WILLIAM F. KUNTZ II, District Judge.
Rosemary Hendry ("Plaintiff) brings this action against her former employer, the United States Postal Service ("USPS") ("Defendant"), by its postmaster general Patrick Donahoe,
Defendant is a federal agency and an employer within the meaning of Title VII, ADEA, and the ADA. Plaintiff, an African-American female who was over the age of forty at the time of the events giving rise to this action, was a sales and service associate with Defendant and had worked for Defendant since 1988. Decl. of Rosemary Hendry ("Pl.'s Decl."), at 13; Compl. at 3; Decl. of Scott R. Landau ("Landau Decl."), Ex. 1 (Pl.'s Dep. Tr.), at 48-49.
Over the course of Plaintiff's employment with Defendant, Plaintiff was repeatedly cited for absences and tardiness. From November 16, 2004 to December 13, 2007, Plaintiff received five separate disciplinary letters of warning or notices of suspension for failing to report for duty or being absent without leave ("AWOL"), as well as for being tardy. In each of these instances, Plaintiff missed at least eleven days of work, and sometimes as many as twenty-nine days of work, over a period of two or three months, and was up to 4.33 hours tardy for those shifts for which she appeared. Landau Decl., Exs. 3-6, 8, 10.
On February 28, 2008, after Plaintiff failed to report for duty or was AWOL on twenty-nine days over the course of two months, Defendant notified her that she would be removed from her position effective April 7, 2008. Landau Decl., Ex. 12. Plaintiff contested her removal, and, after negotiations, Plaintiff and Defendant signed a "Settlement Agreement — Last Chance Agreement" (the "2008 Last Chance Agreement") which affirmed that Plaintiffs removal was "just and proper" but nonetheless modified the removal to a 21-day suspension. Landau Decl., Ex. 13. The 2008 Last Chance Agreement offered Plaintiff "a final opportunity to demonstrate that she can adhere to the rules and regulations of the Postal Service," and provided that if she violated any of the terms and conditions of the agreement she would be removed from service. Landau Decl., Ex. 13. On August 22, 2008, Plaintiff received a second notice of removal, effective September 26, 2008, after accruing nine days of absences over a six-week period. Landau Decl., Ex. 14. Again, the removal was modified to a 21-day suspension. Landau Decl., Ex. 15.
On January 28, 2009, Defendant provided Plaintiff with a third notice of removal "for failure to follow instructions" and "failure to be regular in attendance," citing eighteen days on which Plaintiff had failed to report for duty as scheduled over a three-month period. Pl.'s Ex. CI. However, on March 12, 2009, Plaintiff and Defendant signed a second "Last Chance Settlement Agreement" (the "2009 Last Chance Agreement") which acknowledged that the notice of removal was "issued for just cause," but nonetheless modified the removal to a 28-day suspension. Pl.'s Ex. CI. The 2009 Last Chance Agreement provided Plaintiff with "a firm choice between rehabilitation and removal." Pl.'s Ex. CI. Plaintiff agreed "to abide by all postal rules, regulations and policies, including but not limited to adhering to her assigned schedule, being regular in attendance, following absence reporting procedures and obeying the instructions of her supervisor." Pl.'s Ex. CI. The agreement specified
On March 2, 2009, Plaintiff requested leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act ("FMLA") based on her cervical and lumbar dysfunction. Pl.'s Ex. C6; Pl.'s Decl., at ¶ 3. Plaintiff subsequently submitted Form WH-380-E, which was completed by a medical provider, indicating that her condition would likely last for the rest of her "lifetime" and that she would need FMLA leave for treatment about once or twice a month. Compl., Ex. C11 (Pl.'s Form WH-380-E). On April 3, 2009, Defendant approved Plaintiffs FMLA eligible status. Pl.'s Ex. C9. However, on August 18, 2009, after observing that several of Plaintiffs requests for FMLA leave between April and August 2009 "occurred in conjunction with a holiday and/or rest day," the FMLA Coordinator provided notice to Plaintiff that the "information provided by your health care provider does not explain the medical necessity for leave in conjunction with your days off." Pl.'s Ex. C16. The FMLA Coordinator stated Plaintiffs pattern of absences had cast doubt on the employee's stated reason for the absence and that Plaintiff was required to provide recertification by September 3, 2009, later extended to September 23, 2009. Pl.'s Exs. C16, C19. Plaintiff failed to meet the deadline to submit her recertification. Pl.'s Decl., at ¶ 25. As a result, Defendant found that Plaintiffs absences on September 11, 14, 21, 22, and 23 were not FMLA protected. Pl.'s Ex. C19.
On October 1, 2009, Plaintiff failed to report for duty at 2:30 p.m. because she had to receive treatment for her FMLA condition and procure documentation for her recertification. Pl.'s Decl., at ¶ 30. Plaintiff was attempting to obtain copies of her x-rays in order to convince her medical provider to recertify her condition. Pl.'s Dep. Tr. at 402-13. Plaintiff called Defendant's FMLA office to explain that she was having difficulty obtaining the recertification, and asked if they would call her supervisor to advise him she would be late that day. Id. at 413-14. Plaintiff did not want to call her supervisor because she "wasn't going to go through it with that man." Id. at 414. Plaintiff "was willing to work" but "was just late" because she was having trouble getting her recertification completed. Id. at 414. When the FMLA office indicated that they could not contact her supervisor, Plaintiff went to the FMLA office at her work "to show that [she] was willing to work that day." Id. at 415-18. Plaintiff saw her supervisor in the building but did not speak with him or tell him that she would not be working that day. Id. at 421-22. Plaintiff ultimately left and took the train home. Id. at 423.
After Plaintiff arrived home, she placed seven calls to Defendant's automated human resources system to report her need for an FMLA absence: one call at 4:11 p.m. and six calls between 9:57 p.m. and 11:31 p.m. Pl.'s Ex. C22. She placed three additional calls just after midnight the next day. Pl.'s Ex. C22. Plaintiff was absent on both October 1 and 2, followed by scheduled rest days on October 3 and 4. Pl.'s Decl., at ¶ 33. When she returned to work on October 5, she told her supervisor that she had experienced difficulties with the automated system and presented him with a note from her health care provider, dated October 1, 2009, which stated: "Ms. Hendry was here today for treatment today for a cervical spine condition" and that she was "unable to work because of her pain." Pl.'s Ex. C23; Pl.'s Decl., at ¶ 33. On October 8, 2009, Plaintiff provided a completed Form WH-380-E recertifying that she had an FMLA-eligible medical
On October 9, 2009, Plaintiff was provided with a "Notice of Removal," effective November 20, 2009, based on her October 1 absence. Pl.'s Ex. C28. Plaintiff challenged her removal through an internal grievance procedure held with her union representatives and Defendant, but her challenge was denied. Pl.'s Ex. CI; Landau Decl., Exs. 24-25. Plaintiffs employment with Defendant was terminated on November 20, 2009.
On November 23, 2009, Plaintiff contacted Defendant's Equal Employment Opportunity ("EEO") Counselor, alleging that Defendant had discriminated against her regarding a charge of AWOL on October 1, 2009. Compl. Ex. 1.1, at 2; Landau Decl., Ex. 26. Plaintiff filed a formal complaint of discrimination with Defendant on January 27, 2010, alleging that Defendant harassed her by "completing Retail Observation forms" on her, "threatening to fire her," "forcing her to repeat questions and upsell to customers," "scowling at her," "speaking `too rough and nasty' to her," "being unnecessarily mean," "picking fights," "twisting the truth," and "hollering and threatening her." Compl., Ex. 1.1, at 14-15 (dismissal of formal EEO complaint). The EEO Counselor found that Plaintiff failed to allege that she had "received any discipline or suffered a present harm or loss with respect to a term, condition, or privilege of employment," and that she had therefore not suffered any legal injury. Id. The EEO Counselor further found that the isolated incidents described by Plaintiff were not sufficient to create a hostile environment. Id. Plaintiffs formal complaint did not mention the October AWOL charges that had been raised in Plaintiffs counseling session, and this issue was therefore deemed abandoned. Compl., Ex. 1.1., at 14 n.2. Accordingly, Defendant dismissed Plaintiffs complaint. Compl., Ex. 1.1, at 16. Plaintiff appealed to the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which found that Plaintiffs complaint had been properly dismissed. Landau Decl., Exs. 32, 33. The Commission did not address Plaintiffs earlier allegation that the charge of AWOL had been discriminatory, finding that she had abandoned that issue on appeal. Compl., Ex. 1.1, at 3.
Plaintiff commenced this action on December 15, 2010. She alleges that she "was forced to sign a made up document called a last chance agreement," that her "FMLA was suddenly rescinded for bogus reasons," that her "supervisors in conjunction with [her] union worked against" her, and that several of her supervisors or colleagues harassed her. Compl. at 4.
A court "shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a). "The role of the court is not to resolve disputed issues of fact but to assess whether there are any factual issues to be tried. In determining whether summary judgment is appropriate, this Court will construe the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and must resolve all ambiguities and draw all reasonable inferences against the movant." Brod v. Omya, Inc., 653 F.3d 156, 164 (2d Cir.2011) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). No genuine issue of material fact exists "where the record taken as a whole could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the non-moving party." Lovejoy-Wilson v. NOCO Motor Fuel, Inc., 263 F.3d 208, 212 (2d
If the moving party satisfies this burden, the non-moving party must "make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of [each] element to that party's case... since a complete failure of proof concerning an essential element of the non-moving party's case necessarily renders all other facts immaterial." Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). Importantly, if the evidence produced by the non-moving party "is merely colorable, or is not significantly probative, summary judgment may be granted." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 249-50, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986) (internal citations omitted).
The Second Circuit has "emphasized that trial courts must be especially chary in handing out summary judgment in discrimination cases, because in such cases the employer's intent is ordinarily at issue." Chertkova v. Conn. Gen. Life Ins. Co., 92 F.3d 81, 87 (2d Cir.1996); see also Whidbee v. Garzarelli Food Specialties, Inc., 223 F.3d 62, 71 (2d Cir.2000). However, it is "beyond cavil that summary judgment may be appropriate even in the fact-intensive context of discrimination cases." Abdu-Brisson v. Delta Air Lines, 239 F.3d 456, 466 (2d Cir.2001). Therefore, "even in the discrimination context, a plaintiff must provide more than conclusory allegations of discrimination to defeat a motion for summary judgment." Schwapp v. Town of Avon, 118 F.3d 106, 110 (2d Cir.1997).
Before bringing an action in a district court for discrimination under Title VII, the ADEA, or the Rehabilitation Act, a federal employee must first exhaust available administrative remedies.
Because Plaintiff is pro se, this Court considers sua sponte whether her claims are sufficiently reasonably related to those raised before the EEOC. Id. However, even reading Plaintiffs pleadings before
Even setting aside Plaintiffs failure to exhaust her claims, this Court finds that all of Plaintiffs claims are meritless.
In evaluating discrimination claims brought under Title VII, the ADEA, and the Rehabilitation Act, courts in the Second Circuit apply the burden shifting analysis set forth in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973). See Bucalo v. Shelter Island Union Free Sch. Dist., 691 F.3d 119, 129 (2d Cir. 2012). Under McDonnell, the Plaintiff bears the initial burden of proving a prima facie case of discrimination by a preponderance of the evidence. McDonnell, 411 U.S. at 802, 93 S.Ct. 1817; Bucalo, 691 F.3d at 129. If the plaintiff establishes a prima facie case, the defendant may rebut the presumption of discrimination by coming forward with evidence supporting a legitimate, nondiscriminatory basis for its actions. McDonnell, 411 U.S. at 802, 93 S.Ct. 1817; Bucalo, 691 F.3d at 128-29. If the defendant meets this burden, the plaintiff must then show by a preponderance of the evidence that the reasons proffered by the defendant were merely pretext for discrimination. McDonnell, 411 U.S. at 804, 93 S.Ct. 1817; Bucalo, 691 F.3d at 129. The ultimate burden of persuasion "remains at all times with the plaintiff." Texas Dep't of Cmty. Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 253, 101 S.Ct. 1089, 67 L.Ed.2d 207 (1981).
In this case, Plaintiff cannot establish a prima facie case of discrimination under any of the three statutes. Although Plaintiff arguably meets several of the elements of a prima facie case — she is a member of a protected class;
Even if Plaintiff could establish a prima facie case of discrimination, the Court finds that the record is replete with undisputed evidence that Plaintiffs was frequently absent and tardy and that it was her own delinquency that led to her termination. The Court also finds it significant that Plaintiff has admitted that she was willing and able to work on October 1 but that she was running late because she was trying to get her recertification and that she thought it better to miss an entire day than to show up late. Pl.'s Dep. Tr. at 402-23; see also Compl., Ex. 1.1 at 37 (Decision of Arbitrator) (Ms. Hendry testified that "she would have worked on October 1, but she didn't expect to be running late, and the only way to save her job was to take the whole day off...."). Plaintiff having admitted that her absence was not due to any need for treatment based on her FMLA condition, it is clear that it was Plaintiffs own choices, and not any discrimination, that resulted in her termination.
To establish a hostile work environment claim, a plaintiff must demonstrate that "the workplace is permeated with discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult ... that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment." Harris v. Forklift Sys., Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 21, 114 S.Ct. 367, 126 L.Ed.2d 295 (1993) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted). Not all verbal or physical harassment is prohibited, but only that based on a protected characteristic like race, age, or sex. See Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., 523 U.S. 75, 80, 118 S.Ct. 998, 140 L.Ed.2d 201 (1998); see also Alfano, 294
Plaintiffs only allegations of harassment on appeal are that certain employees "threaten[ed] and holler[ed]" that they would terminate her and completed "excessive evaluations." Compl. at 4. Plaintiff also states that one individual was "abusive in many ways." Id. In addition, Plaintiff alleged before the EEO Counselor that Defendant harassed her by "completing Retail Observation forms" on her, "threatening to fire her," "forcing her to repeat questions and upsell to customers," "scowling at her," "speaking `too rough and nasty' to her," "being unnecessarily mean," "picking fights," "twisting the truth," and "hollering and threatening her." Compl., Ex. 1.1, at 14-15 (dismissal of formal EEO complaint).
Even viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to pro se Plaintiff and for the strongest arguments they suggest, Plaintiff has not stated a hostile environment claim. Plaintiff has not alleged that any of the actions or harassment of which she complains occurred because of any of her protected characteristics. To the contrary, Plaintiff repeatedly testified that these actions were not motivated by discrimination. Plaintiff explicitly testified that no one besides her supervisor treated her poorly because of her age, sex, or disability. Pl.'s Dep. Tr. at 96(age), 109 (disability), 345(sex). Plaintiff further stated that she and her supervisor "didn't get along for personal reasons," and that he was not nice to her because he thought she was "incompetent" and "nonproductive" and "did not kiss his butt." Pl.'s Dep. Tr. at 82, 97, 100-01. Under these circumstances, Plaintiff has not demonstrated that any of her claimed harassment was due to a protected characteristic, much less that it rose to a level that was severe or pervasive enough to create an objectively hostile work environment.
Construed generously, Plaintiff may have also brought a retaliation claim, apparently based on the argument that every time she called her union shop steward for assistance, Defendant "would come back with PDI's" and "removal papers." See Compl. at 3; Pl.'s Dep. Tr. at 165, 285-86. However, Plaintiff admits that her complaints to the union were generally about personal problems with individuals, being hollered at for no reason, being told she was incompetent, and similar issues. She does not allege that her complaints to the union were not based on discrimination, and thus these complaints do not qualify as a "protected activity" sufficient to state a claim for retaliation. See Malaney v. Elal Israel Airlines, 331 Fed.Appx. 772, 775 (2d Cir.2009).
For the reasons described above, this Court grants the motion for summary judgment in favor of Defendants and dismisses Plaintiffs complaint in its entirety with prejudice.