (quoting SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *6).
SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at*7. "If the RFC assessment conflicts with an opinion from a medical source, the adjudicator must explain why the opinion was not adopted." Id. If the ALJ's reasons for the decision are not articulated with sufficient particularity to allow for judicial review, the court cannot affirm the decision as legally correct. Clifton v. Chater, 79 F.3d 1007, 1009 (10th Cir. 1996). As a baseline, the ALJ must support his or her findings with specific weighing of the evidence, and "the record must demonstrate that the ALJ considered all of the evidence." Id. at 1009-10. This does not mean that an ALJ must discuss every piece of evidence in the record. But it does require that the ALJ identify the evidence supporting the decision and discuss any probative and contradictory evidence that the ALJ is rejecting. Id. at 1010.
In this case, the ALJ failed to sufficiently tie the RFC findings to the evidence of record. The ALJ did not include an adequate narrative discussion citing medical and nonmedical evidence to support his mental RFC findings. Because the ALJ failed to draw these connections, the Court cannot meaningfully review the ALJ's decision, and remand is required.
State agency psychological consultant Dr. Robert Krueger assessed numerous moderate and marked impairments in Ms. Armijo's ability to do work-related activities:
AR 588. The ALJ never mentioned the specific limitations in Dr. Krueger's opinion. The ALJ stated only that he gave Dr. Krueger's opinion "significant weight . . . even though [it does] not find the claimant as limited as the residual functional capacity statement above." AR 29.
The ALJ failed to provide the narrative discussion required by SSR 96-8p. The ALJ summarized Ms. Armijo's mental health treatment records:
AR 27. Then, with no narrative discussion, and no analytical link to these records or other evidence of record, the ALJ concluded that:
Id. The Court is left to guess at how the ALJ arrived at the mental limitations in Ms. Armijo's RFC. This is contrary to SSR 96-8p's requirement of a narrative analysis and Clifton's requirement that the ALJ identify evidence supporting and contradicting the decision. See also Tomberlin v. Astrue, No. 07-2592-KHV, 2009 WL 126158, at *14 (D. Kan. Jan. 16, 2009) (unpublished) (remanding where "ALJ summarized the evidence upon which he based his RFC assessment and stated his conclusion regarding mental RFC," but "failed to cite specific medical facts to describe how the evidence supports each mental RFC conclusion").
Ms. Armijo focuses her motion on the ALJ's failure to adequately explain why he "rejected" Dr. Krueger's assessment of a moderate to marked impairment in her relationships with coworkers and supervisors. Doc. 18 at 11-16. She argues that the ALJ's RFC finding that she can have "
Despite the ALJ's lack of a narrative discussion describing how the evidence supports each conclusion, the Commissioner urges the Court to find that the RFC "adequately accommodates Dr. Krueger's opined limitations." Doc. 20 at 10. The Commissioner's arguments, however, are not persuasive. The Commissioner's claim that the RFC accounts for "
The Commissioner next argues that the ALJ, not the doctor, is charged with determining a claimant's RFC, and that because the ALJ gave Dr. Krueger's opinion "significant" rather than "controlling" weight, the ALJ was not "required to adopt all contours of the opinion." Doc. 20 at 10 (quoting Howard v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 945, 949 (10th Cir. 2004)). While it is true that the ALJ is charged with determining a claimant's RFC from the medical records, 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d)(2), 416.927(d)(2) (both effective Aug. 24, 2012 through March 26, 2017), Haga requires the ALJ to provide an adequate explanation for the moderate and marked limitations he did not include in Ms. Armijo's RFC.
The Commissioner suggests that this case is similar to Oceguera, in which the Tenth Circuit found that the RFC was adequately linked to evidence in the record when it "paralellel[ed] limitations" set forth by an examining psychologist. Doc. 20 at 10 (citing Oceguera v. Colvin, 658 F. App'x 370, 374 (10th Cir. 2016) (unpublished)). I disagree. In Oceguera, the court stated that it could "easily see the parallels between [the psychological consultant's] assessment and the RFC." Oceguera, 658 F. App'x at 374. In addition, the claimant in Oceguera "did not point [the Court] to any other way in which her impairments were not reflected in the RFC finding." Id. In Ms. Armijo's case, however, the Court does not "easily see the parallels" between the moderate to marked impairment in Ms. Armijo's relationships with coworkers and supervisors, and the ALJ's RFC finding that she could have occasional contact with coworkers and supervisors, particularly when the moderate to marked impairment in Ms. Armijo's relationship with the general public resulted in an RFC finding that she have no to minimal contact with the public.
Ms. Armijo also points to additional record evidence documenting her difficulties with relationships with coworkers and supervisors: (1) She testified that she was fired for becoming "agitated at work with other employees" (AR 47); (2) the ALJ noted that Ms. Armjio's records documented "mood swings, severe anger problems, explosive anger outbursts, [and being] violent prone at times" (AR 54); (3) Ms. Armijo testified that she had "problems with management and . . . supervisors" in her past jobs (AR 55); (4) Ms. Armijo testified that she gets "angry at the snap of a finger" (AR 57); (5) state agency examining consultant Dr. Michael Gzaskow found that she has "a difficult time relating to others based on her PTSD issues with agoraphobia and hypervigilance" (AR 625). Doc. 18 at 6, 15.
The Commissioner suggests that the fact that the ALJ limited Ms. Armijo to simple or unskilled work adequately accounts for the limitations in Dr. Krueger's opinion. Doc. 20 at 9. The Commissioner claims that the ALJ's RFC closely parallels the limitations in Dr. Krueger's opinion, but like the ALJ, provides no narrative explanation about how the RFC addresses each of the noted mental limitations. See id. at 9-10. The Commissioner does not point to any case law indicating that a moderate to marked limitation in relationships with coworkers and supervisors can be addressed by a limitation to "unskilled work." "A limitation to `simple work' or `unskilled jobs' is generally insufficient to address a claimant's mental impairments." Groberg v. Astrue, 505 F. App'x 763, 770 (10th Cir. 2012) (unpublished) (citing Chapo v. Astrue, 682 F.3d 1285, 1290 n.3 (10th Cir. 2012) (a restriction to "simple work" is a vague catch-all term which is insufficient to adequately account for mental limitations)). "[A] moderate impairment is not the same as no impairment at all." Haga, 482 F.3d at 1208. Thus, "moderate limitations must be accounted for in the RFC finding." Jaramillo, 576 F. App'x at 876.
The ALJ erred by failing to support his RFC assessment with sufficient narrative analysis. The Court remands so that the ALJ can provide this analysis. The Court does not reach Ms. Armijo's other claimed error, as this "may be affected by the ALJ's treatment of this case on remand." Watkins, 350 F.3d at 1299.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Plaintiff's Motion to Reverse and Remand for a Rehearing (Doc. 18) is GRANTED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Commissioner's final decision is REVERSED, and this case is REMANDED for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.