SANDRA J. FEUERSTEIN, District Judge.
On May 26, 2011, defendant Antonio Rivera ("Rivera") was convicted, upon a jury verdict, of one (1) count of conspiracy to commit sex trafficking by means of force, fraud and coercion in violation of, inter alia, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 1591(a), effective October 28, 2000 to December 22, 2008
Defendant John Whaley ("Whaley") was convicted, upon a jury verdict, of one (1) count of conspiracy to commit sex trafficking by means of force, fraud and coercion in violation of, inter alia, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 1591(a) (2000) (count one of the superceding indictment); one (1) count of conspiracy to commit sex trafficking in violation of, inter alia, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1594(c) and 1591(a) (2009) (count fourteen of the superceding indictment); one (1) count of conspiracy to commit forced labor in violation of, inter alia, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 1589 (2000) (count six of the superceding indictment); one (1) count of conspiracy to commit forced labor in violation of, inter alia, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1589(d) and 1594(b) (2009) (count seventeen of the superceding indictment); four (4) counts of forced labor in violation of, inter alia, 18 U.S.C. §1589 (2009) (counts eighteen through twenty-one of the superceding indictment); one (1) count of conspiracy to transport and harbor aliens in violation of, inter alia, 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1) (count twenty-two of the superceding indictment); five (5) counts of transportation of aliens within the United States in violation of, inter alia, 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1) (counts twenty-four through twenty-eight of the superceding indictment); and five (5) counts of alien harboring in violation of, inter alia, 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1) (counts thirty-one through thirty-five of the superceding indictment).
Defendant Jason Villaman ("Villaman") was convicted, upon a jury verdict, of one (1) count of conspiracy to commit sex trafficking by means of force, fraud and coercion in violation of inter alia, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 1591(a) (2000) (count one of the superceding indictment);two (2) counts of sex trafficking by means of force, fraud and coercion in violation of, inter alia, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1591(a) and (b)(1) (2000) (counts two and three of the superceding indictment);one (1) count of conspiracy to commit forced labor in violation of, inter alia, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 1589 (2000) (count six of the superceding indictment); two (2) counts of forced labor in violation of, inter alia, 18 U.S.C. § 1589 (2000) (counts seven and eight of the superceding indictment);one (1) count of conspiracy to transport and harbor aliens in violation of, inter alia, 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1) (count twenty-two of the superceding indictment); four (4) counts of transportation of aliens within the United States in violation of, inter alia, 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1) (counts twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-seven and twenty-nine of the superceding indictment); and five (5) counts of alien harboring in violation of, inter alia, 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1) (counts thirty, thirty-one and thirty-four through thirty-six of the superceding indictment).
Rivera and Whaley have not yet been sentenced upon their respective convictions. Nonetheless, both of them filed petitions seeking a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. By orders dated February 1, 2012, both petitions were dismissed without prejudice as premature. By mandate issued on November 27, 2012, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, inter alia, dismissed Rivera's appeal of the February 1, 2012 order "because [Rivera] may not bring a Section 2255 motion until he is `under sentence,'"
Whaley also moves pursuant to Rule 33 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure to set aside the jury verdict and for a new trial on the basis that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel at trial.
Rivera's claim that his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel, raised for the first time in his petition for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to Section 2255, was remanded to this Court with instructions to "consider, in the first instance, whether it is appropriate to inquire into the merits of the claim prior to judgment."
"[T]he proper procedural avenue for defendants who wish to raise ineffective assistance claims after conviction but prior to sentencing is a motion for a new trial pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 33."
Even considering the merits of Rivera's and Whaley's ineffective of counsel claims, those claims are denied.
In order to prevail on a Sixth Amendment ineffective assistance of counsel claim, defendants must prove both: (1) that their counsels' representation "fell below an objective standard of reasonableness" measured against "prevailing professional norms;" and (2) that "there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different."
A defendant must overcome the "strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of reasonably professional assistance."
Rivera and Whaley both contend that their respective trial counsel was ineffective for: (1) failing to call certain witnesses for their defense; (2) failing to introduce certain evidence at trial, including a video that recorded the activities inside the bar; (3) failing to hire a private investigator; and (4) failing to effectively cross-examine government witnesses at trial. In addition, Rivera contends that his counsel was ineffective for making prejudicial statements to the jury by stating that "`the women were prostitutes' and that Rivera knew this for a fact," and Whaley contends that his counsel was ineffective for: (1) advising him not to testify at trial; (2) failing to seek a hearing pursuant to
Neither Rivera nor Whaley have demonstrated that any of the challenged conduct by their respective trial counsel, either standing alone or cumulatively, amounted to anything other than reasonable strategic decisions by counsel. Counsels' failure to introduce the video tape at one (1) of the bars during a time period in which none of the testifying witnesses were present at that bar was not ineffective. Moreover, counsel for both Rivera and Whaley indicate that they reviewed the video and found "no useful information" in it.
Furthermore, although Rivera challenges his counsel's failure to retain a private investigator, he admits that his counsel in fact requested a private investigator, but his application was denied by the Court since Rivera could not specify what he wanted the investigator to pursue. In addition, Rivera's counsel reasonably and competently cross-examined Agent Brust and indicates that he "cross-examined Agent Brust in the manner that [he] believed was most advantageous to Mr. Rivera * * * based on [his] twenty-five years of experience as a criminal defense trial attorney." Thus, Rivera's counsel's representation was not objectively unreasonable.
Whaley's counsel indicates that she had "a number of discussions" with Whaley regarding the possibility of filing a motion seeking a hearing pursuant to
In any event, in light of the overwhelming evidence of Rivera's and Whaley's guilt of the charges of which they were convicted, there is no reasonable probability that, but for any errors on behalf of their respective counsel, the result of the proceeding would have been different. Indeed, Rivera, inter alia, (1) does not even indicate about what the three (3) defense witnesses he claims his counsel failed to call at trial would testify; and (2) although he claims that his counsel failed to introduce documents into evidence at trial that pertain to calls made by security guards, waitresses and customers to the police department to contradict the testimony of the government witnesses that they never saw police officers at the bar, there is no indication that those calls were made when the testifying witnesses were present at the bars. Moreover, Rivera admits that a witness was cross-examined about police reports made by people from the bars. Furthermore, Rivera's counsel indicates that none of the witnesses with whom he spoke gave any information that proved useful to Rivera's case and that none of the documents to which Rivera refers would have proven useful to his defense. Accordingly, Rivera's ineffective assistance of counsel claims are denied.
With respect to Whaley, far from being ineffective, his counsel's advice to not testify at trial was prudent given, inter alia, that it would have subjected him to cross-examination by the government and, at most, his self-serving testimony would merely have contradicted the testimony of the numerous government witnesses. Thus, there is no reasonable probability that his contradictory testimony would have altered the outcome of the proceedings. Although Whaley conclusorily indicates that there are more than (10) witnesses whom his counsel could have called to testify about their duties and employment at the bars, he does not indicate about what those witnesses would have testified. Whaley's counsel indicates that she and an investigator for the Central Islip Federal Defenders Office attempted to contact "a number of people in connection with this case;" that some of those people were unresponsive; and that none of the people with whom they spoke were helpful to Whaley's case. Nor does Whaley indicate what a private investigator could have discovered that would have changed the outcome of the proceedings. Indeed, Whaley's counsel indicates that she had the investigator in the Federal Defenders' Brooklyn Office investigate certain matters in this case, but such investigation failed to uncover any useful information or witnesses. Moreover, contrary to Whaley's contention, there was evidence presented at trial that some of the waitresses engaged in sexual conduct at other bars. Accordingly, Whaley's ineffective assistance of counsel claims are denied.
For the reasons set forth above, Rivera's and Whaley's ineffective assistance of counsel claims are denied.